Ukufaneleka kwesikweletu

Ukufaneleka kwekhredithi kuwukwahlulela kombolekisi ngamathuba okuthi obolekayo asibuyise isikweletu njengoba kuvunyelwene. Kuwukuhlolwa kokuziphatha nokwethembeka, okususelwa ikakhulukazi endleleni obolekayo aphathe ngayo izibopho zakhe esikhathini esedlule, futhi kuyona enquma ukuthi kukhona yini ukubolekwa, kungakanani, ngezinga lenzalo elingakanani nangaphansi kwemibandela enjani.

Ukufaneleka kwekhredithi ngokuyisisekelo kubheka emuva. Kuthatha ukuziphatha kwesikhathi esizayo ngokusuka ekuziphatheni kwesikhathi esedlule, okwenza kube namandla kulabo ababolekayo abanomlando futhi kucishe kungabi nalusizo kulabo abangenawo.

Ukufaneleka kwekhredithi kuqhathaniswa namagama ahlobene

Lezi zinto ezine zivame ukudidaniswa, futhi ukudideka kuletha amaphutha okubolekisa angempela.

• Umbiko wekhredithi — Umlando ongahluziwe wama-akhawunti ekhredithi kabolekayo, amabhalansi, umlando wokukhokha kanye namarekhodi omphakathi, agcinwe yibhiro.
• Amaphuzu ekhredithi — Inombolo ethathwe embikweni wekhredithi, elinganisela amathuba ezibalo okwehluleka ukukhokha.
• Ukufaneleka kwekhredithi — Isinqumo esibanzi sombolekisi ngamathuba okubuyisela, lapho amaphuzu eyingxenye eyodwa yokufakwayo.
• Ukukhokheleka — Ukuthi imali engenayo yamanje ingakwazi yini ukukhokhela izinkokhelo ezihlongozwayo, kungakhathalekile ukuziphatha kwesikhathi esedlule.

Umbiko uyidatha. Amaphuzu awumphumela wemodeli. Ukufaneleka kwekhredithi kuyisiphetho. Futhi ukukhokheleka kuwukuhlolwa okuhluke ngokuphelele — kukala amandla okukhokha, hhayi ukuzimisela.

Obolekayo angaba nokufaneleka okuphezulu kwekhredithi kodwa akakwazi ukukhokhela ukubolekwa okuthile. Obolekayo angakwazi ukukhokhela ukubolekwa ngokunethezeka futhi abe nomlando okhombisa ukuthi ngeke akukhokhe. Kokubili kungukunqatshwa, ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukene.

Okunquma ukufaneleka kwekhredithi

Umlando wokukhokha. Kuyisici esivelele cishe kuyo yonke imodeli yokunikeza amaphuzu. Izinkokhelo ezingenziwanga, ukwakamuva kwazo, ubukhulu bazo nobuningi bazo kubaluleke kakhulu kunanoma yikuphi okunye okufakiwe. Ukwehluleka ukukhokha okwenzeka ezinyangeni ezimbili ezedlule kunesisindo esikhulu kakhulu kunalokho okwenzeka eminyakeni emine edlule.

Isikweletu samanje nokusetshenziswa kwekhredithi. Inani elikweletwayo uma liqhathaniswa nekhredithi etholakalayo. Obolekayo osebenzisa njalo ikhredithi yakhe ngokuphelele noma cishe ngokuphelele ukhombisa ukuncika ekhredithi ukuze ahlangabezane nezindleko ezijwayelekile.

Ubude bomlando wekhredithi. Umlando omude unikeza ubufakazi obuningi. Imilando emifushane ijeziswa hhayi ngenxa yokuziphatha okubi kodwa ngenxa yedatha enganele.

Inhlanganisela yekhredithi. Ulwazi ngezinhlobo ezahlukene zemikhiqizo — ukubolekwa ngezitolimende, izinsiza ezijikelezayo, ukubolekwa okunesibambiso — kukhombisa ukuziphatha okubanzi kokukhokha kunohlobo olulodwa lwe-akhawunti.

Imibuzo yakamuva. Izicelo eziningi esikhathini esifushane zikhombisa ukuthi umuntu uqhathanisa izinketho noma unenkinga. Amamodeli ngokuvamile awakwazi ukuhlukanisa lezi zinto ezimbili, ngakho abheka ukuhlangana ndawonye njengophawu olubi.

Amarekhodi omphakathi. Izigwebo zenkantolo, ama-oda okuphatha, izinqubo zokungakwazi ukukhokha izikweletu kanye nokwehluleka ukukhokha okusemthethweni kunesisindo esikhulu futhi kuhlala isikhathi eside.

Izinkomba zokuzinza. Ubude besikhathi oqashwe ngaso, isikhathi osuhlala ekhelini, nokuqhubeka kobudlelwano basebhange kuyizici ezingaphansi kodwa ziyabikezela ngempela.

Ukuziphatha kwama-akhawunti akhona. Kulowo mbolekisi onobudlelwano obukhona, idatha yangaphakathi yokuziphatha — indlela obolekayo aphatha ngayo i-akhawunti yakhe yamanje, ukuthi ama-debit order ayabuya yini engakhokhiwe, nokuthi uyakwazi yini ukuzilungisa ngokushesha ngemva kokwehluleka ukukhokha — ivame ukubikezela kakhulu kunanoma yimaphi amaphuzu angaphandle.

Indlela okukalwa ngayo ukufaneleka kwekhredithi

Ihhovisi lezikweletu amaphuzu. Inombolo ekhiqizwa kudatha yehhovisi lezikweletu kusetshenziswa imodeli yezibalo. Izikali ziyehluka ngokwehhovisi nangokwemakethe, ngakho iphuzu lihunyushwa kuphela ngokwamabhendi ehhovisi elilikhiphile. Izikali eziningi zabathengi zisukela cishe ku-300 kuya ku-850, kodwa lokhu kuwumkhuba hhayi indinganiso, futhi amaphuzu avela emahhovisi ahlukene awaqhathaniseki ngokuqondile.

Amakhadi amaphuzu angaphakathi. Amamodeli umbolekisi awakhayo kusukela ekusebenzeni kwephothifoliyo yakhe. Lawa ngokuvamile enza kangcono kunamaphuzu ajwayelekile ehhovisi lezikweletu kusisekelo samakhasimende athile salowo mbolekisi, ngoba aqondaniswe nenani labantu empeleni elisetshenzwayo.

Ukuhlola ngokwahlulela. Isikhulu sezikweletu esinolwazi ekala ubufakazi okungekho modeli ongabuthatha — isizathu sokwehluleka ukukhokha emlandweni, ukwethembeka kwencazelo, ukuziphatha komfakisicelo ngesikhathi sokuvakashela ibhizinisi. Kuhamba kancane futhi akuhambisani kahle, kodwa kuyindlela kuphela esebenzayo lapho idatha incane.

Ukufaka amaphuzu ngokuziphatha. Ukuhlola kabusha okuqhubekayo kwamakhasimende akhona kusukela ekuziphatheni kwe-akhawunti yawo, okusetshenziselwa ukubeka imikhawulo, ukuqalisa ukuqoqwa kwezikweletu nokukhomba abangaba amakhasimende emikhiqizo eyengeziwe.

Izilinganiso zezikweletu. Ezikhungweni nakohulumeni hhayi kubantu ngabanye, izinhlangano ezilinganisayo zinikeza amabanga ezinhlamvu abonisa amathuba okwehluleka ukukhokha, ngomngcele owaziwayo phakathi kwebanga lokutshala imali nebanga lokugembula olawula ukuthi yibaphi abatshalizimali abangalibamba isikweletu.

Inkinga yefayela elincane

Umfakisicelo onefayela elincane noma ongabonakali kwezikweletu unomlando omncane kakhulu wehhovisi lezikweletu ongakwazi ukuthola amaphuzu. Lokhu kuyingxenye enkulu yabantu abadala ezimakethe eziningi, futhi ukwehluleka kokufaka amaphuzu kunokuba ukwehluleka komboleki — ukungabikho kwerekhodi akubona ubufakazi bokuziphatha kabi.

Ababolekisi babhekana nakho ngezindlela ezilandelayo:

• Idatha ehlukile — umlando wemisebenzi yemali yeselula, amaphethini okufaka u-airtime, amarekhodi okukhokhela izinsiza nokuqasha, isikhathi sokuba ne-akhawunti yenkampani yocingo, umlando we-e-commerce noma wezincwadi zabahlinzeki.
• Ukuhlolwa kwengqondo — imibuzo ehlelekile eklanyelwe ukuhambisana nokuziphatha kokukhokha lapho kungekho rekhodi lezezimali.
• Ukuboleka okuqhubekayo — kuqala ngemboleko encane, yesikhathi esifushane futhi kukhuphule imikhawulo njengoba umboleki esakha irekhodi nombolekisi ngokuqondile.
• Ukuhlolwa kweqembu nedumela — lapho amalungu eqembu lokubolekisa efakazela futhi eqinisekisana, ahlinzeka ngolwazi lwendawo okungekho hhovisi lezikweletu elinalo.
• Izinkomba zesimilo nobufakazi bomphakathi — abahlinzeki, abanikazi bezindlu, abaqashi, izinhlangano zomphakathi nezikhungo zezenkolo.

Ngayinye yalezi ingena esikhundleni senkomba ebonakalayo yerekhodi elisemthethweni elingekho. Akukho okunamandla okubikezela njengomlando wokukhokha wangempela, okuyisona sizathu sokuthi ukubolekisa okuqhubekayo kuhlale kuyindlela ethembeke kakhulu: kwakha idatha engekho ngezindleko ezilawulekayo.

Ukufaneleka kwebhizinisi esikweletini

Ukuhlola ibhizinisi kusebenzisa imininingo ehlukile, nokho umbuzo oyisisekelo uyefana.

Izitatimende zezimali. Lapho ama-akhawunti acwaningiwe noma abuyekeziwe ekhona, izilinganiso ezijwayelekile ziyasebenza: i-current ratio ne-quick ratio zokukhokha izikweletu, i-gearing noma i-debt-to-equity yokuxhaswa ngezikweletu, i-interest cover yomehluko phakathi kwenzuzo nezindleko zokuboleka, kanye nokuhlaziywa kwethrendi okungenani ezikhathini ezintathu.

Izinkomba zohwebo nokuziphatha ekukhokheni. Indlela ibhizinisi elikhokha ngayo abahlinzeki balo ngokuvamile yembula okuningi ukwedlula indlela elikhokha ngayo ababolekisi, ngoba isikweletu sohwebo sinikezwa ngokungahlelekile futhi sihoxiswa ngokushesha.

Ukuziphatha kwebhange. Imali edlula ku-akhawunti uma iqhathaniswa nokuthengiswa okumenyezelwe, ukusetshenziswa kwe-overdraft, nezinkokhelo ezibuyisiwe.

Izinga lokuphatha nobude besikhathi. Ulwazi emkhakheni, ukuzinza kobuholi, nezinga lokugcinwa kwamarekhodi. Amabhuku angalungile ayinkomba yesikweletu ngokwawo.

Umkhakha kanye nokugxila. Ukuchayeka kumthengi oyedwa, kumhlinzeki oyedwa, entengo yempahla eyodwa noma esizini eyodwa. Ibhizinisi elinomthengi oyedwa linobungozi besikweletu balowo mthengi, hhayi obalo uqobo.

Ukufaneleka komnikazi esikweletini Emabhizinisini amancane nalawo aphethwe ngumnikazi, lezi zinto ezimbili azahlukaniseki ngokoqobo, futhi amarekhodi omuntu siqu ahlolwa kanye nalawo ebhizinisi.

Emabhizinisini amancane kakhulu angenawo ama-akhawunti asemthethweni, ukufaneleka esikweletini kuhlolwa ngokwakhiwa kabusha kokugeleza kwemali, ngokubalwa kwesitoko, ngokuvakashelwa kwebhizinisi nangesithunzi somnikazi phakathi kwabahlinzeki namakhasimende — inqubo yokwahlulela esondelene kakhulu nokuhlolwa kwesimilo somthengi kunokuhlaziywa kwezikweletu zebhizinisi.

Indlela ukufaneleka esikweletini okuguquka ngayo

Akunqunyiwe. Izindlela ezisebenzayo, ngokulandelana kwazo ngokomphumela:

• Ukukhokha njalo ngesikhathi, okwakha kabusha isici samaphuzu esinamandla ngokushesha ukudlula noma yini enye.
• Ukwehlisa ukusetshenziswa kwezinsiza ezijikelezayo, okuthuthukisa amaphuzu phakathi nomjikelezo owodwa wokubika.
• Ukuvumela izehlakalo ezimbi ukuthi ziguge. Iningi lamarekhodi amabi linezikhathi eziqunyiwe zokugcinwa, ngemva kwazo amarekhodi ayawa noma ayancipha ukubaluleka.
• Ukugcina ama-akhawunti amadala evulekile, ngoba ukuwavala kufinyeza umlando obonakalayo.
• Ukwehlukanisa izicelo ngezikhathi ezithile ukugwema ukuhlangana kwemibuzo.
• Ukulungisa amaphutha ebhuro yezikweletu. Amarekhodi e-default abikwe kabi, ama-akhawunti aphindwe kabili nokudidaniswa komazisi kuvamile, futhi ababolekayo ngokuvamile banelungelo elisemthethweni lokuphikisa nokucela ukuthi alungiswe.
• Ukwakha irekhodi ngamabomu, ngokusebenzisa isikweletu esincane esisetshenziswa futhi esikhokhwa ngokukhethekile ukuze kusungulwe umlando.

Ukwakha kabusha ngemva kokwehluleka ukukhokha okukhulu kuyahamba kancane kodwa akupheli. Okwakamuva kuyabusa, ngakho isikhathi eside sokuziphatha okuhlanzekile kancane kancane sidlula irekhodi elidala elibi.

Imikhawulo nokugxekwa.

Kubheka emuva. Ukuziphatha kwangaphambilini kubikezela ukuziphatha kwesikhathi esizayo kuphela uma izimo zingakashintshi. Amaphuzu akhelwe phezu kwedatha yangaphambi kokuphazamiseka asebenze kabi kuzo zonke iziphazamiso ezinkulu zomnotho.

Kukhipha ngaphandle labo abangenawo amabhange. Umlando wekhredithi osemthethweni ungumphumela wokufakwa ngokusemthethweni ezinsizakalweni zezimali. Ukuhlola ukufaneleka kwekhredithi ngedatha yebhuro kuphela kukhipha ngokuhlelekile abantu abake bafeza izibopho zabo ngaphandle kwesistimu esemthethweni.

Kungafaka ukuchema komlando. Imodeli eqeqeshwe ngezinqumo zangaphambilini zokubolekisa ifunda amaphethini akulezo zinqumo, kuhlanganise nanoma yikuphi ukucwasa okwakukhona kuzo. Kungalesi sizathu ukuthi imithetho yokubolekisa enobulungiswa iya ngokuya idinga ukuhlolelwa komthelela ohlukene, hhayi nje ukungabi bikho kwezinto eziguquguqukayo ezenqatshelwe ngokusobala.

Kudida ikhono nokuzimisela. Obolekayo owahluleka ukukhokha ngemva kwesimo esiphuthumayo sezempilo kanye nalowo owahluleka ukukhokha ngenxa yokunganaki bakhiqiza irekhodi elifanayo. Iphuzu alikwazi ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwabo; umhloli ongumuntu ngezinye izikhathi angakwazi.

Amaphuzu awathwaleki futhi awaqhathaniseki. Amabhuro ahlukene, amamodeli ahlukene kanye nezimakethe ezahlukene kukhiqiza izinombolo ezibukeka zifana kodwa ezisho izinto ezahlukene.

Alingani lutho mayelana namandla. Lokhu kuwumkhawulo onomthelela omkhulu kakhulu ekusebenzeni, futhi kuyisizathu sokuthi amandla okukhokha ahlolwe ngokwehlukene.

Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa

Ingabe ukuhlola umbiko wakho wekhredithi kwehlisa amaphuzu akho? Cha. Ukubuza komuntu obolekayo ngokwakhe kuqoshwa njengombuzo othambile futhi akuthinti amaphuzu. Izicelo ezikhiqiza imibuzo eqinile evela kubabolekisi zingawathinta amaphuzu.

Ingabe izimali ezibolekwe ngokungahleleki ziyakuthinta ukufaneleka kwekhredithi? Ngokuvamile aziveli embikweni webhuro, okusho ukuthi azibonakali ekubalweni kwamaphuzu ngenkathi zisalokhu ziyisibopho sangempela. Lokhu kuyisikhala esaziwayo, futhi yingakho ababolekisi becwaninga ngokuqondile ukubolekwa okungadalulwanga.