Izinsalela

Ukubambezeleka kwezinkokhelo kunezincazelo ezimbili ezihlukile kwezezimali, futhi kuvame ukudidaniswa ngoba enye inencazelo embi kanti enye ingathathi hlangothi ngokuphelele.

1. Amanani angakhokhiwe ngesikhathi. Obolekayo "ophuzile" wehlulekile ukukhokha amanani ngesikhathi. Ibhalansi yezikweletu eziphuzile iyisamba esiphelele esingakhokhiwe njengamanje.
2. Inkokhelo ekupheleni kwenkathi. Inkokhelo eyenziwa "ngemuva kwesikhathi" yenziwa ngemuva kwenkathi ehlobene nayo, hhayi ngaphambili. Inzalo ekhokhwa ngemuva kwesikhathi, noma iholo elikhokhwa ekupheleni kwenyanga, akusho ukuthi liphuzile — kumiswe nje ukuthi kukhokhwe ngemuva kokuphela kwenkonzo noma kwesikhathi sokuboleka.

Incazelo yokuqala isho ukuthi kunenkinga. Eyesibili iyindlela evamile yokukhokha futhi ayisho lutho ngokuthi umkhokhi usephuza yini.

Imali engakhokhiwe ngesikhathi (ephuzile)

• Incazelo: Izinkokhelo obekufanele zenziwe kodwa ezingenziwanga
• Kusho ubungozi bokuphutha ukukhokha? Yebo
• Isibonelo: Izitolimende ezintathu eziphuthelwe ezinani eliphelele elingu-3,600
• Okuphambene: Okwamanje, okusesikhathini

Kukhokhwa ngemuva kwesikhathi (isikhathi)

• Incazelo: Izinkokhelo ezifanele ukukhokhwa ekupheleni kwenkathi ehlobene nazo
• Kusho ubungozi bokuphutha ukukhokha? Cha
• Isibonelo: Inzalo kaJanuwari ekhokhiswayo futhi ekhokhwa ngomhla ka-31 Januwari
• Okuphambene: Kukhokhwa kusengaphambili

Incazelo 1: Amanani Aphuzile

Yini Ebumba Ibhalansi Yezikweletu Eziphuzile

Ibhalansi yezikweletu eziphuzile iyisamba sakho konke okuphuzile njengamanje — hhayi ibhalansi eseleyo yemali ebolekiwe.

• Inani eliyinhloko eliphuzile: Ingxenye eyinhloko yezitolimende ezifikele isikhathi sazo sokukhokha kodwa ezingakhokhiwanga
• Inzalo ephuzile: Ingxenye yenzalo yalezo zitolimende
• Izimali zokubambezeleka / izinhlawulo: Izimali ezikhokhiswa ngenxa yezinkokhelo eziphuthelwe, ngaphansi kwanoma yimuphi umkhawulo omiswe ngumthetho
• Ezinye izindleko eziphuzile: Amaphrimiyamu womshwalense, izindleko zokuqoqa noma ezinye izimali lapho isivumelwano sikuvumela khona

Isibonelo Esisetshenzisiwe

Obolekayo uphuthelwe izitolimende ezintathu zanyanga zonke eziyi-1,200 ngayinye. Isitolimende ngasinye siqukethe inani eliyinhloko elingama-800 kanye nenzalo engama-400. Izimali zokubambezeleka ezingama-60 ngenkokhelo ngayinye ephuthelwe zifakiwe.

• Imali eyinhloko ephuzile (3 × 800): 2,400
• Inzalo ephuzile (3 × 400): 1,200
• Izinkokhiso zokubambezeleka (3 × 60): 180
• Isamba semali ephuzile: 3,780
• Isamba esiphelele esisele emalini ebolekiwe: 14,500

Imali ephuzile engu-3,780 ayifani nokuchayeka okuyi-14,500. Isibalo semali ephuzile sisho lokho okuphuzile njengamanje; ibhalansi esele iyisamba esiphelele esisakweletwa, kuhlanganise nezitolimende ezingakafiki isikhathi. Ukuhlanganisa lezi zinto ezimbili kuyiphutha elivame kakhulu uma kusetshenziswa leli gama — futhi yisona sizathu esenza izinga lemali ephuzile libukela phansi ubungozi besikweletu, njengoba kubekwe ngezansi.

Imali Ephuzile, Ukubambezeleka kanye Nezinsuku Ezeqiwe

Amagama amathathu ahlobene achaza izinhlangothi ezahlukene zesimo esisodwa:

• Imali Ephuzile (Inani): Iphendula ukuthi kungakanani okuphuzile?
• Ukubambezeleka (Isimo): Iphendula ukuthi ingabe imali ebolekiwe iphuzile?
• Izinsuku Ezeqiwe / DPD (Isikhathi): Iphendula ukuthi sekunesikhathi esingakanani iphuzile?

Imali ebolekiwe enemali ephuzile engu-3,780, ebambezelekile, enama-DPD angu-85 iyimali ebolekiwe eyodwa echazwa ngezindlela ezintathu. Ukubika kufanele kuhlanganise zontathu, ngoba ngayinye iqhuba izinqumo ezahlukene: inani liqhuba okuhlosiwe kokubuyiswa, isimo siqhuba ukuhlukaniswa, kanti ubudala buqhuba isu lokusingatha.

Izinga Lemali Ephuzile nokuthi Kungani Lidukisa

Izinga lemali ephuzile = Isamba semali ephuzile / Iphothifoliyo ephelele yemali ebolekiwe × 100

Lesi silinganiso siyazwakala futhi sicashunwa kabanzi, kanti futhi silibukela phansi ngendlela ehlelekile ubungozi besikweletu — ngokuvamile ngokuphindwe kane noma kahlanu.

Isizathu silandela ngqo esibonelweni esingenhla. Ukubala kuphela imali ephuzile engu-3,780 kuthatha imali esele eyi-10,720 kuleyo mali ebolekiwe njengempilo, kanti empeleni ukwehluleka komboleki ukukhokha kubeka ibhalansi yonke engcupheni. Iphothifoliyo esengcupheni, elibala ibhalansi ephelele esele yanoma iyiphi imali ebolekiwe enemali ephuzile, iyinkambiso evamile ngoba nje igwema lokhu kuhlanekezela.

Sebenzisa isibalo semali ephuzile kulokho esikwenza kahle — ukulinganisa okuhlosiwe kokuqoqa ngokushesha nokulandelela ukuhamba kwamanani aphuzile — bese usebenzisa i-PAR ekubikeni kwekhwalithi yesikweletu.

Ukuphatha Ibhalansi Yemali Ephuzile

Ukwabiwa kwezinkokhelo. Uma kufika inkokhelo engaphelele, indlela yokwaba ngokulandelana inquma ukuthi ikuphi okusulayo — izinkokhiso, bese inzalo, bese imali eyinhloko, noma imali ephuzile endala kuqala, kuye ngesivumelwano nenqubomgomo. Lokhu kunquma kokubili ibhalansi yemali ephuzile esele kanye ne-DPD ebikiwe, ngakho-ke umgudu wokwaba kufanele uchazwe futhi usetshenziswe ngendlela engaguquki.

Izaziso zemali ephuzile. Izindawo eziningi zomthetho zidinga ukuthi ababolekisi bazise ababoleki ngemali ephuzile phakathi nesikhathi esibekiwe, besho inani eliphuzile, ukuthi libalwe kanjani, izinkokhiso ezisetshenzisiwe kanye nemiphumela yokungakhokhi. Izidingo ziyahlukahluka futhi kufanele ziqinisekiswe endaweni yangakini.

Inzalo yokungakhokhi kanye nemikhawulo yezinhlawulo. Izindleko ezifakwa ezikweletini ezingakhokhiwe zivame ukukhawulelwa ngumthetho, futhi kwezinye izindawo izindleko eziphelele zingeqi umphindaphindo wemali eyinhloko. Ukufaka izinhlawulo ezikhulisayo ebhalansi esivele ingakwazi ukuyikhokha kuyingcuphe yokuziphatha futhi ngokuvamile kuphazamisa ukubuyiswa kwemali.

Ukukhapitalizwa kwezikweletu ezingakhokhiwe. Lapho kuhlelwa kabusha, izikweletu ezingakhokhiwe eziqoqekile zingangezwa enanini eliyinhloko bese zihlelwa kabusha ngohlelo olusha lwezikhathi zokukhokha. Lokhu kususa ibhalansi yezikweletu ezingakhokhiwe futhi kuqala kabusha izinsuku ezeqile — yingakho ukukhapitalizwa kumele kuhlukaniswe njengokuhlelwa kabusha kwesimo esicindezelwe kunokuba kuthathwe njengokulungisa. Isibopho esiphelele somboleki siyakhula, futhi isigaba sobungozi semalimboleko akufanele sibe ngcono ngoba nje umugqa wezikweletu ezingakhokhiwe usungenalutho.

Ukusheshisa. Iningi lezivumelwano zemalimboleko livumela umbolekisi, ngemva kwesikhathi esinqunyiwe sokungakhokhi, ukuthi amemezele ukuthi yonke ibhalansi eseleyo kufanele ikhokhwe ngokushesha. Ukusheshisa kuguqula isibalo sezikweletu ezingakhokhiwe sibe ukuchayeka okuphelele, futhi ngokuvamile kuyisandulela sokuphoqelelwa kwesivumelwano.

Incazelo 2: Ukukhokhwa Ngemva Kwesikhathi

Ukuthi Kusho Ukuthini "Ukukhokhwa Ngemva Kwesikhathi"

Inkokhelo eyenziwa ngemva kwesikhathi kufanele ikhokhwe ekupheleni kwenkathi ehlobene nayo. Inkokhelo eyenziwa kusengaphambili kufanele ikhokhwe ekuqaleni.

Izibonelo ezivamile:

• Inzalo ekhokhwa ngemva kwesikhathi — inzalo yenkathi ethile ikhokhiswa futhi kufanele ikhokhwe ekupheleni kwaleyo nkathi. Lokhu kuyindlela evamile emalimbolekweni esikhathi esinqunyiwe.
• Umholo okhokhwa ngemva kwesikhathi — okhokhwa ekupheleni kwenyanga ngenyanga osanda kuyisebenzela.
• Irenti ekhokhwa kusengaphambili — indlela evame kakhulu ngerenti, ekhokhwa ekuqaleni kwenkathi okuhlalwa kuyo.
• Amadividendi namakhuphoni — ngokuvamile akhokhwa ngemva kwesikhathi ngenkathi eqoqiwe.

Akukho kulokhu okusho ukubambezeleka. Umboleki okhokha inzalo ngemva kwesikhathi ngosuku olufanele usesimweni esifanele ngokuphelele.

Kungani Kubalulekile Entengweni Yemalimboleko

Indlela yokubeka isikhathi ithinta izindleko ezingempela zemalimboleko, ngisho noma izinga elibekiwe lifana.

I- annuity ejwayelekile (izinkokhelo ngemva kwesikhathi) inokhokhelo ngayinye efika ekupheleni kwenkathi ngayinye. I- annuity due (izinkokhelo kusengaphambili) inokhokhelo ngayinye efika ekuqaleni. Ngenxa yokuthi izinkokhelo ezenziwa kusengaphambili zamukelwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi, umbolekisi ubamba imali yomboleki isikhathi eside, futhi izinga lenzalo elisebenzayo ohlelweni lokukhokha kusengaphambili liphezulu kunasohlelweni lokukhokha ngemva kwesikhathi ngezinga elibekiwe elifanayo.

Lokhu kuwumthombo oqhubekayo wokungabonakali kwentengo ekubolekisweni kwemalimboleko emincane, lapho inkokhelo yokuqala eqoqwa ngesikhathi sokukhishwa kwemali, noma inkokhelo edonswa kusengaphambili, kuphakamisa kakhulu izinga elisebenzayo ngaphezu kwezinga elibekiwe elishiwo. Ukudalulwa kwentengo okusobala — izinga lenzalo elisebenzayo noma isamba sezindleko zekhredithi ezibalwa ngokugeleza kwemali kwangempela — yikho okwenza kokubili kuqhathaniseke.

Umgomo ofanayo usebenza enzalo yesaphulelo, lapho inzalo idonswa ekukhishweni kwemali kunokuba iqoqwe phakathi nesikhathi sokuboleka. Umboleki uthola imali encane kunesamba esibhalwe phambili kuyilapho ekhokha isamba esigcwele, okuphakamisa izinga elisebenzayo kakhulu ngaphezu kwalelo elishiwo.

Amaphutha Avamile

• Ukudida izinsalela ezisilele nebhalansi eseleyo: Izinsalela ezisilele yilokho osekweqiwe yisikhathi manje; ibhalansi eseleyo ihlanganisa izitolimende ezingakafiki isikhathi sokukhokha.
• Ukucaphuna izinga lezinsalela ezisilele njengesilinganiso sekhwalithi yesikweletu: Kubukela phansi ubungozi kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa ne-PAR.
• Ukuphatha ukukhapitalizwa njengekhambi: Ukuhlanganisa izinsalela ezisilele nesikweleti esiyinhloko kususa izinsalela ezisilele ngaphandle kokuthuthukisa isimo somboleki, futhi kusetha kabusha i-DPD.
• Ukucabanga ukuthi "in arrears" kusho ukuthi sekwephuzile: Esimeni sentengo noma samaholo kuchaza isikhathi, hhayi ukweqa isikhathi sokukhokha.
• Ukungayinaki indlela yokwabiwa kwemali: Lapho indlela yokwabiwa ngokulandelana ikhokha izinkokhiso kuqala, imali ingase yamukelwe kanti ibhalansi yezinsalela ezisilele ezitolimendeni ayinyakazi kakhulu.
• Ukuqhathanisa amazinga ezinzalo abekiwe phakathi kwezikhathi zokukhokha ezahlukene: Amashejuli wokukhokha ngaphambili nangemuva kwesikhathi ngezinga elifanayo lezinzalo elibekiwe akukhona ukubiza okulinganayo.
• Ukuvumela izinkokhiso zenhlawulo zande ngenzalo: Ibhalansi yezinsalela ezisilele ekhuliswe yizinkokhiso ivamise ukungabuyiseki, okuguqula inkinga yokuqoqa ibe ukusulwa kwesikweletu.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Ingabe ukuba sezinsaleleni ezisilele kuyafana nokuba sesimweni sokwehluleka ukukhokha?

Cha. Izinsalela ezisilele ziqala ngokuphuthelwa yinkokhelo yokuqala. Ukwehluleka ukukhokha kuwukweqa umkhawulo obekiwe — ngokuvamile izinsuku ezingama-90 ngemva kosuku lokukhokha — lapho imiphumela ethile yesivumelwano neyokubalwa kwezimali isebenza khona.