Ukuhlaziywa kwe-vintage

Ukuhlaziywa kwe-vintage kuyindlela yobungozi besikweletu eqoqa izimalimboleko ngesikhathi ezakhishwa ngaso futhi elandelela ukusebenza kweqembu ngalinye ngokuya ngobudala, kunokuba kube ngokwedethi yekhalenda. Ukuqhathanisa amaqoqo ngenani elifanayo lezinyanga ezisencwadini kususa ukuhlanekezela okubangelwa ukukhula kwephothifoliyo, futhi kwembula izinguquko ekhwalithini yesikweletu ezinyangeni ngaphambi kokuba izilinganiso zezinsalela ezisilele eziyinhloko zishintshe.

Amaphuzu asemqoka

• I-vintage iyiqoqo lezimalimboleko ezakhishwa ngesikhathi esifanayo — ngokuvamile inyanga noma ikota.
• Ukusebenza kukalwa ngezinyanga ezisencwadini (MOB), ngakho imalimboleko enezinyanga ezintathu ubudala iqhathaniswa kuphela nezinye izimalimboleko ezinezinyanga ezintathu ubudala.
• Iphothifoliyo ekhulayo inciphisa ngokuzenzakalelayo isilinganiso sayo sezinsalela ezisilele, ngoba izimalimboleko ezisencane azikasitholi isikhathi sokuhluleka ukukhokha. Ukuhlaziywa kwe-vintage kuyindlela ejwayelekile yokulungisa lokhu.
• Umphumela uyijika le-vintage: izinga eliqongelelayo lezikweletu ezimbi elenziwa igrafu ngokuqhathaniswa ne-MOB, umugqa owodwa ngeqoqo ngalinye.
• Ukusetshenziswa kwayo okuyinhloko ukutholwa kusenesikhathi kokuwohloka kwekhwalithi yesikweletu, ukuhlolwa kwenqubomgomo noma izinguquko ze-scorecard, ukuqhathaniswa kweziteshi nemikhiqizo, nokulinganiselwa kokulahleka kwesikhathi sonke kumamodeli okulahleka kwesikweletu okulindelekile.

Kuyini ukuhlaziywa kwe-vintage?

Yonke imalimboleko inamawashi amabili. Elinye isikhathi sekhalenda—usuku olusitatimendeni. Esinye isikhathi sobudala, noma ukuthi imalimboleko isinesikhathi esingakanani ingakakhokhwa. Ubungozi besikweletu bulandela iwashi lesibili, hhayi elokuqala. Imalimboleko ekhishwe ngesonto eledlule ayikwazi ukuba nezinsuku ezingamashumi ayisishiyagalolunye ngemuva kosuku lokukhokha; imalimboleko ekhishwe eminyakeni emibili edlule ibe nawo wonke amathuba okuhluleka.

Ukubika okuvamile kwephothifoliyo kuhlanganisa zombili lezi zinto. Isilinganiso esifana nephothifoliyo esengozini ngaphezu kwezinsuku ezingama-30 sibalwa kuyo yonke imalimboleko esencwadini ngosuku oluthile, kungakhathaliseki ubudala. Leyo nombolo iphendula ukuthi "iphothifoliyo yenzani njengamanje," okuwusizo, kodwa ayikwazi ukuphendula ukuthi "ingabe esikukhiphayo namuhla kungcono noma kubi kunalokho esakukhipha ngonyaka owedlule." Lezo yimibuzo ehlukile, futhi owesibili kuphela okutshela ukuthi inqubomgomo yakho yezikweletu iyasebenza yini.

Ukuhlaziywa kwe-vintage kuphendula umbuzo wesibili ngokugcina ubudala bungaguquki. Qoqa izimalimboleko ngenyanga yokukhishwa, bese ukala iqembu ngalinye nge-MOB 3, MOB 6, MOB 12 nokunye. Konke ukuqhathanisa kufana nokufanayo.

Kungani ukukhula kufihla ukubolekisa okubi

Lokhu ukuhluleka okuqondile ukuhlaziywa kwe-vintage okukhona ukuze kukuvimbele.

Umbolekisi ophinda kabili ibhuku lakhe lezimalimboleko minyaka yonke unephothifoliyo lapho iningi lezimalimboleko lisencane. Izimalimboleko ezisencane cishe azikaze zibambezeleke—hhayi ngoba zizinhle, kodwa ngoba azikasitholi isikhathi sokuba zimbi. Idenominetha yesilinganiso sezinsalela ezisilele ikhula ngokushesha kuyilapho inumeretha iphendula kuphela ngokubambezeleka kwezinyanga ezimbalwa.

Umphumela yisilinganiso sephothifoliyo esengozini esihlala singashintshi, noma sibe ngcono, ngenkathi ikhwalithi yokuhlolwa kwezikweletu iwohloka. Lapho ukukhula kuncipha, izimalimboleko ezimbi eziqongelelwe zivela zonke ngasikhathi sinye futhi isilinganiso siwohloka kakhulu, ngokuvamile kusolwa isimo sezomnotho kunokuba kusolwe izinqumo zokukhishwa kwezimalimboleko ezenziwe ngonyaka owedlule.

Ukuhlaziywa kwe-vintage kwenza lokhu kubonakale ngenkathi kusenzeka.

Ithebula le-vintage

Umphumela ojwayelekile ungunxantathu: amaqembu okuqalwa ehla emigqeni, izinyanga ezisencwadini zinqamula amakholomu. Ingxenye engezansi kwesokudla yethebula ayinalutho ngoba ama-vintage akamuva awakakhuli.

Izinga elihlanganisiwe lokweqiwa isikhathi kwezinsuku ezingaphezu kuka-90, ngokwenyanga yokuqalwa nangezinyanga ezisencwadini

• UJanuwari: MOB 3: 0.8% | MOB 6: 2.1% | MOB 9: 3.4% | MOB 12: 4.0%
• UFebruwari: MOB 3: 0.9% | MOB 6: 2.3% | MOB 9: 3.6% | MOB 12: 4.2%
• UMashi: MOB 3: 1.1% | MOB 6: 2.8% | MOB 9: 4.3%
• U-Ephreli: MOB 3: 1.6% | MOB 6: 3.9%
• UMeyi: MOB 3: 2.1% | MOB 6: 4.8%
• UJuni: MOB 3: 2.4%

Funda kusukela phezulu kuya phansi kunoma iyiphi ikholomu eyodwa. Ku-MOB 3, izinga lezikweletu ezimbi seliphindeke kathathu phakathi kukaJanuwari noJuni. Ku-MOB 6, seliphindeke ngaphezu kokuphindeka kabili phakathi kukaJanuwari noMeyi. Kukhona okushintshile ebhizinisini cishe ngoMashi noma ngo-Ephreli — ukukhululeka kwenqubomgomo, isiteshi esisha, ushintsho lwe-scorecard cutoff, indandatho yokukhwabanisa, noma igatsha elisha elibhalisa ababoleki ababuthaka.

Manje cabanga ukuthi isilinganiso sezinsalela ezingakhokhiwe ezingeni lephothifoliyo sasizobonisa ini esikhathini esifanayo. Uma ibhuku lalikhula ngokushesha, sasizobonisa kuncane kakhulu. I-4.8% yeqembu likaMeyi ku-MOB 6 ayibonakali ngokugcwele ezibalweni eziyinhloko kuze kube sekupheleni konyaka.

Ukufunda ithebula ngezindlela ezintathu:

• Ukuya phansi ngekholomu — kuqhathanisa amaqembu aneminyaka efanayo. Lokhu ukqhathanisa okubalulekile ekhwalithini yesikweletu.
• Ukuwela umugqa — kulandelela ukuvuthwa kweqembu elilodwa, kukhombisa ukuthi ukulahleka kunqwabelana kanjani ngokukhula.
• Ukuhamba ngedayagonali — kumelela isikhathi sekhalenda esisodwa, ngoba isinyathelo ngasinye ukuya kwesokudla nangaphansi siqhubekisela phambili inyanga eyodwa ngesikhathi sangempela. Amaphethini edayagonali akhombisa ukushaqeka okuthinta wonke amaqembu ngasikhathi sinye, njengesenzakalo somnotho omkhulu, ukuphazamiseka kokuqoqwa kwezikweletu, noma ukunqamuka kwesiteshi sokukhokha.

Lowo mehluko wokugcina ubalulekile ekuxilongeni. Inkinga ebonakala phansi emakholomu isuka ekuhlolweni kwezikweletu. Inkinga ebonakala ngedayagonali isuka endaweni noma ekunakekelweni kwezikweletu, futhi ithinta izikweletu ezazisesimweni esihle ngesikhathi zibhalwa.

Amajika e-vintage

Ukudweba umugqa ngamunye njengolayini — izinga lezikweletu ezimbi elihlanganisiwe ku-eksisi emile, i-MOB ku-eksisi evundlile — kukhiqiza ishadi lamajika e-vintage elinika le ndlela uphawu lwayo olubonakalayo.

Amajika ahlelekile anomumo ofanayo: akhuphuka kakhulu ekuqaleni, bese egudla kancane kancane njengoba iqembu liyavuthwa. Iphuzu lapho ijika ligudla khona yiphuzu lokuvuthwa, futhi lichaza ukuthi iqembu kufanele libhekwe isikhathi esingakanani ngaphambi kokuthi izinga lalo lokugcina lokulahleka lilinganiswe ngokuthembekile. Emalimbolekweni yesikhathi esifushane yabathengi kanye nemalimboleko emincane lokhu kungase kube izinyanga eziyisithupha kuya kweziyishumi nambili; ekubolekiseni okunesibambiso kwesikhathi eside kungathatha iminyaka eminingana.

Izici ezimbili zamajika zinencazelo:

• Ukuphakama — ukuthi ijika lihlala kuphi. Ijika eliphakeme lisho iqembu elibi kakhulu kuzo zonke izigaba zobudala.
• Umumo — ukuthi likhuphuka ngokushesha kangakanani. Amajika akhuphuka kakhulu ezinyangeni zokuqala ezimbalwa akhomba izinkinga zokuqalisa: ukukhwabanisa, iholo elimelelwe ngamanga, noma ababoleki abangakaze bahlose ukukhokha. Amajika ahlala phansi bese ewohloka kamuva akhomba izinkinga zokukwazi ukukhokha ezivela njengoba izimo zishintsha.

Ukwehluleka kwenkokhelo yokuqala — umboleki ophuthelwa isitolimende sokuqala ngempela — kufanele kulandelelwe ngokuhlukile. Cishe akukaze kube umcimbi wesikweletu ngomqondo ojwayelekile. Ngokuvamile kukhomba ukukhwabanisa, ukusetshenziswa kabi kukamazisi, iphutha ledatha, noma isikhulu semalimboleko esiqalisa imalimboleko umboleki angakaze ayithole ngempela.

Okufanele kukalwe

Le nqubo ayinandaba nokuthi yiliphi imethrikhi oyilandelelayo, futhi ukukhetha kufanele kulandele umbuzo obuzwayo.

• Iphesenti eliqongelelayo lokuke kube nezinsuku ezingaphezu kwezingu-30 / 60 / 90+ ngemva kosuku lokukhokha: Isignali yobungozi yakuqala, etholakala ngokushesha kakhulu.
• Izinga eliqongelelayo lokwehluleka ukukhokha: Umphumela wesikweletu osemthethweni ochazwa yincazelo yokwehluleka ukukhokha yombolekisi.
• Izinga eliqongelelayo lelahleko eyinethi: Izimali ezicinyiwe kususwa izibuyisiwe — umphumela weqiniso wezomnotho.
• Izinga lokweqiwa isikhathi ngesikhathi esithile: Isithombe esisheshayo kunokuba okuqongelelayo; kunomsindo omningi kodwa kulula.
• Izinga lokwehluleka kwenkokhelo yokuqala: Lihlola ukukhwabanisa nobuqotho bokuqalisa imalimboleko.
• Izinga lokukhokha kusengaphambili / lokuvala imalimboleko ngaphambi kwesikhathi: Lilinganisa umthelela wemali engenayo kanye nempilo yemalimboleko yokuziphatha kumamodeli entengo.

Izinqumo ezimbili zendlela yokwenza zibaluleke kakhulu kunokuba zibonakala:

Okunesisindo ngokwesibalo noma okunesisindo ngebhalansi? Ukukala ngenani lemalimboleko kuphatha wonke umboleki ngokulinganayo; ukukala ngenani elikhishwe kukhomba ubungozi bezomnotho. Kungalandisa izindaba ezahlukene lapho ubukhulu bemalimboleko buhluka kakhulu — iqembu lingabonakala lilihle ngesibalo kodwa libi kakhulu ngenani uma imalimboleko emikhulu iyona ehlulekayo. Bika kokubili lapho kungenzeka khona.

Yiliphi idenominetha? Ezingeni eliqongelelayo lelahleko, idenominetha kufanele kube inani lokuqala elikhishwe leqembu, ligcinwe lingashintshi. Ukusebenzisa ibhalansi esele kubuyisa ngempela ukuhlanekezela le nqubo eklanyelwe ukukususa, ngoba ibhalansi iyancipha njengoba imalimboleko emihle ikhokha.

Lapho ukuhlaziywa kwe-vintage kusetshenziswa khona

Ukuhlolwa kwenqubomgomo yesikweletu. Indlela okuwukuphela kwayo enokwethenjelwa yokwazi ukuthi ushintsho lwenqubomgomo lusebenzile yini. Qinisa umkhawulo wokunqamula ngoMashi, bese ama-vintage kusukela ngoMashi kuya phambili kufanele abe ngaphansi kwala angaphambilini nge-MOB elinganayo. Akukho okunye okuhlukanisa umphumela ngale ndlela ehlanzekile kangaka.

Ukuqapha i-scorecard. Amajika e-vintage ahlukaniswe ngamabhendi amaphuzu kufanele ahlelwe futhi ahlukaniswe. Uma amabhendi ehlangana noma ephambana, imodeli isilahlekelwe amandla okwehlukanisa futhi idinga ukulungiswa kabusha.

Ukuqhathanisa isiteshi, umkhiqizo kanye negatsha. Amaqoqo ahlukaniswe ngesiteshi sokuthola amakhasimende, igatsha, isikhulu semalimboleko noma umkhiqizo avamise ukuveza ukuthi ukusebenza okuhlanganisiwe kuthwalwa yingxenye eyodwa eqinile kanti enye ilahlekelwa yimali.

Ukuhlolwa komkhankaso nokukhangisa. Izimali ezibolekwe ngaphansi komkhankaso wokukhangisa zakha ezazo i-vintage futhi zingahlolwa ngokwazo kunokuba zihlanganiswe ebhukwini.

Ukuqamba imodeli yokulahleka kwesikweletu okulindelekile. Amajika e-vintage awukufaka okuqondile okusekelwe ekuboneni ekuqaguleni ukulahleka kwempilo yonke ngaphansi kwe-IFRS 9, njengoba echaza ukuthi ukulahleka kuvela kanjani phakathi nempilo yeqoqo.

Ukubekwa kwamanani kanye nenzuzo. Ukulahleka kwempilo yonke okulindelekile ngokwesegimenti, kuthathwe kumajika e-vintage avuthiwe, kuyingxenye yokulahleka yenani elisekelwe ebungozini.

Ukubikezela. Amaqoqo angakavuthwa angabikezelwa phambili ngokusebenzisa isimo samajika avuthiwe aqhathanisekayo, okunikeza isilinganiso sakuqala sokuthi i-vintage yakamuva izogcina ikuphi.

Ukuthi ukuhlaziywa kwe-vintage kuqhathaniseka kanjani namanye amasu

• Ukuhlaziywa kwe-vintage: Kuthwebula amaqoqo okusungulwa ngokweminyaka. Kungcono kakhulu ekuqhathaniseni ikhwalithi yokuhlola ubungozi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Umkhawulo: Udinga amaqoqo ukuthi avuthwe.
• Ukuhlaziywa kwe-roll rate: Kuthwebula ukuhamba phakathi kwezigaba zokubambezeleka ngenyanga nenyanga. Kungcono kakhulu ekubikezeleni ukuqoqa izikweletu kwesikhathi esifushane. Umkhawulo: Akubonisi ikhwalithi yokusungulwa.
• Izinga lokugeleza / i-matrix yokuguquka: Kuhlola amathuba okuhamba phakathi kwezimo zobungozi. Kungcono kakhulu ekuqambeni imodeli yokufuduka kwesikhathi esiseduze. Umkhawulo: Kuthatha ngokuthi ubudlelwano bokuguquka buhlala buzinzile.
• Isithombe sephothifoliyo esisengozini: Kukala ibhuku lonke ngesikhathi esisodwa. Kungcono kakhulu ekuhloleni isimo samanje sephothifoliyo. Umkhawulo: Kuphazanyiswa ukukhula kwephothifoliyo nokushintsha kokuhlanganiswa.
• Ukuhlaziywa kweqoqo elimile: Kuthwebula iqoqo elingashintshi lama-akhawunti ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Kungcono kakhulu ekwenziweni kwezibambiso nasekusebenzeni kweqoqo. Umkhawulo: Ngokomqondo kuyefana nokuhlaziywa kwe-vintage ngaphansi kwegama elihlukile.

Lezi ziyahlanganisana. Ama-roll rate akutshela ukuthi kuzokwenzekani ngenyanga ezayo; amajika e-vintage akutshela ukuthi izimali ezibolekiwe ozibhalayo namuhla ziyakufanele yini ukuzibhalwa.

Imininingwane kanye nezidingo ezingokoqobo

• Usuku lokukhishwa kwemali kuyo yonke imalimboleko, olungaguquki, oluchaza ubulungu beqembu unomphela. Imalimboleko ayikaze ishintshe i-vintage, kuhlanganise nangemva kokuhlelwa kabusha.
• Izifinyezo zokusebenza zomlando, noma umlando wokwenziwayo ophelele ngokwanele ukuze kwakhiwe kabusha isimo sokweqiwa kwesikhathi semalimboleko ngayinye ekupheleni kwayo yonke inyanga edlule.
• Incazelo ezinzile yokuthi "kubi" esetshenziswa ngendlela efanayo kulo lonke uchungechunge. Ukushintsha incazelo yokwehluleka ukukhokha phakathi nochungechunge kwenza konke ukuqhathanisa kungabi semthethweni.
• Ubukhulu beqembu obanele. Amaqembu amancane akhiqiza amajika aguquguqukayo. Lapho amavolumu enyanga ephansi, hlanganisa ngokwamakota.
• Ukuphathwa okungaguquki kokuhlelwa kabusha nokukhanselwa kwezikweletu. Imalimboleko ehlelwe kabusha eyeka ukubikwa njengeweqiwe isikhathi izokwenza i-vintage yayo ibukeke ingcono. Nquma umthetho, wubhale phansi, uwusebenzise kukho konke.
• Izihluthulelo zokuhlukanisa eziqoshwa ngesikhathi sokuqalwa — umkhiqizo, isiteshi, igatsha, isikhulu, ibhande lamaphuzu. Izigaba azikwazi ukuhlaziywa ngokubheka emuva uma izibaluli zingakaze ziqoshwe.

Amaphutha avamile

Ukuqhathanisa amaqembu angakavuthwa namaqembu avuthiwe ngamanani awo okugcina. Iqembu eliku-MOB 4 lizohlala libukeka lingcono kuneliku-MOB 18. Ukuqhathanisa kweminyaka elinganayo kuphela okuvumelekile — lokhu kuyinhloso yonke yendlela, futhi kuseyiphutha elivame kakhulu.

Ukusebenzisa ibhalansi eseleyo njengedenominetha. Kubuyisa ukuhlanekezelwa kokukhula. Gcina inani lokuqala elikhishiwe lingaguquki.

Ukungakunaki ukushintsha kwenhlanganisela. Iqembu lingawohloka ngenxa nje yokuthi ukwakheka kwalo kushintshile — kuba nokwanda komkhiqizo oyingozi kakhulu, kuba nokwanda kwesiteshi esibuthakathaka — ngaphandle kokuthi kube khona isigaba esisodwa esiwohlokayo. Hlukanisa ngezigaba ngaphambi kokuphetha ngokuthi ukuhlolwa kwemalimboleko kwehle.

Ukungakunaki isizini. Ekubolekiseni okuqhutshwa ezolimo nasezindlekweni zesikole, amaqembu aqalwa ngezinyanga ezahlukene abhekana nezimo zokukhokha ezahlukene ngempela. Qhathanisa izinyanga ezifanayo phakathi kweminyaka kanye nezinyanga ezilandelanayo.

Ukutolika ngokweqile amaqembu amancane. Ukwehluleka ukukhokha okumbalwa eqenjini elincane kukhiqiza ukushintshashintsha okukhulu kwamaphesenti okungasho lutho.

Ukuyeka ezingeni lephothifoliyo. Ijika elihlanganisiwe liyisilinganiso sezigaba ezingase zihambe ngezindlela eziphambene.

Ukuthatha umphumela we-diagonal njengenkinga yokuqalwa. Uma wonke amaqembu ewohloka ngenyanga efanayo yekhalenda, imbangela ingaphandle noma eyokusebenza, hhayi ukuhlolwa kwemalimboleko.