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Impophoma Yokwabiwa Kwenkokhelo

Incazelo

Impophoma yokwabiwa iwukulandelana okungaguquki okwabiwa ngakho inkokhelo — izinhlawulo, izimali zenkonzo, inzalo, bese kuba inhloko-mali. Kungani ukulandelana kubalulekile nokuthi kwenzekani uma kungekho.

Impophoma yokwabiwa (allocation waterfall) iwukulandelana okungaguquki okwabiwa ngakho inkokhelo kulokho umbolekwa akukweletayo. Imali engenayo igcwalisa isigaba sokuqala size sikhokhelwe ngokugcwele, bese ichichima iye kwesilandelayo, nakwesilandelayo, kuze kuphele yonke inkokhelo. Ukulandelana okujwayelekile yilokhu: izinhlawulo, bese kuba izimali zenkonzo, bese kuba inzalo, bese kuba inhloko-mali.

Kubalulekile ngoba inkokhelo cishe ayikaze ibe yinto eyodwa. Umbolekwa okhokha u-1,200 kwisigaba senkokhelo (instalment) esingu-1,000, enenhlawulo yokulibala engu-150 nenzalo eqongelelekile engu-45, akakhokheli "inhloko-mali" — inkokhelo kumele ihlukaniswe, futhi lokho kuhlukaniswa kumele kulandele umthetho ofanayo ngaso sonke isikhathi.

Ngaphandle komthetho ongaguquki, u-1,200 ofanayo angabhalwa ngezindlela ezine ezehlukene yizikhulu ezine zezikweletu, futhi akekho ophambene phakathi kwazo.

Impophoma ejwayelekile

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Inkokhelo etholiwe
      │
      ▼
1. Izinhlawulo       ── izinhlawulo zokulibala, inzalo yokwehluleka, izindleko zokusalela
      │ (okusele)
      ▼
2. Izimali zenkonzo  ── ukucubungula, umshwalense, ezomthetho, ukuphatha, izindleko zokubuyisa
      │ (okusele)
      ▼
3. Inzalo            ── inzalo eqongelelekile esasele
      │ (okusele)
      ▼
4. Inhloko-mali      ── imali eyabolekwa ngempela
      │ (okusele)
      ▼
5. Inkokhelo eyeqile ── ibhalansi yekhredithi, ebanjelwa izigaba ezizayo

Isibonelo esisebenzayo. Umbolekwa ukweleta u-150 ezinhlawulweni, u-0 ezimalini zenkonzo, u-420 enzalweni eqongelelekile, no-8,000 enhloko-mali. Ukhokha u-1,000.

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| Isinyathelo        | Okukweletwayo | Okwabiwe | Okusele |
| ------------------ | ------------: | -------: | ------: |
| Izinhlawulo        |           150 |      150 |     850 |
| Izimali zenkonzo   |             0 |        0 |     850 |
| Inzalo             |           420 |      420 |     430 |
| Inhloko-mali       |         8,000 |      430 |       0 |

Inhloko-mali yesikweletu yehlela ku-7,570. Izinhlawulo nenzalo kukhokhelwe ngokuphelele. Akusali lutho.

Manje umbolekwa ofanayo ukhokha u-400 esikhundleni salokho:

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| Isinyathelo        | Okukweletwayo | Okwabiwe | Okusele |
| ------------------ | ------------: | -------: | ------: |
| Izinhlawulo        |           150 |      150 |     250 |
| Izimali zenkonzo   |             0 |        0 |     250 |
| Inzalo             |           420 |      250 |       0 |
| Inhloko-mali       |         8,000 |        0 |       0 |

Inhloko-mali ayinyakazi nakancane. Isikweletu sisele ku-8,000, kunenzalo engu-170 esaqongelelekile engakakhokhwa — futhi okubaluleke kakhulu, isigaba senkokhelo asikakhokhelwa, ngakho isikweletu sisasalele emuva futhi siyaqhubeka nokuguga. Umbolekisi obeyofaka lowo 400 ngqo enhloko-mali ubeyobonisa umbolekwa njengothuthukayo kanti empeleni usalela emuva nakakhulu.

Kungani izinhlawulo ziza kuqala

Ukulandelana lokhu akwenziwanga ngokungahleliwe. Kusuka kumali eguqukayo kunazo zonke, esanda kubangwa, kuya kwenezinzileyo kunazo zonke.

Izinhlawulo kuqala ngoba yizona zimali eziqhubeka nokukhula ngenkathi zingakhokhwa. Ukushiya inhlawulo ingakhokhelwe kanti wehlisa inhloko-mali kusho ukuthi leyo nhlawulo idlulela esikhathini esilandelayo iphinde iqongelele futhi.

Izimali zenkonzo zilandele ngoba imvamisa ziyizimali zesikhathi esisodwa umbolekisi asezitholile — izindleko zokubuyisa, izindleko zezomthetho, imali yomshwalense ekhokhelwe egameni lombolekwa. Yimali osuyikhiphile.

Inzalo ngaphambi kwenhloko-mali ngoba inzalo yintengo yemali esaphume ezandleni. Uma inkokhelo yehlisa inhloko-mali kanti inzalo ayikhokhwanga, inzalo engakhokhiwe izohlala kwi-akhawunti isikhathi eside futhi, kumabhuku amaningi, ifakwe buthule enhloko-mali. Isimo sezimali sesikweletu asisahambisani neshejuli yaso.

Inhloko-mali igcina ngoba yiyona ngxenye kuphela engakhuli. Iphephile phansi empophomeni.

Inkokhelo eyeqile igcina kunazo zonke. Noma yini esalayo ngemva kwenhloko-mali kufanele ihlale njengebhalansi yekhredithi ebanjelwe isigaba senkokhelo esilandelayo, ingashabalaleli kwi-akhawunti yokulinda okungekho oyihlanganisayo.

Lapho ababolekisi behlukana khona

Amanye amabhuku abeka izimali zenkonzo ngaphambi kwezinhlawulo. Amanye ahlukanisa inzalo eqongelelekile kwinzalo esikhokhisiwe, akhokhele ingxenye esikhokhisiwe kuqala. Ababolekisi abalawulwayo kwezinye izimakethe kudingeka babele izinkokhelo enhloko-mali kuqala kweminye imikhiqizo yabathengi, noma bazabele esigabeni esidala kuqala kunesisha.

Noma yikuphi kwalokhu kuyavikeleka. Okungavikeleki ukungabi nomthetho obhaliwe, noma ukuba nomthetho owehluka ngokwamagatsha. Khetha ukulandelana, ukubhale phansi, ukumise kanye, bese ukusebenzisa kuzo zonke izinkokhelo kuzo zonke izikweletu.

Impophoma yesigaba senkokhelo vs. eyakhawunti iyonke

Kunombuzo wesibili impophoma okumele iwuphendule: yisiphi isigaba senkokhelo inkokhelo eqondiswe kuso?

Esidala kuqala (izinga le-akhawunti). Inkokhelo ikhokhela isigaba esidala esisele ngokuphelele — izinhlawulo zaso, izimali zenkonzo, inzalo, inhloko-mali — ingakathinti esilandelayo. Yiyona ndlela evamile futhi elindelwe abambolekwa abaningi. Ikhokhela ukusalela ngokulandelana kwendlela okwenzeka ngayo.

Esamanje kuqala. Inkokhelo ikhokhela isigaba samanje ngaphambi kokusalela okudala. Isetshenziswa ngezikhathi ezithile ekuhlelweni kabusha kwesikweletu, lapho inhloso kuwukwenza umbolekwa abe semthethweni kusukela manje kuya phambili, kuphathwe ukusalela kwakudala ngokwehlukene.

Ngokulinganayo. Inkokhelo isatshalaliswa kuzo zonke izigaba ezisele. Ayivamile, futhi kunzima ukuyichazela umbolekwa.

Esidala kuqala yiwona mgomo ofanele ukuba yisisekelo. Yiyona ndlela kuphela lapho ukuthi "usalele izigaba ezimbili" kuhlala kuyiqiniso futhi kuqondakala.

Kwenzekani uma impophoma ingafani

Iphothifoliyo yakho esengozini ayilona iqiniso. Inkokhelo eyingxenye efakwe enhloko-mali esikhundleni sesigaba senkokhelo esisele ingenza isikweletu esisalele sibukeke sisemthethweni. Isikweletu siyeka ukuguga, siphume ku-PAR, bese sibuya ezinyangeni ezintathu kamuva sesibi kakhulu. I-PAR ithembeke kuphela njengomthetho wokwabiwa ongaphansi kwayo.

Imali yakho engenayo ibhalwe ngokungeyikho. Inzalo nezinhlawulo kuyimali engenayo. Inhloko-mali ukunyakaza kwebhalansi shidi. Ukufaka inkokhelo esigabeni esingafanele kudlulisa imali phakathi kwenzuzo nokulahlekelwa nebhalansi shidi yakho — okusho ukuthi inani lemali engenayo, isimo sakho sentela, nokubekelela kwakho konke akulungile kancane, futhi iphutha liyakhula kuzo zonke izinkokhelo eziyizinkulungwane.

Ababolekwa baphikisana namabhalansi abo. Uma isitatimende sombolekwa singeke sakhiwe kabusha ngomlando wezinkokhelo zakhe, uzolahlekelwa yileyo mpikiswano — futhi emakethe elawulwayo, ungase ulahlekelwe ngokusemthethweni. Impophoma ebhaliwe yenza wonke amabhalansi achazeke umugqa nomugqa.

Inzalo iyaqhubeka nokuqongelela kwisikweletu obucabanga ukuthi siyancipha. Inguqulo ebiza kakhulu: inhloko-mali yehliswa ephepheni kanti inzalo engakhokhiwe iqongelela ngemuva. Umbolekwa ukholelwa ukuthi usecishe waqeda. Uhlelo luthi akunjalo. Kumele kube khona ozoba naleyo ngxoxo.

Amagatsha amabili abika izinombolo ezehlukene ngomkhiqizo ofanayo. Uma ukwabiwa kwenziwa ngesandla, kuyaguquka. Isikhulu segatsha elilodwa sikhokhela izinhlawulo kuqala, esinye sabela isigaba ngokulinganayo. Akekho owaziyo ukuthi omunye wehlukile kuze kube umcwaningimabhuku ubeka amabhuku eceleni komunye.

Ukubhalwa kwamabhuku

Isinyathelo ngasinye sempophoma sithinta i-akhawunti ehlukile, yingakho ukulandelana kumele kube okulungile ngaphambi kokuba kukhiqizwe ukubhalwa kwe-double-entry, hhayi ngemva kwalokho.

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| Isinyathelo sempophoma | Idebithi          | Ikhredithi                              |
| ---------------------- | ----------------- | --------------------------------------- |
| Izinhlawulo            | Ukheshe / Ibhange | Imali engenayo yezinhlawulo             |
| Izimali zenkonzo       | Ukheshe / Ibhange | Imali engenayo yezinkonzo               |
| Inzalo                 | Ukheshe / Ibhange | Imali engenayo yenzalo                  |
| Inhloko-mali           | Ukheshe / Ibhange | Izikweletu ezitholakalayo               |
| Inkokhelo eyeqile      | Ukheshe / Ibhange | Ibhalansi yekhredithi yombolekwa (isibopho) |

Uma ukwabiwa kungalungile, nokubhalwa akulungile. Ukubhala inkokhelo yonke njengekhredithi eyodwa kwizikweletu ezitholakalayo — okuyinto amabhuku amaningi e-spredishidi ayenzayo empeleni — kwehlisa imali engenayo futhi kukhulise ukubuyiswa kwenhloko-mali ngasikhathi sinye.