Ukuhlolwa kwemalimboleko

Ukuhlolwa kwemalimboleko ukuhlaziya okuhleliwe okwenziwa umbolekisi esicelweni semalimboleko ukuze kutholakale ukuthi umbolekwa angakwazi yini ukukhokha, ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukuthi akhokhe, nokuthi imalimboleko kufanele ibe nenani elingakanani, isikhathi esingakanani kanye nesibambiso esinjani. Kuveza isincomo; akenzi isinqumo.

Ukuhlola kuphakathi kwesicelo nokugunyazwa. Konke okwandulela lokho ukuqoqwa — amafomu, imibhalo, ukuhlonza. Konke okulandela lokho ukugunyazwa. Ukuhlola yingxenye lapho ubufakazi buguqulwa bube isahlulelo, futhi yilona phuzu lapho ukusebenza okuningi kwebhuku lezimalimboleko ekugcineni kunqunywa khona. Imalimboleko obekungafanele ibhalwe nhlobo ayikwazi ukunakekelwa noma ukubuyiselwa esimweni esihle.

Umphumela isincomo esibhaliwe, esivame ukubizwa ngombiko wokuhlola noma imemo yesikweletu, esihlanganisa inani eliphakanyisiwe, isikhathi, isakhiwo sokukhokha, intengo, isibambiso kanye nemibandela, kanye nesizathu nobufakazi obusekela lokho. Umuntu osilungisayo ngokuvamile akayena umuntu osigunyazayo.

Ukuhlolwa kwemalimboleko, hhayi ukuhlolwa kwempahla.

Leli gama linezincazelo ezimbili, futhi imiphumela yokusesha yalo iyazihlanganisa ngokukhululeka.

• Ukuhlolwa kwemalimboleko, njengoba kusetshenziswa lapha nakuyo yonke i-microfinance, ezezimali zentuthuko kanye nenkambiso eminingi yokubolekisa ye-Commonwealth, kusho ukuhlolwa kwesikweletu — ukuhlola umbolekwa nesiphakamiso.
• I-appraisal ekusetshenzisweni kwe-mortgage yaseNyakatho Melika ngokuvamile lisho ukulinganiswa kwendawo, okwenziwa umhloli onelayisensi ukuze kutholakale isibalo esilawula isilinganiso semalimboleko nenani lendawo.

Okwesibili kungenye yezinto ezisetshenziswa kokokuqala. Ukulinganiswa kukutshela ukuthi isibambiso sibiza malini; akusho lutho ngokuthi umbolekwa angakwazi yini ukukhokha. Lapho imibhalo isetshenziswa ezimakethe ezahlukene, ukubhala ngokucacile "ukuhlolwa kwesikweletu" noma "ukulinganiswa kwesibambiso" kususa ukungaqondakali ngokuphelele.

Amagama ahlobene anezincazelo ezigqagqene:

• Ukuhlolwa kwemalimboleko — Ukuhlaziya konke: umbolekwa, isiphakamiso, isibambiso, isincomo.
• Ukuhlolwa kwesikweletu — Into efanayo; kungasetshenziswa ngokushintshana ezikhungweni eziningi.
• I-underwriting — Umsebenzi ofanayo, ovame kakhulu emabhange nasekubolekiseni abathengi; ngokuvamile kusikisela inqubo eqhutshwa imithetho kakhulu.
• Ukuhlaziywa kwesikweletu — Ingxenye yokuhlaziya, ikakhulukazi izitatimende zezimali nokugeleza kwemali.
• Due diligence — Ukuqinisekisa okubanzi, okuvamile kwezezimali zebhizinisi neprojekthi.

Indawo yokuhlola ekuqalisweni kwemalimboleko

1. Uphenyo nokuhlunga — ingabe lo mbolekwa nale nhloso kuvunyelwe yinqubomgomo nhlobo?
2. Isicelo nokuqoqwa kwemibhalo — ubunikazi, ubufakazi bemali engenayo, amarekhodi ebhizinisi, imibhalo yesibambiso.
3. Ukuqinisekisa kanye ne-KYC — ukuqinisekisa ukuthi imibhalo nomuntu bangempela.
4. Ukuhlola — ukuvakashela indawo, ukuhlaziywa kokugeleza kwemali, umlando wesikweletu, ukuhlolwa kwesibambiso, isincomo esibhaliwe.
5. Ukugunyazwa — isiphathimandla esihlukile siyasamukela, siyasishintsha noma siyasenqaba isincomo.
6. Ukunikezwa, ukwamukelwa kanye nemibhalo — imigomo iyakhishwa bese izivumelwano ziyasayinwa.
7. Ukukhishwa kwemali.

Izinyathelo 4 no-5 kufanele zigcinwe zihlukene. Lapho umuntu ohlolayo egunyaza futhi, akukho sahlulelo sesibili ohlelweni, futhi lonke ulawulo luncike ezisuseni zomuntu oyedwa. Bheka ukuhamba komsebenzi wokugunyaza ukuze ubone ukuthi lokho kuhlukaniswa kwakhiwe kanjani ngokuvamile.

Ama-C amahlanu esikweletu

Uhlaka olujwayelekile lwalokho okubhekwa lapho kuhlolwa isicelo. Ludala, luyindlela yokukhumbula hhayi imodeli, futhi lusalokhu kuwuhlu lokuhlola oluwusizo kakhulu ekubolekiseni ngoba i-C ngayinye yehluleka ngendlela ehlukile.

• Isimilo (Ingabe bazokhokha?) — Umbiko wehhovisi lezikweletu, umlando wokukhokha wangaphakathi, izincomo, abahlinzeki bezohwebo, isithunzi emphakathini, nobude besikhathi ebhizinisini.
• Ikhono (Ingabe bangakwazi ukukhokha?) — Imali engenayo eqinisekisiwe, ukugeleza kwemali kwebhizinisi, izibopho ezikhona, isilinganiso sokukhokha isikweletu.
• Inkunzi (Yini abafaka engcupheni?) — Umnikelo wabo, ingxenye yabo yebhizinisi, imali eyongiwe, inzuzo egciniwe.
• Isibambiso (Yini okungasetshenziswa uma kuhluleka?) — Isibambiso esinikezwayo, ubunikazi, ukulinganiswa kwenani, ukuphoqeleleka, i-LTV.
• Izimo (Yini engashintsha?) — Ukubukeka komkhakha, isimo sonyaka, ukuncintisana, imithethonqubo, inhloso yesikweletu ngokwaso.

Ikhono liyisisekelo esiyinhloko sokubolekisa. Isibambiso singesesibili. Ukuhlola okuvuma ngesibambiso kuphela akukhona ukuhlola — kuyisinqumo sokuthi kubuyiselwe ngempoqo, okuyinto ehamba kancane, ebizayo futhi engatholakala ngokwengxenye kuphela.

Ukuhlola ibhizinisi elingenazo izitatimende zezimali

Iningi lababoleki kwezemali ezincane nasekubolekiseni amabhizinisi amancane alinawo ama-akhawunti ahloliwe, ngokuvamile awanawo nhlobo ama-akhawunti. Ukuhlola akwehlisi izinga ngenxa yalokho; kushintsha indlela. Isikhulu sesikweletu sakha isithombe sezimali ngesikhathi sokuvakasha kunokufunda esivele sikhona.

Yakha kabusha ukugeleza kwemali ngokubonayo. Ukuthengisa kwansuku zonke noma kwamasonto onke kubuzwa ngezindlela eziningana ezahlukene bese kuqhathaniswa. Imvamisa yokuthenga nosayizi ovamile we-oda. Amagama abahlinzeki nemibandela. Isitoko sibalwa futhi sinikezwa inani ngaleso sikhathi. Imajini ithathwa ezintengweni zangempela zokuthenga nokudayisa emikhiqizweni eyinhloko, hhayi kulokho umboleki akushoyo ukuthi imajini iyini.

Phatha ikhaya nebhizinisi njengeyunithi eyodwa. Ebhizinisini elincane ziyisikhwama esisodwa. Izimali zesikole, irenti, ukudla nezindleko zokwelashwa zincintisana ngqo nokukhokhwa kwesikweletu. Ukuhlola okuthola inzuzo yebhizinisi kodwa kungazinaki izindleko zasekhaya kuzokwenza amandla abukeke makhulu ngaso sonke isikhathi.

Qinisekisa ngobufakazi obuphathekayo. Isitoko emashalofini, imishini esizeni, izakhiwo ngokwazo, izincwadi zamarisidi, izitatimende zemali yeselula, amarekhodi abahlinzeki, incwadi yokubhalela yomboleki uqobo. Umlando wemali yeselula ikakhulukazi usuphenduke umthombo owodwa onokwethenjelwa kakhulu wobufakazi bemisebenzi etholakalayo emabhizinisini angahlelekile.

Qhathanisa nabantu besithathu. Abahwebi abangomakhelwane, abahlinzeki, inhlangano yemakethe, iqembu. Ekubolekiseni kweqembu ukuzimisela kwamalungu ukwamukela umfakisicelo kungokwako ubufakazi bokuhlola, okuyingxenye enkulu yokuthi kungani ukubhanga kwasezigodini kusebenza.

Hlola ukuguquguquka kwezikhathi zonyaka. Umthengisi ohlolwe ngenyanga ephezulu futhi wanikezwa inkokhelo yanyanga zonke engashintshi uzokhathazeka ngesikhathi sokwehla. Buza ukuthi inyanga embi kakhulu ibukeka kanjani bese ulinganisa inkokhelo ngalokho, noma uqondanise isakhiwo sokukhokha nomjikelezo.

Isibonelo esisetshenziwe: ukuhlola umthengisi wasemakethe

Umfakisicelo ucela u-30,000 ngezinyanga eziyi-12 ukuze athenge isitoko. Isikhulu sesikweletu siyavakasha, sibala isitoko, sihlola izintengo zokuthenga nezokudayisa, futhi sakha kabusha isimo sanyanga zonke.

• Isilinganiso sokuthengisa kwansuku zonke: 1,200 × 25 izinsuku zokuhweba = 30,000
• Izindleko zempahla ethengisiwe (70% wokuthengisa): (21,000)
• Inzuzo ephelele: 9,000
• Irenti yesitendi: (1,200)
• Izindleko zokuthutha: (800)
• Amalayisense nezintela zasemakethe: (300)
• Abasebenzi besikhashana: (1,000)
• Imali engenayo yebhizinisi esele: 5,700
• Imali engenayo yomlingani: 1,500
• Izindleko zasekhaya: (3,000)
• Insalela etholakalayo: 4,200

Inqubomgomo yombolekisi ibeka umkhawulo wokukhokhelwa kwesikweletu ku-60% wensalela etholakalayo, okunikeza umthamo wokubuyisela imali wama-2,520 ngenyanga.

Imali mboleko eceliwe engu-30,000 ezinyangeni eziyi-12 ngenzalo engu-3% ngenyanga ngebhalansi enciphayo idinga ukubuyiselwa kwemali okucishe kube ngu-3,014 — ngaphezu komthamo. Uma kubalwa kusukela ku-2,520 kubuyela emuva, kutholakala imali mboleko engasekelwa ecishe ibe ngu-25,000.

Isincomo sokuhlola: gunyaza u-25,000 ezinyangeni eziyi-12 esikhundleni sika-30,000 oceliwe, nokuncishiswa kanye nesisekelo sakho kubhalwe ngokucacile embikweni.

Lona ngumphumela ovame kakhulu futhi owusizo kakhulu wokuhlola kwangempela. Indlela yokubeka izinto ngokuthi gunyaza-noma-yenqabe ifihla iqiniso lokuthi inani elikhulu lokuhlola lise ukukala — ukuthola inani umboleki angakwazi ngempela ukulithwala, okuvame ukuba ngaphansi kwalelo abelicele futhi ngezinye izikhathi libe ngaphezulu.

Umbiko wokuhlola

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ifomethi iyini, umbiko kufanele wenze umhlaziyi ongakaze ahlangane nomboleki afinyelele esiphethweni esifanayo. Okungenani:

• Isifinyezo somboleki nebhizinisi — ukuthi bangobani, benzani, isikhathi esingakanani, kuphi.
• Isicelo semali mboleko — inani, inhloso, isikhathi, isakhiwo esihlongozwayo.
• Ukuhlaziywa kwenhloso — ukuthi imali izothengani ngempela nokuthi lokho kukhiqiza yini ukubuyiselwa kwemali. Imali mboleko yesitoko kufanele ikhombise inzuzo eyengeziwe ekhiqizwa yisitoko.
• Ukugeleza kwemali nokukwazi ukukhokha — izibalo ezingenhla, kanye nemithombo yazo.
• Umlando wezikweletu — umphumela wehhovisi lezikweletu, umlando wangaphakathi, abanye ababolekisi, nanoma yiziphi izikhundla zokuba umboleki ngokuhlanganyela noma umqinisekisi osuvele unazo.
• Ukuvikeleka — okunikezwayo, ukuthi ngubani ongumnikazi, ukuthi kubiza malini, ukuthi ngabe inkokhelo iyabhaliswa yini, i-LTV ewumphumela.
• Izingozi nezindlela zokuzinciphisa — kushiwo ngokusobala. Ukuhlolwa kwenani okungenazo izingozi ezibhaliwe akukenziwanga.
• Isincomo — inani, isikhathi, izinga, ukuvikeleka, izimo ezandulelayo.
• Igama lesikhulu, usuku kanye nesiginesha.

Ubufakazi bubaluleke ngendlela efanayo nesiphetho. Izithombe zesitoko nezindawo, izixhumanisi ze-GPS zokuvakasha, amakhophi emibhalo ehloliwe kanye nosuku lokuhlolwa yikho okwenza ifayela likwazi ukuzivikela kamuva, kungaba phambi komlawuli, umcwaningi mabhuku, umtshali-zimali noma inkantolo.

Ukuhlolwa kwenani ngokwahlulela kanye nokunikezwa kwamaphuzu esikweletu

• Ukuhlolwa kwenani ngokwahlulela - Isisekelo: Ukuhlola kwesikhulu ngokohlelo oluthile

  • Ijubane: Amahora kuya ezinsukwini
  • Izindleko ngemalimboleko ngayinye: Ziphezulu
  • Iphatha ababoleki abanefayela elincane: Yebo
  • Ukuvumelana phakathi kwezikhulu: Kuyahlukahluka
  • Iguquguquka ezimweni ezingajwayelekile: Yebo
  • Idinga umlando wedatha: Cha

• Ukunikezwa kwamaphuzu esikweletu - Isisekelo: Imodeli yezibalo ngaphezu kwedatha yomlando

  • Ijubane: Imizuzwana
  • Izindleko ngemalimboleko ngayinye: Ziphansi kakhulu
  • Iphatha ababoleki abanefayela elincane: Kabi
  • Ukuvumelana phakathi kwezikhulu: Okuphelele
  • Iguquguquka ezimweni ezingajwayelekile: Cha
  • Idinga umlando wedatha: Yebo, omkhulu

Akukho okungcono kukho konke, futhi iningi lababolekisayo ligcina linakho kokubili. Isakhiwo esivamile ukunikezwa kwamaphuzu noma imithetho yenqubomgomo yemalimboleko emincane, ephindaphindwayo nejwayelekile, ukuhlolwa kwenani okuphelele kwababoleka okokuqala, amanani amakhulu nanoma yini imithetho eyiphawulayo. Ukubolekisa okuphindaphindwayo yilapho ezomnotho ziluma kakhulu khona: umboleki osemjikelezweni wakhe wesihlanu onerekhodi elihlanzekile akadingi ukujula kokuhlolwa kwenani okufanayo nomuntu angamazi, futhi ukuphikelela kokuhlukile kwenza imalimboleko emincane ephindaphindwayo ingabi nenzuzo.

Lapho ukuhlolwa kwehluleka khona.

Ukuhlola okubhekiswe kumgomo. Izikhulu ezinemigomo yomthamo noma yokukhishwa kwemali futhi ezingenawo umlinganiso wekhwalithi yephothifoliyo zizothola izibalo ezisekela ukugunyazwa. Lapho izikhuthazo zithinta ukukhishwa kwemali, kufanele futhi zithinte izikweletu ezingakhokhiwe ezabhalwa yileso sikhulu, ngokubambezeleka okwanele ukuzibamba.

Ukuqeqesha izibalo. Izilinganiso zokuthengisa ezitholwa ngokubuza ukuthi "ngakho wenza cishe u-1,500 ngosuku, angithi?" Imibuzo evulekile, ukuqhathanisa imininingwane, kanye nokuqinisekisa ngokubonakalayo yikho okuyisivikelo.

Ukuhlola okukopa nokunamathisela. Ukugeleza kwemali okufanayo phakathi kwabadayisi abahlukene emakethe efanayo, noma umbiko osetshenziswe kabusha kusukela emjikelezweni wangaphambilini ngaphandle kokuvakasha okusha. Kulula ukukubona lapho kubuyekezwa futhi kuwuphawu olunokwethenjelwa lokuthi ukuhlola sekuphenduke into eyenziwa nje.

Ukungavakashelwa kwendawo. Ekubolekiseni amabhizinisi, ukuvakasha yikhona ukuhlola. Konke okunye yimibhalo umboleki akhethe ukuyinikeza.

Izindleko zasekhaya ezishiyiwe. Ngokungaguquki, kuwumthombo owodwa omkhulu kakhulu wamandla okukhokha ashiwo ngokweqile ekubolekiseni amabhizinisi amancane namancanyana.

Ukuhlola isibambiso esikhundleni somboleki. Isibambiso esinethezekile sidala ukuhlola okungajulile. Imalimboleko bese incika ekuphoqeleleni ukukhokha, okuyinto ebuyisa imali encane futhi kamuva kunalokho ifayili elikucabangayo.

Ukuhlola okuphelelwe isikhathi. Ukuhlola okwenziwa izinyanga ezine ngaphambi kokukhishwa kwemali kuchaza ibhizinisi okungenzeka ukuthi alisekho ngale ndlela. Izinqubomgomo eziningi zibeka isikhathi esiphezulu, ngokuvamile izinsuku ezingama-30 kuya kwezingu-90, ngemva kwalokho isimo siyabuyekezwa.

Akukho ndlela yokubuyisela impendulo. Ikhwalithi yokuhlola ithuthuka kuphela uma othile eqhathanisa ukuhlola nalokho okwenzeka ezikweletini ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ukuthatha amasampula amacala asanda kuba nezikweletu ezingakhokhiwe nokufunda kabusha umbiko wokuqala kuyindlela yokulawula ikhwalithi eshibhe kakhulu etholakalayo, futhi enganakwa kakhulu.

Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa.

Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuhlolwa kwemalimboleko?

Kusukela emizuzwini embalwa ngemalimboleko encane ephindwayo ehlolwe ngamaphuzu kuya emasontweni amaningana ngesibonelelo sebhizinisi esinesibambiso esidinga ukulinganiswa kwevelu, ukuseshwa kwamatayitela nokuhlolwa kwendawo. Ukuhlolwa okuningi kwamabhizinisi amancane okubandakanya ukuvakasha kuthatha izinsuku ezisukela kolulodwa kuya kwezintathu zesikhathi esiphelele.