Irejista yezibambiso

Irejista yesibambiso iyirekhodi eliqoqwe ndawonye lazo zonke izimpahla ezifakwe njengesibambiso esivikela imalimboleko, kanye nolwazi oludingekayo ukuze zihlonzwe, zinikezwe inani, zigadwe, zikhululwe noma zidayiswe leyo mpahla. Ixhuma into ngayinye yesibambiso kumboleki oyinikelayo, ku-akhawunti yemalimboleko evikelwayo, enanini layo elihloliwe, esimweni sayo sezomthetho kanye nesimo sayo esingokomzimba samanje.

Irejista iphendula imibuzo emine noma ngasiphi isikhathi: yini efakwe njengesibambiso, ngubani oyifakile njengesibambiso, yikuphi ukuchayeka okuvikelayo, nokuthi inani layo lingakanani namuhla. Umbolekisi ongakwazi ukuphendula leyo mibuzo emine lapho kudingeka akanayo irejista yesibambiso — unekhabhinethi yamafayela kuphela.

Okuqukethwe yirejista yesibambiso

Izinkambu eziqondile ziyehluka kuye ngombolekisi nangohlobo lwesibambiso esithathiwe, kodwa irejista ephelele iqopha lokhu okulandelayo ngempahla ngayinye efakwe njengesibambiso:

• I-ID yesibambiso eyingqayizivele — Ivumela impahla ukuthi ibhekwe kuwo wonke amasistimu nasemibikweni.
• Imininingwane yomboleki nomqinisekisi — Ibonisa ukuthi ngubani onobunikazi nokuthi ngubani ofake impahla njengesibambiso.
• I-akhawunti yemalimboleko exhumene — Ibonisa ukuthi yikuphi ukuchayeka okuvikelwa yimpahla.
• Uhlobo nencazelo yempahla — Ihlukanisa isigaba esithile sempahla (isib. imoto, itayitela lobunikazi, idiphozithi eligxilile).
• Izimpawu zokuhlonza — Inombolo yomkhiqizo, ye-chassis, yenjini, yesiza noma iphasela, noma inombolo yesitifiketi samasheya.
• Imibhalo yobunikazi kanye namathayitela — Ubufakazi bokuthi ofaka impahla njengesibambiso angakwazi ngokomthetho ukuyinikezela.
• Inani elihloliwe nosuku lokuhlolwa kwenani — Inani eliyisisekelo lezinqumo zokubolekisa.
• Igama lomhloli kanye nendlela — Kusekela ukuhloleka nokuphikiswa kwesibalo senani.
• Isaphulelo esisetshenzisiwe — Isaphulelo esithathiwe kunani lezimakethe.
• Isilinganiso semalimboleko enanini (LTV) ngesikhathi sokuqalisa — Ilinganisa izinga lokuphepha kwesibambiso ngesikhathi sokukhishwa kwemali.
• Isimo sokuqinisekiswa — Ibonisa ukuthi ngabe isithakazelo sesibambiso sibhalisiwe noma sifayiliwe.
• Ipholisi yomshwalense, inkampani yomshwalense, kanye nokuphelelwa yisikhathi — Iqinisekisa ukuvikelwa kwenani lempahla phakathi nesikhathi semalimboleko.
• Indawo ebonakalayo noma ukugcinwa — Lapho impahla noma imibhalo yayo yobunikazi igcinwa khona.
• Umlando wokuhlolwa — Ubufakazi bokuthi impahla ikhona futhi isalungile.
• Isimo — Ilandelela ukuthi impahla ibekwe njengesibambiso, ishintshiwe, ikhululwe ngokwengxenye, ikhululwe, isenqubweni yokudayiswa, noma ilahliwe.
• Irekhodi lokukhululwa noma lokulahlwa — Ivala umjikelezo lapho imalimboleko ikhokhiwe noma impahla isidayisiwe.

Inkambu yesimo iyona evame ukunganakwa kakhulu futhi iyona abacwaningi bamabhuku abayihlola kuqala. Irejista ehlala ingeza amarekhodi kuphela, futhi ingakaze iwamake ukuthi akhululwe, izokwenza isimo sokuvikeleka somabolekisi sibonakale sikhulu kabi phakathi nonyaka owodwa.

Irejista yesibambiso kuqhathaniswa nerejista yomphakathi yezibambiso

Lawa magama amabili avame ukudidaniswa, futhi umehluko wawo ubalulekile ngokomthetho.

Irejista yesibambiso ingaphakathi. Yirekhodi yokusebenza yombolekisi uqobo, egcinelwe ukulawulwa kwezikweletu, ukuqapha iphothifoliyo kanye nokucwaningwa kwamabhuku. Akunawo umthelela kubantu besithathu.

Irejista yomphakathi yezibambiso ingaphandle futhi ngokuvamile isemthethweni. Iwuhlelo lokufayila lomphakathi — oluvame ukuqhutshwa yirejista yezinkampani, isiphathimandla sezomhlaba noma ibhange elikhulu — lapho isithakaselo sokuvikeleka sibhalwa khona ukuze umhlaba wonke waziswe ngaso. Ukufayila kurejista yomphakathi yikhona okusungula ukuhamba phambili phezu kwabanye ababolekisi abancintisanayo futhi kuqedela lokho abameli abakubiza ngokuthi ukupheleliswa kwesithakaselo sokuvikeleka.

Kulandela amagagasi okuguqulwa kwezivumelwano ezinezibambiso, izindawo eziningi zomthetho manje zisebenzisa amarejista e-elektroniki asekelwe ezazisweni aqondene nempahla egudlukayo, okuvumela ababolekisi ukuthi bathathe isibambiso phezu kwezimoto, imishini, imfuyo, isitoko kanye izimali ezisalindelekile esikhundleni somhlaba kuphela. Lokhu kwandise isisekelo sezibambiso esitholakalayo emabhizinisini amancane angenawo umqulu wobunikazi bomhlaba.

Umphumela ongokoqobo: impahla ingase ivele kurejista yangaphakathi yombolekisi kodwa ingabi nasibambiso ngokomthetho uma ukufayila okuhambisanayo komphakathi kungakaze kwenziwe. Ngakho-ke irejista yangaphakathi eklanywe kahle iba nenombolo yereferensi yokufayila nosuku lokufayila njengezinkambu eziyimfuneko, hhayi ezingakhethwa.

Izinhlobo zezibambiso ezivame ukurekhodwa

• Impahla engagudluki — umhlaba, izakhiwo zokuhlala nezasemabhizinisini, ezirekhodwa ngetayitela noma ngenombolo yephaseli.
• Izimoto nemishini — ziqoshwa ngenombolo ye-chassis, yenjini neyokubhalisa, ngokuvamile kube nesibopho esibhaliwe embhalweni wobunikazi.
• Isibambiso sezezimali — amadiphozithi agxilile, ama-akhawunti okumboza ngokheshi, amasheya, amabhondi, amapholisi omshwalense wempilo anenani lokurhoxa elidluliselwayo.
• Izitoko nezimali ezilindelekile — izibopho ezintantayo phezu kwezitoko noma ukudluliswa kwesikweletu esisencwadini, okudinga ukubalwa kabusha kaningi kunezimpahla ezingagudluki.
• Izimpahla zezolimo — imfuyo, izitshalo ezisezinsimini, amaresidi asendlini yokugcina impahla, imishini yokunisela.
• Izimpahla ezinyakazayo zasendlini nezebhizinisi — ifenisha, amathuluzi, amajeneretha, imishini yasesaluni noma yendawo yokusebenzela, okuvamile ekubolekiseni ngemali encane.
• Iziqinisekiso zomuntu siqu nezeqembu lesithathu — akuzona izimpahla, kodwa ngokuvamile kugcinwa kule rejista efanayo ukuze ukwesekwa okuphelele kwesikweletu kubonakale endaweni eyodwa.

Kungani ababolekisi begcina irejista yezibambiso

Ukunciphisa ubungozi besikweletu. Irejista iyisisekelo sobufakazi besimo sesibambiso emuva kwephothifoliyo. Ngaphandle kwayo, ukuchayeka okunesibambiso kuyisimangalo nje kunokuba kube isibalo esilinganisiwe.

Ukuhlinzekela. Ngaphansi kwezinhlaka eziningi zokuwohloka kwenani, inani elibuyisekayo lemali mboleko embi lincike enanini lesibambiso esiphethwe ngokumelene nayo. Izibalo zokuhlinzekela ukulahleka kwemali mboleko zithathwa ngqo emininingwaneni yerejista, ngakho ukulinganisa okuphelelwe yisikhathi kungena ngqo esibonelelweni esingashiwongo kahle.

Ukubika ngokomthetho. Imihlahlandlela yokuqaphela izimali ngokuvamile ifuna ababolekisi babike ukuchayeka okunesibambiso kuqhathaniswa nokuchayeka okungenasibambiso, ukugxila kwezibambiso kanye nokufaneleka kwezinhlobo zezibambiso. Abalawuli balindele ukuthi lokho kubika kuqhathaniseke nerejista egcinwe kahle.

Ukubuyiselwa nokuphoqelelwa. Uma umboleki ehluleka ukukhokha imali-mboleko, ijubane lokubuyisa lincike ekwazini ngokushesha ukuthi yini engabanjwa noma idayiswe, ukuthi ngabe isithakazelo sesibambiso sasiqinisekisiwe ngokomthetho, ngabe umshwalense usesesikhathini nokuthi amadokhumenti agcinwe kuphi.

Ukuvimbela ukubekwa isibambiso kabili. Impahla eyodwa ebekwe isibambiso ngokumelene nemali mboleko embalwa, kungaba ukukhwabanisa komboleki noma iphutha langaphakathi, kuwumthombo ojwayelekile wokulahleka. Irejista enezihlonzi eziyingqayizivele zempahla nomsebenzi wokucinga yenza ukubekwa kabili kubonakale ngaphambi kokukhishwa kwemali kunokuba kube ngemva kokwehluleka ukukhokha.

Ukuziphendulela ngokugcinwa. Amatayitela omhlaba wangempela, amalogbhuku ezimoto kanye nezitifiketi zamasheya empeleni afana namadokhumenti omnikazi. Irejista yakha uchungechunge lokugcinwa nomuntu oqanjwe igama ukuba aphethe idokhumenti ngayinye.

Izinkomba eziyinhloko ezitholakala erejista

Loan-to-value (LTV) — isamba semali mboleko sihlukaniswa ngenani lesibambiso elihloliwe, sivezwa njengephesenti. I-LTV ephansi isho umqamelo omkhulu ekuvikeleni ukwehla kwenani.

Isinciphiso — isaphulelo esisetshenziswa enanini lemakethe ngaphambi kokuba sithathwe njengesibambiso. Ukumboza ngemali kungase kungabi nasinciphiso; imishini ekhethekile esetshenzisiwe ingase incishiswe ngamaphesenti angu-50 noma ngaphezulu.

Isilinganiso sokumbozwa yisibambiso — inani eliphelele lesibambiso elincishisiwe lihlukaniswa ngesamba sokuchayeka okungakakhokhwa. Fundwa ezingeni lephothifoliyo, kukhombisa ukuthi ngabe isibambiso sihambisane yini nokukhula kwamabhuku.

Ukwehlukaniswa kokuchayeka okunesibambiso nokungenasibambiso — ingxenye yephothifoliyo esekelwa isibambiso esibhalisiwe nesipheleliswe ngokusemthethweni.

Ukugxila kwesibambiso — ukuchayeka okuhlukaniswa ngezinhlobo zempahla, ngendawo noma ngomhloli wamanani. Ukugxila okukhulu esigabeni esisodwa sempahla kusho ukuthi ukushaqeka kwemakethe okukodwa kungashintsha kakhulu isilinganiso sokumboza.

Umjikelezo wempilo yesibambiso

1. Ukwamukelwa — impahla iyakhonjwa, ubunikazi buyiqinisekiswa, futhi imibhalo iqoqwa ngesikhathi sokusungulwa kwemalimboleko.
2. Ukulinganiswa kwenani — kwenziwa ukulinganiswa kwenani okuzimele noma kwangaphakathi bese isaphulelo siyasetshenziswa.
3. Ukupheleliswa kwesibambiso — isithakazelo sesibambiso sifakwa kurejista yomphakathi efanele futhi ireferensi iyarekhodwa.
4. Ukugcinwa — imibhalo yoqobo iyafakwa futhi irekhodwa; indawo yempahla iyarekhodwa.
5. Ukuqapha — ukuhlolwa ngezikhathi ezithile, ukuhlolwa kokuvuselelwa komshwalense nokulinganiswa kabusha kwenani, imvamisa ihambisana nokuthi isigaba sempahla sishintshashintsha kangakanani.
6. Ukushintshwa noma ukukhululwa okuyingxenye — njengoba inhloko ikhokhwa, esinye isibambiso singase sikhululwe, futhi irejista kufanele ibonise isimo esincishisiwe.
7. Ukukhululwa — uma sekukhokhwe ngokuphelele, imibhalo iyabuyiselwa, ifayela lomphakathi liyakhanselwa, futhi irekhodi livalwa nosuku negosa eligunyazayo.
8. Ukuthengiswa kwempahla — uma kukhona ukwehluleka ukukhokha, impahla iyabanjwa futhi ithengiswe, bese imali etholiwe irekhodwa ngokumelene nemalimboleko.

Ubuthakathaka obuvamile bamarejista ezibambiso

• Ukulinganiswa kwenani okungakaze kuvuselelwe, okushiya isibalo seminyaka emihlanu ubudala siqhuba ukubekelwa kwezimali kwanamuhla.
• Umshwalense ongekho noma ophelelwe yisikhathi ezimpahleni eziserekhodwe ngenani eligcwele.
• Amarekhodi abhalwe ukuthi anikeziwe njengesibambiso isikhathi eside ngemva kokuba imalimboleko eyisisekelo isikhokhiwe futhi imibhalo ibuyisiwe.
• Izincazelo zempahla ezibhalwe ngokukhululeka ezingenayo inombolo ye-serial noma yephasela, okwenza izibambiso eziphindwe kabili zingatholakali.
• Amafayela okupheleliswa afakwayo kodwa angakaze avuselelwe, ngakho ilungelo lokuhamba phambili liphelelwa yisikhathi buthule.
• Amarejista agcinwe kumaspredishithi emishinini yamagosa ngamanye, ngaphandle kokulawulwa kwenguqulo futhi kungekho mkhondo wokucwaninga wokuthi ubani oshintshe ukulinganiswa kwenani.
• Akukho ukuvumelanisa phakathi kwerejista nokugcinwa kwemibhalo ephathekayo, ngakho ukushoda kubonakala kuphela ngesikhathi sokuphoqelela.

Okulindelekile ngokuhlolwa kwamabhuku nokulawula

Abahloli bamabhuku bangaphandle nabaqondisi ngokuvamile balindele ukuthi irejista ivumelane nebhuku lemali mboleko, ukuthi izinguquko ekulinganisweni zibhalwa ngomsebenzisi nesikhathi, ukuthi ukugcinwa kwemibhalo kubalwa ngezikhathi ezithile kuqhathaniswa nerekhodi, nokuthi ukukhululwa kwesibambiso kudinga ukugunyazwa okuhlukile kumphathi owasungula imali mboleko. Ukwehlukaniswa phakathi komuntu olinganisela isibambiso nomuntu ogunyaza isikweletu kuwukulawula okujwayelekile.

Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa

Kangaki isibambiso kufanele silinganiswe kabusha? Imvamisa kufanele ihambisane nokuguquguquka. Isibambiso esisekelwe ukheshi sidinga ukulinganiswa kabusha okuncane; izindlu nomhlaba ngokuvamile kuyalinganiswa kabusha njalo ngonyaka owodwa kuya kwemithathu; isitoko nezimali ezilindelekile zingadinga ukubuyekezwa njalo ngenyanga noma ngekota.

Kwenzekani ngerejista lapho imali mboleko isulwa khona? Ukusulwa kuyisenzo sokubhala amabhuku, hhayi ukukhululwa okungokomthetho. Isibambiso ngokuvamile sihlala sisebenza ngokomthetho, ngakho irekhodi kufanele lihlale livulekile futhi limakwe njengoba lisekuphathweni kokubuyiselwa kunokuba livalwe.

Ingabe impahla eyodwa ingaba isibambiso sezimali mboleko eziningana? Yebo, lapho inani likusekela futhi izinga lokuhleleka kwebango ngasinye kubhalwa ngokucacile. Irejista kufanele ibonise konke ukuchayeka okuxhumene ukuze i-LTV ehlanganisiwe ngokumelene nempahla ibonakale.