Izinga lokubuyisela imali

Izinga lokubuyisela likala ukuthi ingakanani yalokho okwakufanele kukhokhwe okuqoqwe ngempela. Ngendlela yalo elula, yinani elamukelwe lihlukaniswa ngenani elifanele ukukhokhwa esikhathini esithile, livezwa njengephesenti.

Yisona silinganiso sephothifoliyo esidala futhi esicashunwa kakhulu ekubolekiseni, futhi yisona abasebenza kulo mkhakha abaxwayiswa kakhulu ngokuthembela kuso. Isizathu ukungahambisani phakathi kwalokho okubonakala sengathi kuyakusho nalokho okusho ngempela: izinga lokubuyisela lichaza ukugeleza kwemali esikhathini esithile, kuyilapho umbuzo ovame ukubuzwa ukuthi uphendule — ngabe le phothifoliyo iphilile kangakanani? — umayelana nesitoko sezikweletu ezisengozini.

Umbolekisi angabika izinga lokubuyisela elingamaphesenti angu-97 kuyilapho ingxenye yeshumi yephothifoliyo yakhe ise-zikweletini ezingakhokhiwe ngesikhathi. Zombili lezi zibalo zingalunga ngokwezibalo ngesikhathi esisodwa. Ukuqonda ukuthi kungani kunjalo kuyinhloso yalesi sihloko.

Amafomula

Ayikho incazelo eyodwa. Okungenani kunezindlela zokubala ezine ezisatshalaliswa ngaphansi kwegama elithi "izinga lokubuyisela", futhi zikhiqiza izimpendulo ezahlukene kudatha efanayo.

Izinga lokubuyisela lenkathi

Inani eliqoqiwe esikhathini ÷ Inani elifanele ukukhokhwa esikhathini

Uhlobo oluvame kakhulu. Lukala ukusebenza kokuqoqa phakathi nenyanga noma ikota.

Izinga lokubuyisela eliqongelelayo

Isamba esiqoqiwe kusukela ekuqaleni ÷ Isamba esifanele ukukhokhwa kusukela ekuqaleni

Lisetshenziswa ekubikeni kwakudala kwezezimali ezincane. Lizinzile kakhulu, futhi cishe alinakho nhlobo ukunikeza ulwazi, ngoba umlando omude wokuqoqa okuhle ucwilisa ukuwohloka kwakamuva.

Izinga lokubuyisela ngesikhathi

Izitolimende ezikhokhwe ngosuku olufanele noma ngaphambi kwalo ÷ Izitolimende ezifanele ukukhokhwa

Kubala izenzakalo kunenani. Kunzima ukukhukhumalisa kunalezo zinhlobo ezisekelwe enanini, futhi kuwusizo kakhulu ngokokusebenza.

Izinga lamanje lokubuyisa imali

Inani eliqoqiwe esikhathini ÷ Inani elifanele ukukhokhwa kuleso sikhathi esifanayo, ngaphandle kwe- izinkokhelo kusengaphambili nokukhokhelwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi

Umzamo wokulungisa ukuhlanekezela okusobala kakhulu efomuleni lokuqala.

Isinyathelo sokuqala ekuhloleni noma yiliphi izinga lokubuyisela elicashuniwe ukuthola ukuthi yikuphi kwalokhu okulikhiqizile. Empeleni ngokuvamile akushiwo, futhi ngezinye izikhathi akwaziwa.

Isibonelo esisetshenziwe

Umbolekisi one-1,000,000 esalelwe kuyo yonke iphothifoliyo yakhe ubika ngenyanga:

• Izitolimende ezifanele ukukhokhwa: 120,000
• Inani eliqoqiwe ngalezo zitolimende: 116,400
• Izinga lokubuyisela: 97.0% (116,400 ÷ 120,000)

Isimo sezikweletu ezingakhokhiwe ngesikhathi zombolekisi ofanayo, esilinganiswa ezikweletini ngokwazo:

• Iphothifoliyo ephelele yezikweletu: 1,000,000
• Ibhalansi esele yezikweletu ezinesitolimende esidlulele isikhathi: 90,000
• Iphothifoliyo esengcupheni (PAR): 9.0% (90,000 ÷ 1,000,000)

Kokubili kulungile. Izinga lokukhokha lamaphesenti angu-97 kanye nephothifoliyo esengcupheni yamaphesenti ayi-9 kuchaza iphothifoliyo efanayo ngenyanga efanayo.

Ukubuyisana: ukusilela kwe-3,600 kuncane uma kuqhathaniswa nezitolimende zenyanga, kodwa izimalimboleko lapho lokho kusilela kwenzeka khona zithwala i-90,000 yenani eliyinhloko elingakakhokhwa. Izinga lokukhokha likala isitolimende esingekhokhiwe. I-PAR ikala yonke imalimboleko leso sitolimende esingeyayo.

Kungani izinga lokukhokha lidukisa

Lilinganisa ukugeleza, hhayi isitoko

Isitolimende esingekhokhiwe sika-500 emalimbolekweni ene-15,000 engakakhokhwa akusinyakazisi kangako izinga lokukhokha. Sibeka yonke i-15,000 engcupheni. Isilinganiso sisabela ngokobukhulu benkokhelo; ukuchayeka kuwubukhulu bemalimboleko.

Ukukhula kufihla ukungakhokhi ngesikhathi

Ephothifoliyweni ekhulayo, inani elifanele ukukhokhwa esikhathini ngasinye lincane uma liqhathaniswa nesamba esingakakhokhwa, ngoba izimalimboleko ezisanda kukhishwa azikakafinyeleli ezitolimendeni zazo eziningi. Idenominetha ibuswa izimalimboleko ezindala, esezivuthiwe kuyilapho ingcuphe ihlezi kwezintsha. Ukukhula okusheshayo ngakho-ke kukhiqiza izinga lokukhokha elincomekayo cishe ngokuzenzakalelayo — futhi lokho kuncoma kuyaphela ncamashi lapho ukukhula kwehla.

Ukukhokha kusengaphambili kuyalikhukhumalisa

Ukuvalwa kusenesikhathi nokukhokha kusengaphambili kwengeza kwinomineyitha ngaphandle kokufakwa okuhambisanayo kwidenominetha. Iphothifoliyo enokuvalwa okumbalwa okukhulu kusenesikhathi ingabika izinga lokukhokha elingaphezu kwamaphesenti ayi-100 kuyilapho ama-akhawunti aweqiwe ngempela ehlala engathintwanga.

Ukuhlela kabusha isheduli kusetha kabusha idenominetha

Ukuhlela kabusha i-akhawunti esemva ekukhokheni kuthatha indawo yezitolimende ezingekhokhiwe nge-sheduli entsha. Isibopho esidala siyayeka ukuba 'okufanele ukukhokhwe', ngakho siyaphuma ekubalweni. Umbolekisi ohlela kabusha ngamandla angagcina izinga lokukhokha elicishe liphelele ebhukwini eliwohlokayo. Le yindlela eyodwa ephumelela kakhulu yokufihla ukuwohloka kwephothifoliyo, futhi kushiya cishe kungekho mkhondo ezingeni lokukhokha ngokwalo.

Ukukhanselwa kwezimalimboleko kususa ubufakazi

Izimalimboleko ezikhanseliwe azisakhiqizi izitolimende ezifanele ukukhokhwa, ngakho ama-akhawunti angenzi kahle kakhulu ayaphuma kwidenominetha unomphela. Izinga lokukhokha elibalwa ngemva kokukhanselwa liyisilinganiso sezimalimboleko ezasinda.

Ukuhlanganisa kufihla ukusatshalaliswa

Izinga lephothifoliyo lamaphesenti angu-97 lihambisana nawo wonke umboleki ekhokha amaphesenti angu-97, noma ngamaphesenti angu-97 ababoleki bekhokha ngokugcwele bese amaphesenti ama-3 bengakhokhi lutho. Lezi yizimo ezihluke ngokuphelele ezinesihloko esifanayo.

Izinga lokukhokha uma liqhathaniswa nezinye izilinganiso zekhwalithi

Izinga lokukhokha

• Kukala: Imali eqoqiwe uma iqhathaniswa nemali efanele ukukhokhwa
• Isisekelo: Ukugeleza esikhathini esithile
• Ithwebula ukuchayeka okugcwele: Cha
• Kuthintwa ukukhula: Kakhulu
• Kuthintwa ukuhlelwa kabusha kwesheduli: Kakhulu
• Kukhushulwa ukukhokhwa kusengaphambili: Yebo
• Izinga lokubika: Cha

Iphothifoliyo esengozini (PAR)

• Ikala: Ibhalansi eseleyo yemalimboleko enanoma yiziphi izikweletu eziphuzile
• Isisekelo: Isitoko ngesikhathi esithile
• Ithwebula ukuchayeka okugcwele: Yebo
• Kuthintwa ukukhula: Ngokumaphakathi
• Kuthintwa ukuhlelwa kabusha kwesheduli: Kuya ngenqubomgomo yokuhlukanisa
• Kukhushulwa ukukhokhwa kusengaphambili: Cha
• Izinga lokubika: Yebo

Izinga lezikweletu ezingakhokhiwe

• Ikala: Inani lezitolimende eziphuzile kuphela
• Isisekelo: Isitoko ngesikhathi esithile
• Ithwebula ukuchayeka okugcwele: Cha
• Kuthintwa ukukhula: Ngokumaphakathi
• Kuthintwa ukuhlelwa kabusha kwesheduli: Yebo
• Kukhushulwa ukukhokhwa kusengaphambili: Cha
• Izinga lokubika: Okwesibili

Izinga lokuqoqa

• Kukala: Imali eqoqiwe uma iqhathaniswa nemali ebilindelwe (kuhlanganisa nokubuyiswa kwezikweletu eziphuzile)
• Isisekelo: Ukugeleza phakathi nenkathi ethile
• Kubamba konke ukuchayeka: Cha
• Kuthintwa ukukhula: Kakhulu
• Kuthintwa ukuhlelwa kabusha: Kakhulu
• Kunyuswa ukukhokha kusengaphambili: Yebo
• Indinganiso yokubika: Okokusebenza kuphela

Ukuvumelana komkhakha ukuthi iphothifoliyo esengcupheni, ehlukaniswa ngezigaba zobudala bezikweletu, iyindlela efanele yokukala ikhwalithi yephothifoliyo, nokuthi izinga lokubuyisela akufanele lisetshenziselwe leyo njongo. Abaxhasi ngezimali, abalinganisi nabalawuli ngokuvamile bafuna i-PAR.

Isimangalo "sezinga lokubuyisela elingamaphesenti angama-97"

Amanani okubuyisela asemazingeni aphezulu angamashumi ayisishiyagalolunye kuye kwacashunwa ezintweni zokukhangisa ze-microfinance amashumi eminyaka, futhi lesi sibalo siphindwa kabanzi njengobufakazi bokuthi ababoleki abampofu bayabuyisela ngokuthembekile.

Isimangalo esiyisisekelo sinesisekelo — ukubolekwa kwezimali ezincane okuqinisekiswa yiqembu ngempela kufinyelela ukuqoqwa okuphezulu — kodwa isibalo esithile kufanele sifundwe ngokucophelela:

• Ifomula ngokuvamile ayishiwongo, futhi izinga lokubuyisela elihlanganisiwe likhiqiza isibalo esiphezulu kwezine.
• Izimali ezibolekiwe ezihlelwe kabusha neziphinde zaxhaswa zivame ukufakwa njengezisasebenza kahle.
• Izimali ezibolekiwe ezisuliwe seziphumile ekubalweni.
• Izikhungo ezifanayo ngokuvamile zibika i-PAR 30 iphakathi kwamadijithi aphansi, okuwumfanekiso ohluke ngokuphawulekayo wephothifoliyo efanayo.

Akukho kwalokhu okusho ukuthi ukubolekwa akunampilo. Kusho ukuthi isibalo esiyinhloko akusibo ubufakazi obubonakala buyibo, futhi isikhungo esicaphuna izinga lokubuyisela ngaphandle kwe-PAR eceleni kwaso sethula isibalo esibuthakathaka kuzinombolo ezimbili ezitholakalayo.

Lapho izinga lokubuyisela liwusizo ngempela

Le nkomba inenzuzo yangempela yokusebenza, inqobo nje uma ingacelwa ukukala ikhwalithi yephothifoliyo.

Ukuqapha ukuqoqwa komjikelezo omfushane. Ekubhangekeni kwemiphakathi nakwezinye izindlela zokubuyisela ngesonto, umbuzo emhlanganweni ngamunye ngowokuthi ngabe iqembu likuqoqile yini okwakufanele kukhokhwe. Izinga lokubuyisela liphendula lokho ngqo, ngokushesha, ngaphandle kokulinda ukuthi izikweletu ezingakhokhiwe ziguge.

Ukusebenza kwesikhulu kanye negatsha. Izinga lokubuyisela ngesikhathi encwadini echaziwe liyindlela enobulungiswa yokukala ukuzimisela kokuqoqa, njengoba isikhulu silawula ukuqoqwa kodwa hhayi ukwakheka okungokomlando kwephothifoliyo.

Ukuqhathanisa komkhiqizo neqoqo. Ukuqhathanisa amanani okubuyisela emikhiqizweni, ezinyangeni zokukhishwa kwezimali noma emijikelezweni yamakhasimende kuhlukanisa umehluko i-PAR ewufiphazayo, ngoba amaqoqo ayafaniswa.

Isexwayiso kusenesikhathi. Izinga lokubuyisela elishintsha ngaphambi kwe-PAR liyinkomba eholela phambili ewusizo — izikweletu ezingakhokhiwe zithatha izinsuku ezingamashumi amathathu ukubonakala ku-PAR 30, kodwa ukushoda kokuqoqwa kwaleli sonto kubonakala ngokushesha.

Kukho konke lokhu le nkomba isetshenziselwa lokho eyikho: isilinganiso somsebenzi wokuqoqa ngesikhathi esifushane, esilawulwayo.

Ukuyibala ngendlela evikelekayo

• Shono ifomula. Noma iyiphi izinga lokubuyisela elicashuniwe kufanele libe nencazelo yalo.
• Khipha izinkokhelo zangaphambili nokukhokha kusenesikhathi kusuka enambeni ephezulu, noma ubike ngazo ngokwehlukana.
• Bika izimalimboleko ezihlehlisiwe ngokwehlukana. I-akhawunti ehlelwe kabusha kufanele ibonakale, ingafakwa buthule ebhukwini lezimali ezisebenzayo.
• Shono ukuthi izimalimboleko ezicinyiwe zifakiwe yini. Zombili izindlela ziyavikeleka; ukuthula kuphela okungavikeleki.
• Bika inkathi. Isibalo senyanga nesibalo esinqwabelene asiqhathaniseki.
• Ungalokothi usishicilele sisodwa. Izinga lokubuyisela kanye ne-PAR 30 kanye nesilinganiso sezimalimboleko ezihlelwe kabusha kunikeza isithombe esifanele. Noma yisiphi kuzo sisodwa asikwenzi lokho.
• Ncamelisa izinga lokukhokha ngesikhathi lapho inhloso kuwukuziphatha kahle ekusebenzeni, ngoba ibala izehlakalo futhi imelana nokuhlanekezelwa okusekelwe enanini.