Ukuphathwa komjikelezo wempilo yemali-mboleko

Ukuphathwa komjikelezo wempilo yemali-mboleko yindlela yokuphatha imali-mboleko njengenqubo eyodwa eqhubekayo, kusukela embuzweni wokuqala kuze kufike ekuvalweni kokugcina — isicelo, ukuhlolwa, ukugunyazwa, ukukhishwa kwemali, ukukhokhwa, ukuqashwa, kanye nokugcwaliseka noma ukubuyiswa kwemali — kunokuba iphathwe njengochungechunge lwemisebenzi ehlukene eyenziwa abantu abahlukene ezindaweni ezihlukene.

Leli gama likhona ngoba iningi labaBolekisi alilahlekelwa yimali ngenxa yesinqumo esisodwa esibi. Balahlekelwa yiyo ezikhaleni: imali-mboleko egunyaziwe kodwa engakhishwanga, inkokhelo eqoqiwe kodwa engabhalwanga, umbolekwa osehlulekile izinsuku ezingamashumi amathathu kungabikho muntu okubonayo, nemali-mboleko esisusiwe ezincwadini kodwa esalokhu ibhaliwe njengempahla. Ukuphathwa komjikelezo wempilo yikhono lokuvala lezo zikhala.

Izigaba zomjikelezo wempilo yemali-mboleko

Izigaba ezingezansi ziwuhlelo olujwayelekile. Amagama ayahluka phakathi kwezikhungo, kodwa uhlelo lwazo lwahluka kancane kakhulu.

1. Ukuqalwa kwemali-mboleko. Umbolekwa uyafaka isicelo, kungaba ubuso nobuso, ngesikhulu sasensimini, noma ngesango lombolekwa. Ubuqiniso bomuntu buyaqinisekiswa, amadokhumende e-KYC ayathathwa, futhi isicelo siyahlolwa ukuthi siphelele yini. Yilapha lapho irekhodi ledatha yemali-mboleko lakhiwa khona — futhi noma yini engekho lapha izohlala ingekho impilo yonke yemali-mboleko.

2. Ukuhlolwa kwesikweletu. Umbolekisi uthola ukuthi ingabe umbolekwa uyakwazi yini ukukhokha nokuthi kungenzeka yini ukuthi akhokhe. Lokhu kubandakanya ukuhlolwa kwamandla okukhokha, ukuqinisekiswa kwemali engenayo, izikweletu ezikhona, umlando wokukhokha esikhungweni sakho, kanye nanoma yiluphi ulwazi lwehhovisi lezikweletu olutholakalayo emakethe yakho. Kumali-mboleko yamaqembu, kubandakanya nomlando weqembu ngokwalo.

3. Ukuhlolisiswa nokugunyazwa. Isinqumo sithathwa ngokuya kwenqubomgomo yesikweletu yombolekisi, ngokuvamile ngohlelo lokugunyaza olunamazinga egunya achaziwe — isikhulu sezimali-mboleko esegatsheni siyancoma, umphathi wegatsha uyagunyaza phakathi komkhawulo wakhe, futhi noma yini engaphezu kwalokho iyakhushulelwa phezulu. Umphumela yimali egunyaziwe, inzalo, isikhathi, nohlelo lokukhokha.

4. Amadokhumende nesibambiso. Isivumelwano semali-mboleko siyasayinwa, abaqinisekisi bayabhalwa, futhi noma yisiphi isibambiso siyalinganiswa ngenani futhi sifakwe kurejista yezibambiso. Lapho isibambiso sibhaliswa ngaphandle — isitifiketi sobunikazi, imoto, noma impahla ehambisekayo — ukubhaliswa kumele kuqedwe ngaphambi kokuba imali ikhishwe, hhayi emva kwalokho.

5. Ukukhishwa kwemali. Imali iyakhishwa futhi imali-mboleko iyaqala ukusebenza. Usuku lokukhishwa yilo olubeka uhlelo lokukhokha, ngakho iphutha lapha lishintsha zonke izinsuku zokukhokha ezilandelayo. Yileso futhi isikhathi lapho imali-mboleko ingena khona okokuqala ezincwadini zamabhuku.

6. Ukusebenza nokukhokhwa. Isigaba eside kunazo zonke. Izinkokhelo ziyangena, zabelwe phakathi kwezinhlawulo, izimali zenkonzo, inzalo, nemali eyisisekelo, futhi ibhalansi esele iyashintsha. Izitatimende nezikhumbuzo ziyathunyelwa. Noma yikuphi ukuhlelwa kabusha, ukusethwa kabusha kwesikhathi, noma imali eyengeziwe kwenzeka lapha.

7. Ukuqashwa. Kuhamba kanye nesigaba sokusebenza. Umbolekisi ubheka ubudala bezikweletu ezisalele emuva, ingxenye yemali-mboleko esengozini, nokugxila kwezimali-mboleko ngomkhiqizo, ngegatsha noma ngesikhulu, futhi athathe isinyathelo ezimpawini zokuqala ngaphambi kokuba imali-mboleko ibe yinkinga yokuqoqwa.

8. Ukuqoqwa nokubuyiswa kwemali. Lapho ukukhokha kwehluleka khona. Izikhumbuzo zikhuphuka ziye kucingo, ukuvakasha ensimini, ukuxhumana nabaqinisekisi, izincwadi zesidingo, ukusetshenziswa kwesibambiso, kanye nezinyathelo zomthetho. Imali-mboleko idlula emaqoqweni obudala — izinsuku ezingu-30, ezingu-60, ezingu-90 nangaphezulu — kulindeleke impendulo ehlukile ezingeni ngalinye.

9. Ukuvalwa. Kungenzeka imali-mboleko ikhokhwe iphelele bese ivalwa, noma yisiphi isibambiso sikhululwe, nerekhodi lombolekwa libuyekezwe ukuze kubolekiswe futhi esikhathini esizayo, noma isuswe ezincwadini, kubekelwe imali yayo, bese idluliselwa ekuqoqweni. Yomibili le miphumela ukuvalwa. Munye kuphela omuhle.

Kungani ukudluliselwa kubaluleke ukwedlula izigaba

Isigaba ngasinye ohlwini olungenhla siqondakala kahle sisodwa. Cishe wonke umbolekisi angachaza ukuthi umhlola kanjani umbolekwa noma ukuthi ulandelela kanjani izikweletu ezisalele emuva. Ukwehluleka kwenzeka emahlanganweni.

Imali-mboleko igunyazwa ngoLwesibili bese ikhishwa ngoLwesihlanu, kodwa akekho obuyekeza irekhodi lokugunyazwa, ngakho ukukhishwa kubhalwa ngoLwesibili futhi uhlelo lokukhokha selushiye izinsuku ezintathu. Umbolekwa ukhokha egatsheni, ukhesha akubhale encwadini, bese inkokhelo ifika erekhodini lemali-mboleko ngemva kwesonto — kanti ngaleso sikhathi umbolekwa ubonakala esalele emuva futhi uthola isikhumbuzo asesiphendulile kakade. Isibambiso siyakhululwa lapho imali-mboleko igcwaliseka, kodwa irejista isasibonisa sibanjiwe, ngakho sibekwa njengesibambiso kabili.

Akukho nokukodwa kwalokhu okuyiphutha lesinqumo. Angamaphutha okudlulisela, futhi yilokho kanye ukuphathwa komjikelezo wempilo okwakhelwe ukukuvimbela. Isivivinyo esisebenzayo sokuthi umbolekisi uphatha umjikelezo wempilo noma uphatha izigaba nje silula: uma kushintsha okuthile endaweni ethile yemali-mboleko, ingabe konke okulandelayo kuyazibuyekeza kona ngokwakho, noma kumele kube khona okhumbulayo?

Idatha okumele ihambe nayo

Ukuze umjikelezo wempilo ubambelele ndawonye, irekhodi elilodwa kumele lidlule kuzo zonke izigaba lingabhalwa kabusha. Okungenani:

• Ubuqiniso bombolekwa, imininingwane yokuxhumana, namadokhumende e-KYC
• Imibandela egunyaziwe — imali eyisisekelo, inzalo, izimali zenkonzo, izinhlawulo, isikhathi, nomjikelezo wokukhokha
• Uhlelo lokukhokha njengoba lwabekwa ekuqaleni, kanye nashintsho ngalunye olulandelayo
• Ukuthengiselana ngakunye, nosuku lwako, indlela olwenziwe ngayo, nendlela olwabiwe ngayo
• Isibambiso esibanjiwe, inani laso, nesimo saso samanje
• Umlando ogcwele wezikweletu ezisalele emuva, hhayi isimo samanje kuphela
• Ukuthi ubani ogunyaze ini, nokuthi nini

Lelo qhaza lokugcina yilona elivame ukweqiwa kakhulu futhi elidingeka kakhulu. Umlando wokugunyazwa yilona oguqula imali-mboleko ephikisanwayo ibe yimali-mboleko enamadokhumende, futhi kuyinto yokuqala eceliwa umlawuli noma umcwaningimabhuku.

Ukuphathwa komjikelezo wempilo yemali-mboleko uma kuqhathaniswa namanye amagama

Ukuqalwa kwemali-mboleko kuyingxenye yokuqala kuphela yomjikelezo wempilo — konke kuze kufike ekukhishweni kwemali. Uhlelo lokuqalisa oludlulisela imali-mboleko kuspredishithi ngemva kokukhishwa kwemali lube seluhlanganise ingxenye emfushane nelula kunazo zonke empilweni yemali-mboleko.

Ukusebenzelwa kwemali-mboleko kuyingxenye ephakathi: ukuqoqa nokubhala izinkokhelo, ukusebenzisa inzalo nezinhlawulo, nokukhipha izitatimende. Yilapho imali-mboleko ichitha khona iningi lempilo yayo.

Uhlelo lokuphatha imali-mboleko (LMS) yisigaba sesofthiwe esihlanganisa wonke umjikelezo wempilo endaweni eyodwa. Ukuphathwa komjikelezo wempilo yindlela yokusebenza; i-LMS yithuluzi iningi labaBolekisi elilisebenzisayo ukwenza lokho.

Lapho ababolekisi bebanjwa khona

Isimo esivamile akusikho ukuthi umbolekisi akanalo uhlelo. Ukuthi unezinhlelo ezine.

Izicelo zihlala efayeleni lephepha noma ochungechungeni lwe-WhatsApp. Izimali-mboleko ezigunyaziwe ziya kuspredishithi. Izinkokhelo zibhalwa encwadini yemali kagesi egatsheni ngalinye bese zihlanganiswa ekupheleni kwenyanga. Izikweletu ezisalele emuva zilandelelwa kuspredishithi lesibili umuntu alakha kabusha njalo ngoMsombuluko. Ngayinye yalezi ziyasebenza. Zihlangene, azisebenzi, ngoba akukho okuhlanganiswa ngokwesimanje futhi inombolo ngayinye incike ekutheni umuntu ubuyekeze ingxenye yakhe.

Izimpawu ziyabonakala. Akekho ongasho namuhla ukuthi ingakanani imali-mboleko esalele iyonke ngaphandle kokubuza abantu abathathu. Ukuvala inyanga kuthatha isonto. Amagatsha amabili abika umbolekwa ofanayo ngendlela ehlukene. Inani lezikweletu ezisalele emuva encwadini yebhodi selinenyanga ubudala ngesikhathi lifundwa. Futhi uma imali-mboleko yonakala, ukwakha kabusha okwenzeka kusho ukuthola isikhulu esasiyiphethe — okungenzeka ukuthi asisasebenzi lapho.

Lokhu kuya ngokuba kubi njengoba ukhula, hhayi ngcono. Izimali-mboleko ezingamashumi amane zingagcinwa ekhanda lomuntu oyedwa. Uma sezingamakhulu amane, ikhanda lehluleka buthule, futhi uphawu lokuqala kuba yimali-mboleko esusiwe ezincwadini okwakumele ibanjwe ngosuku lwamashumi amathathu.