Ukuthathwa kwempahla

Ukuthathwa kwempahla kuyisenzo sokuba umbolekisi athathe ukugcinwa ngokoqobo kwempahla eyisibambiso noma eyisihloko sesivumelwano sesikweletu, ngemva kokwehluleka komboleki ukukhokha. Kuyisinyathelo esingaphakathi kokuphoqelelwa — hhayi konke. Ukuthathwa kwempahla kwenziwa ukuze impahla kamuva ikwazi ukulinganiswa inani, idayiswe bese imali etholakalayo isetshenziselwa ukukhokha isikweletu.

Umehluko ubalulekile uma ufunda inqubo yombolekisi yokubuyisa impahla:

• Ukuthathwa kwempahla — Ukuthathwa kwempahla
• Ukuguqulwa kwempahla kube imali — Inqubo ephelele yokuphoqelela: ukuthathwa kwempahla, ukulinganiswa inani, ukudayiswa, ukusetshenziswa kwemali etholakalayo, imali eyeqile noma ukushoda
• Ukudliwa kwendlu — Ezindaweni eziningi zomthetho, ikhambi elithile lesibambiso sendlu phezu kwempahla engaguquki, elihlukile emandleni alula okudayisa (amagama ahluka kakhulu ngokohlelo lwezomthetho).

Isisekelo esingokomthetho: Izimo ezimbili ezihlukene

Ukuthathwa kwempahla kubukeka kufana ekusebenzeni kuzo zombili izimo ezingezansi, kodwa isimo esingokomthetho esiyisisekelo — kanye nezivikelo ezisemthethweni ngokuvamile — kwehluka kakhulu.

Lapho umboleki engumnikazi wempahla

Ngaphansi kwemali ebolekiwe enesibambiso, umboleki uphethe ubunikazi bese umbolekisi ephethe isithakaselo sesibambiso (isibopho, isibambiso noma ilungelo lokubamba). Ukuthathwa kwempahla kuyikhambi lokuphoqelela, elisetshenziswa kuphela uma ukwehluleka ukukhokha sekwenzekile futhi izimo zangaphambili zesivumelwano nezomthetho sezifezekisiwe. Umbolekisi uthatha ukugcinwa kwempahla yomunye umuntu ngaphansi kwegunya elinikezwe isivumelwano sesibambiso nomthetho.

Lapho umbolekisi engumnikazi wempahla

Ngaphansi kokuthenga ngokuqasha, ukuqashiswa kwezimali, noma ukuthengiswa okunemibandela, umxhasi wezimali ugcina ubunikazi kuze kube khona inkokhelo yokugcina. Ikhasimende linokugcinwa nokusetshenziswa, hhayi ubunikazi. Ukubuyisa impahla ngokobuchwepheshe kungukuthi umnikazi ubuyisa izimpahla zakhe kunokuphoqelela isithakaselo sesibambiso.

Lo mehluko unemiphumela ephathekayo:

• Izindawo eziningi zomthetho zisebenzisa imithetho yezimpahla ezivikelwe ekuthengeni ngokuqasha, ezidinga umyalelo wenkantolo uma ikhasimende selikhokhe ingxenye echaziwe yenani eliphelele — ngokuvamile ingxenye yesithathu noma ingxenye yesigamu. Ukuthathwa kwempahla ngaphandle kwalowo myalelo kungenza isivumelwano sinqanyulwe futhi kudinge ukuthi umbolekisi abuyisele izinkokhelo esezikhokhiwe.
• Amalungelo ekhasimende lapho isivumelwano sinqanyulwa — okokubuyisela izimpahla, ukuthola isaphulelo, noma ukuthola isitatimende se-akhawunti — ngokuvamile abekwa umthetho kunokuba abekwe isivumelwano.

Imithetho esebenzayo iyahlukahluka kakhulu ngokwezindawo zomthetho nangomkhiqizo; qinisekisa endaweni yangakini ngaphambi kokuklama inqubo yokuthathwa kabusha kwempahla.

Izindlela Zokuthathwa Kabusha Kwempahla

Ukuzinikela Ngokuzithandela

Obolekayo unikezela ngempahla ngesivumelwano. Lena indlela eshibhile, esheshayo nengalimazi kangako kuzo zombili izinhlangothi: igwema izindleko zama-ejenti, ukuqulwa kwamacala enkantolo kanye nokuwohloka okuhambisana nokuthathwa okuphikiswayo, futhi ngokuvamile kuholela enanini elingcono lokuthengisa.

Inqubo eklanywe kahle yokuqoqwa kwezikweletu inikeza ngenkuthalo ukuzinikela ngokuzithandela njengenketho ngaphambi kokukhuphula izinyathelo. Obolekayo kufanele anikezwe isitatimende esibhaliwe esicacile somphumela okungenzeka wokuthengiswa kanye nokushoda azosala enesibopho sakho, ukuze isinqumo sibe ngokwaziswa kunokuba sicindezelwe.

Ukuzithathela Impahla Ngokwakho

Ukuthatha impahla ngaphandle kwesinqumo senkantolo, lapho umthetho ukuvumela khona. Kuvamile ezimotweni ezindaweni zomthetho ezikuvumelayo, futhi ngokuvamile kungaphansi kwemingcele eqinile:

• Akukho ukwephulwa kokuthula. Umkhawulo ocishe ube khona yonke indawo lapho ukuzithathela kuvunyelwe khona. Ukungena endaweni ekhiyiwe noma enamasango, ukusebenzisa noma ukusabisa ngamandla, ukuthatha impahla noma obolekayo ephikisa ngokomzimba, noma ukubangela ukungqubuzana ngokuvamile kuguqula ukuthathwa kwempahla okusemthethweni kube okungekho emthethweni — okuveza umbolekisi engozini yokulimala, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ekulahlekelweni kwelungelo lokuthola ukushoda.
• Akukho ukumelwa ngamanga kwegunya, futhi akukho ukuzenza izikhulu zomthetho.
• Akukho ukususwa kwempahla ngaphandle kwesivumelwano, kuhlanganise nempahla engaphakathi noma enamathiselwe entweni ethathwayo.

Ukuthathwa Kwempahla Ngomyalo Wenkantolo

Isicelo enkantolo somyalo wokulethwa kwempahla noma ukuthathwa kwayo, bese kusetshenziswa yizikhulu zenkantolo. Kuhamba kancane futhi kuyabiza, kodwa kuwukuphela kwendlela esemthethweni ezindaweni zomthetho ezenqabelayo ukuzithathela, futhi kuyimpoqo ezimeni eziningi zempahla evikelwe.

Ukukhubaza Okukude

Kuya ngokuya kuvamile ekuxhasweni ngezimali kwempahla exhumekile — izimoto ezinobuchwepheshe bokulandelela noma izinqamuli zokuqalisa, amasistimu asekhaya elanga akhokhelwa ngokusetshenziswa, ama-smartphone axhaswayo kanye nemishini yokukhiqiza enezilawuli ezishumekiwe. Oxhasa ngezimali angakhawulela ukusebenza kwempahla ukude uma kungakhokhiwe.

Lokhu akukhona ukuthathwa kabusha kwempahla ngokomqondo wezomthetho: impahla ihlala lapho ikhona. Kuyindlela yokucindezela, futhi kuphakamisa izindaba ezithile:

• Ukudalula. Ikhono lokukhubaza, izimo ezibangela ukukhubaza kanye nenqubo yokubuyisela kufanele kudalulwe ngokucacile ekuqaleni kwesivumelwano, hhayi ukuthi kufihlwe emibandeleni.
• Ukuphepha. Ukukhubazwa kwemoto kufanele kwenzeke kuphela uma imoto imile, hhayi neze uma ihamba.
• Izinsiza ezibalulekile. Ukukhubaza ukukhanya okuwukuphela kokukhanya kwasekhaya noma indlela yobolekayo ewukuphela kwayo yokuxhumana kunemiphumela engaphezu kwengcindezi yokukhokha, futhi izimakethe eziningana sezithuthele ekubeni kudingeke izikhathi zomusa kanye nemikhawulo lapha.
• Isimo sezomthetho. Ukuthi ukukhubaza okukude kusemthethweni yini — nokuthi ngabe kubalwa njengokuthatha impahla, okwenza kuqale ukuvikeleka okusemthethweni okungenhla — akukaqiniseki kwezinye izindawo zomthetho futhi kulawulwa ngokucacile kwezinye.

Inqubo Yokuthathwa Kabusha Kwempahla

1. Ukwehluleka ukukhokha ngaphansi kwesivumelwano, nokuphela kwanoma yisiphi isikhathi sokulungisa esisemthethweni ngokwesivumelwano
2. Isidingo esisemthethweni kanye nesaziso esingokomthetho, esisho izinsalela ezikweletwayo, inani elidingekayo ukuze kulungiswe, umnqamulajuqu, kanye nomphumela
3. Iwindi lokulungisa — ithuba lomboleki lokwenza i-akhawunti ibe yamanje noma avumelane ngenye indlela
4. Umzamo wokuzinikela ngokuzithandela ngaphambi kokukhuphukela
5. Ukuthathwa kwempahla ngendlela evunyelwe
6. Umbiko wohlu lwempahla nesimo sayo, okungcono kube nezithombe futhi kube nofakazi, ngesikhathi sokuthathwa kwempahla
7. Ukubuyiswa kwempahla yomuntu siqu etholakala ngaphakathi noma phezu kwempahla — lokhu akuyona ingxenye yesibambiso futhi kumele kubuyiselwe
8. Isaziso sangemva kokuthathwa kwempahla kumboleki: ukuthi impahla isithathiwe, ukuthi igcinwe kuphi, inani elidingekayo ukuze kukhululwe, umnqamulajuqu wokukhulula, kanye nendlela okuhloswe ngayo ukudayisa
9. Inkathi yokukhulula noma yokubuyisela esimweni, lapho umthetho noma isivumelwano siyihlinzeka khona
10. Ukudayiswa, ukusetshenziswa kwemali etholakele, nokubikela umboleki ngensalela noma ngokusilela — isigaba sokwenza imali

Amalungelo Omboleki

Amalungelo ayehluka ngendawo, kodwa lokhu okulandelayo kwamukelwa kabanzi futhi kufanele kufakwe kunqubomgomo noma ngabe umthetho wendawo uyakugcizelela:

• Isaziso ngaphambi kokuthathwa kwempahla, kanye nesaziso ngemva kwalokho
• Ilungelo lokulungisa noma lokubuyisela esimweni ngokukhokha izinsalela ezisilele nezindleko phakathi kwefasitela elichaziwe
• Ilungelo lokukhulula ngokukhokha ibhalansi ephelele esele kanye nezindleko ngaphambi kokudayiswa
• Ukubuyiswa kwempahla yomuntu siqu etholakala nempahla
• Inani elifanele. Umbolekisi unesibopho sokwenza ngokunakekela okufanele ukuze athole inani elifanele ekudayiseni. Ukudayisa ngenani eliphansi, ikakhulukazi kumuntu ohlobene, kubeka umbolekisi engozini yezimangalo.
• I-akhawunti yokudayiswa — imali etholakele, izindleko zidonsiwe, kanye nensalela noma ukusilela okuphumela, kubhalwe phansi
• Insalela yemali etholakele, okuyimpahla yomboleki futhi engenakugcinwa umbolekisi
• Ukuvikeleka ekuthathweni ngokungekho emthethweni — kuhlanganisa nelungelo lezinxephezelo, futhi kwezinye izinhlelo ukulahlekelwa yilungelo lombolekisi lokufuna ukusilela
• Izimpahla ezikhululiwe. Izindawo eziningi zomthetho zivikela izimpahla zasekhaya eziyisisekelo, amathuluzi omsebenzi, noma indlu eyinhloko ekuthathweni

Ubumnotho Bokuthathwa Kwempahla

Ukuthathwa kwempahla kuyabiza uma kuqhathaniswa nenani lezimpahla eziningi ezixhaswe ngemali, futhi izindleko zivame ukubukelwa phansi ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwekhono lokuboleka.

Uhlu lwezindleko oluyisibonelo — imoto ethathiwe

• Inani lempahla ngesikhathi sokuthathwa: 120,000
• Inkokhelo yomenzeli wokuthathwa kwempahla: (8,000)
• Ukuthutha nokubuyiswa: (3,000)
• Isitoreji, izinsuku ezingama-60: (6,000)
• Ukulungiswa kabusha nokuvuselelwa: (9,000)
• Ikhomishini yendali / yomenzeli: (7,500)
• Izindleko eziphelele zokuthola imali: (33,500)
• Imali eyinsalela: 86,500

Isibonelo kuphela. Izindleko lapha zidla cishe u-28% wenani lempahla ngaphambi kokuba isikweletu sithintwe — futhi lokhu akubandakanyi isikhathi sabasebenzi bangaphakathi, izindleko zomthetho lapho kwakudingeka khona umyalelo wenkantolo, kanye nokwehla kwenani okwenzeka phakathi kokwehluleka ukukhokha nokuthengiswa.

Imiphumela emithathu:

• Ijubane liqhuba inani. Izimpahla ziyehla ngenani, ziyawohloka futhi ngezinye izikhathi zinyamalale phakathi kokwehluleka ukukhokha nokubuyiswa. Iviki ngalinye lokubambezeleka lehlisa imali eyinsalela.
• Ngaphansi komkhawulo wenani, ukuthathwa kwempahla akunanzuzo. Ezimpahleni ezinyakazayo ezinamanani aphansi, izindleko zokubuyisa nokuthengisa zidlula noma yini engenziwa imali. Ukuthatha isibambiso phezu kwalezo zimpahla kubeka izindleko nokucindezeleka kumboleki ngaphandle kwenzuzo kumbolekisi — ukwehluleka okuvamile ekwakhiweni koxhaso lwezimpahla ezincane.
• Isimo lapho kutholwa khona asiqageli. Ukuthathwa kwempahla okuphikiswayo kuvame ukukhiqiza izimpahla ezisesimweni esibi kakhulu kunokuzinikela ngokuzithandela, okuyizizathu eziqondile zezezimali zendlela ethambile.

Izinto Ezicatshangelwayo Ngokusebenza

• Ukuphathwa kwabenzeli. Lapho kusetshenziswa abenzeli bokuthathwa kwempahla bangaphandle, umbolekisi uhlala enesibopho ngokuziphatha kwabo. Izivumelwano kufanele zibophe abenzeli ezindinganisweni zesikhungo, namalungelo okuhlola, futhi izakhiwo zezinkokhelo akufanele ziklomelise ubudlova.
• Imibhalo. Imibiko yesimo ngezithombe, uhlu lwezimpahla olusayiniwe kanye namarekhodi anesitembu sesikhathi ngesikhathi sokuthathwa kwempahla kuvikela ezingxabanweni zakamuva mayelana nesimo nokuqukethwe.
• Ukulandelela impahla. Ukulandelela nge-telematics, i-GPS kanye nangokubhaliswa kuthuthukisa kakhulu amazinga okutholwa kabusha ezimotweni, kodwa kunemibandela yokuvikelwa kwedatha — ukulandelela indawo kudinga isisekelo esisemthethweni kanye nokudalula okucacile.
• Ukugcinwa kanye nomshwalense. Izimpahla ezithathiweyo kufanele zigcinwe ngokuphephile futhi zifakwe umshwalense ngesikhathi sokugcinwa; ukulahleka noma umonakalo okusesandleni kombolekisi kuwumthwalo wombolekisi.
• Isikhathi sokudayisa. Izimpahla ezithathiwe ezihlala isikhathi eside ziwukulahlekelwa okuqondile. Uhlu lwempahla egcekeni kufanele luphathwe ngokuzimisela okufanayo nezigaba zokweqa ukukhokha.

Indlela Yokubalwa Kwezimali

Izimpahla ezithathiwe ngokuvamile zibhalwa ngokwehlukile kuphothifoliyo yemalimboleko, njengezimpahla ezigcinelwe ukudayiswa, ngenani eliphansi phakathi kwenani elisele lesikweletu kanye nenani elifanele kususwa izindleko zokudayisa. Aziyona ingxenye yephothifoliyo ephelele yemalimboleko.

Imali etholakala ekudayisweni isetshenziswa ngokulandelana kwezinkontileka. Noma yikuphi ukushoda kuhlala kungaba isikweletu esingenasibambiso, esibekelwe isibonelelo futhi ekugcineni sicinyiwe uma ukubuyiselwa kungelindelekile ngokunengqondo. Noma yikuphi okusele kuyisibopho esikweletwayo kumboleki, hhayi imali engenayo.

Imiphumela elindelekile yokuthathwa kabusha kwempahla — kususwe izindleko futhi kwehliswe ngenxa yesikhathi — kunikeza ipharamitha yokulahlekelwa okunikezwa ukwehluleka ukukhokha esetshenziswa ekulinganiseni kokulahlekelwa kwesikweletu okulindelekile, futhi kufanele kulungiswe ngokuqhathaniswa namava okubuyisa atholakala ngokoqobo esikhungweni kunokubheka imibiko yokuhlaziya inani.

Izingibe Ezivamile

• Ukuthatha impahla ngaphandle kokufeza izimo eziyisidingo — isaziso, isikhathi sokulungisa, noma umyalelo wenkantolo odingekayo. Ukuthathwa kwempahla okunephutha kuvame ukuchithwa futhi kungaqeda ilungelo lokufuna ukushoda.
• Ukwephulwa kokuthula ngesikhathi sokubuyiswa kwempahla ngokuzenzela, ukuguqula isenzo esisemthethweni sibe esingekho emthethweni.
• Ukungayinaki imingcele yezimpahla ezivikelwe ezivumelwaneni zokuthenga ngesikweletu nokuthengiswa okunemibandela.
• Ukugcina impahla yomuntu siqu etholakala nempahla.
• Ukwehluleka ukulandisa ngokuthengiswa, noma ukugcina imali esele.
• Ukuthatha isibambiso phezu kwezimpahla ezingafanele ukuthathwa kabusha, ngakho ikhambi likhona emaphepheni kodwa alisoze lathethelela ukusetshenziswa.
• Ukuziphatha kwabenzeli okungalawulwa, lapho ukuba sengozini kwesithunzi nangokomthetho kuhlala kumbolekisi.
• Ukuphatha ukuthathwa kabusha kwempahla njengokuphela kwendaba lapho ukushoda kusasele futhi kufanele kulandelwe noma kucinywe.