Imalimboleko yesikhathi esinqunyiwe

Imalimboleko yesikhathi esinqunyiwe iyisikweletu esinikezwa njengesamba esisodwa futhi sikhokhwa ngesikhathi esinqunyiwe ngokohlelo okuvunyelwene ngalo. Inani, ubude besikhathi, izinga lenzalo kanye izinsuku zokukhokhwa zibekwa ekuqaleni, futhi isibonelelo asigcwali kabusha njengoba sikhokhwa — uma sesikhokhiwe, imalimboleko iyavalwa.

Lelo phuzu lokugcina yilo elihlukanisa imalimboleko yesikhathi esinqunyiwe kuyo yonke eminye imikhiqizo emikhulu yesikweletu. Imalimboleko yesikhathi esinqunyiwe yehlela ku-zero ngendlela eyaziwayo. Izibonelelo ezijikelezayo azikwenzi lokho.

Izici ezibalulekile

• Ukukhishwa kwemali: Isamba esisodwa, noma ukudonswa kwemali ngezigaba ngokuya ngezimpawu zenqubekelaphambili.
• Ubude besikhathi: Kunqunyiwe futhi kuvunyelwene kusengaphambili, kusukela ezinyangeni kuya emashumini eminyaka.
• Ukukhokhwa: Izinkokhelo ezihleliwe ngezinsuku ezimisiwe.
• Ukutholakala: Akugcwali kabusha; imali eyinhloko esikhokhiwe ayikwazi ukuphinde idonswe.
• Inzalo: Engashintshi noma eguquguqukayo, ekhokhiswa ngensalela engakhokhiwe.
• Isibambiso: Esinesibambiso noma esingenasibambiso kuye ngobukhulu, ubude besikhathi kanye nomboleki.
• Izibopho zesivumelwano: Zivamile ezibonelelweni zezohwebo, azivamile emalimbolekweni amancane abathengi.
• Inhloso: Ngokuvamile kuhlobene nokusetshenziswa okucacisiwe, ikakhulukazi ukutholwa kwempahla.

Imalimboleko yesikhathi esinqunyiwe uma kuqhathaniswa nesikweletu esijikelezayo

Umehluko unquma ukuthi yimuphi umkhiqizo ofanele siphi isidingo, futhi ukuwuhlonza ngokungeyikho kuyiphutha elivamile nelibizayo.

• Imalimboleko yesikhathi esinqunyiwe: Isamba esisodwa esinokukhokhwa okuhleliwe kuze kufinyelele ku-zero; akugcwali kabusha. Ifaneleka kangcono esidingweni esisodwa esicacile esinezindleko ezaziwayo.
• Isibonelelo sesikweletu esijikelezayo: Umkhawulo okuvunyelwene ngawo udonswa futhi ukhokhwa kaningi; uyagcwala kabusha. Ifaneleka kangcono ezidingweni zezimali eziphindaphindayo neziguquguqukayo.
• I-ovudrafti: I-akhawunti evunyelwe ukuba nebhalansi engeyinhle kuze kufike emkhawulweni; iyagcwala kabusha. Ifaneleka kangcono ezikhaleni zesikhathi zesikhashana ekugelezeni kwemali kwansuku zonke.
• Umugqa wesikweletu: Umkhawulo ogunyazwe kusengaphambili udonswa njengoba kudingeka; uyagcwala kabusha. Ifaneleka kangcono esikhathini noma enanini elingaqinisekile.
• Imalimboleko yebhuloho: Isamba esisodwa esikhokhwa ngokusuka esenzakalweni esizayo esicacile; akugcwali kabusha. Ifaneleka kangcono ukuvala igebe ngaphambi kokudayiswa, ukuxhaswa kabusha noma ukwamukelwa kwemali.

Umthetho osebenzayo: sebenzisa imalimboleko yesikhathi ukuthenga into, kanye nesibonelelo esijikelezayo ukuxhasa umjikelezo. Ukuxhasa imoto nge-ovadrafti kushiya umboleki enebhalansi engapheli eqinile engeke isuswe yiluphi uhlelo. Ukuxhasa ukuthengwa kwesitoko sesizini ngemalimboleko yesikhathi kumshiya ekhokha izitolimende eziqinile phakathi nezinyanga lapho umjikelezo wemali ungakajiki.

Isakhiwo semalimboleko yesikhathi

• Inani eliyinhloko — inani elikhishiwe.
• Isikhathi semalimboleko — isikhathi esiphelele kusukela ekukhishweni kwemali kuze kube ukukhokhwa kokugcina.
• Ukudonswa kwemali — ukudedelwa kwezimali, kungaba ngokugcwele noma ngezinqenye ngokuhambisana nezimo ezandulelayo.
• Isikhathi somusa — isikhathi sokuqala esingenankokhelo, noma esinenzalo kuphela, esivumela impahla exhasiwe ukuthi iqale ukukhiqiza inzuzo.
• Izinga lenzalo — linqunyiwe esikhathini sonke, noma liyaguquguquka ngokwezinga eliyireferensi.
• Imvamisa yokukhokha — njalo ngenyanga, ngekota, noma kuhambisane nomjikelezo wemali womboleki.
• Uhlelo lokunciphisa isikweletu — ithebula elibonisa isitolimende ngasinye sihlukaniswe phakathi kwenzalo nenani eliyinhloko, kanye nebhalansi esele.
• Izinkokhelo — ezokuhlela, ezokuzibophezela, ezomthetho, zokuhlola inani, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ezokukhokha kusengaphambili.
• Izivumelwano — izibopho umboleki okufanele azigcine kuso sonke isikhathi semalimboleko.
• Izehlakalo zokuphula isivumelwano — izimo ezivumela umbolekisi ukuthi afune ukukhokhwa ngokushesha.

Izinhlaka zokunciphisa isikweletu

Okunciphisa ngokuphelele. Izitolimende ezilinganayo kuso sonke isikhathi semalimboleko, nebhalansi ifinyelela ku-zero ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa. Izitolimende zokuqala ziyinzalo kakhulu, ezakamuva ziyinani eliyinhloko kakhulu, ngoba inzalo inqwabela ngebhalansi eyehlayo. Ababoleki bavame ukukubona lokhu njengeqhinga; kumane nje kuyizibalo zokukhokhisa inzalo kulokho okusameshele.

Ibhaluni. Izitolimende ezijwayelekile ziba zincane kunalokho okudingwa ukuncishwa okuphelele, okushiya inkokhelo enkulu yokugcina. Kwehlisa izindleko zanyanga zonke futhi kudala ingozi yokuxhasa kabusha ngezimali ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa — umboleki kufanele abe nesamba sebhaluni noma esinye isibonelelo sokuthatha indawo yaso.

I-bullet. Akukho kubuyiselwa kwenani eliyinhloko phakathi nesikhathi semalimboleko. Inzalo ikhokhwa ngezikhathi ezithile bese lonke inani eliyinhloko kufanele likhokhwe ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa. Kuvamile kwezezimali zebhizinisi nasekubolekeni okuhambisana nesenzakalo esilindelekile sokutholakala kwemali.

Isikhathi senzalo kuphela. Ukubuyiselwa kwenani eliyinhloko kuhlehliselwa isigaba sokuqala esinqunyiwe, bese kuba nokuncishwa okuphelele kuyo yonke insalela. Izitolimende zikhuphuka kakhulu ngesikhathi sokushintsha, okuyiphuzu iningi lababoleki elingalibukeli phansi.

Ukunyuka noma ukwehla ngezinyathelo. Izitolimende ezikhuphukayo noma ezehlayo ngendlela emisiwe, kuhambisana nokukhula kwemali engenayo okulindelekile noma uxhaso olunciphayo.

Okungajwayelekile noma okwesizini. Izitolimende zigxile ezinyangeni lapho imali engenayo ifika ngempela. Umkhuba ojwayelekile ekubolekweni kwezolimo futhi osetshenziswa kancane kwezinye izindawo.

Ukuhlukaniswa ngobude besikhathi

• Isikhathi esifushane — kuze kube cishe unyaka owodwa. Imali yokusebenza, imishini emincane, ukuvala isidingo esithile.
• Okuphakathi noma isikhathi esimaphakathi — cishe unyaka owodwa kuya kwemihlanu. Izimoto, imishini, ukwandisa ibhizinisi, ukulungisa kabusha.
• Isikhathi eside — ngaphezu kweminyaka emihlanu, ngezinye izikhathi kuze kufike eminyakeni engamashumi amabili nanhlanu noma amashumi amathathu. Indawo, imishini emikhulu, ingqalasizinda.

Umgomo ojwayelekile uwukufanisa ubude besikhathi: isikhathi sokukhokha kufanele silingane nempilo ewusizo yalokho okuxhaswa ngezimali. Ukuxhasa ngezimali impahla yeminyaka eyishumi ngeminyaka emibili kunciphisa kakhulu ukugeleza kwemali komboleki; ukuxhasa ngezimali impahla yeminyaka emibili ngeminyaka eyishumi kubashiya bekhokhela into abangasayinayo.

Intengo

Izinga eligxilile. Izinga limiswa isikhathi sonke. Ombolekayo uthola ukuqiniseka futhi ulahlekelwa yinzuzo yokwehla kwamazinga. Izimalimboleko ezinezinga eligxilile ngokuvamile ziba nemibandela esinda kakhulu yokukhokha ngaphambi kwesikhathi, ngoba umbolekisi uke wavikela ubungozi noma waxhasa ngezimali kuze kufike esikhathini esilindelekile sokuvuthwa.

Izinga eliguquguqukayo. Linqunywa njengezinga lesisekelo kuhlanganiswa nemajini, futhi limiswa kabusha lapho inkomba ishintsha. Ombolekayo uthwala ubungozi bezinga, okuyisizathu esenza ukuthi ukuboleka ngezinga eliguquguqukayo kufanele kuhlolwe ngokucindezeleka ngezinga eliphakeme kakhulu kunalelo elinikeziwe.

Izinga elisicaba ngokumelene nebhalansi enciphayo

Lo mehluko uwumthombo owodwa omkhulu kunawo wonke wokudideka kwentengo ekubolekeni, futhi ushintsha kakhulu ukuthi imalimboleko ibiza malini.

Ibhalansi enciphayo. Inzalo ikhokhiswa enhlokodolobheni esele, eyehla ngokukhokha ngakunye. Inzalo ephelele iba ncane ngokulinganayo njengoba imalimboleko incipha.

Izinga elisicaba. Inzalo ibalwa enhlokodolobheni yasekuqaleni ngesikhathi sonke, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yikuphi okukhokhiwe. Ombolekayo osuye wakhokha iningi lenhlokodolobha usakhokhiswa inzalo njengokungathi akukho lutho olukhokhiwe.

Izinga le-flat lilingana cishe nezinga lebhalansi enciphayo eliseduze nokuphindwe kabili kwezinga elishiwo esikhathini sokukhokha esiphelele. Imalimboleko ecashunwe ngezinga le-flat ebukeka ishibhile kunenye enezinga lebhalansi enciphayo ngokuvamile ibiza kakhulu. Ukuqhathanisa isamba sezindleko zekhredithi — yonke inkokhelo eyenziwa phakathi nesikhathi semalimboleko — iyona kuphela indlela ethembekile yokuqhathanisa izinikezelo ezishiwo ngezisekelo ezahlukene, futhi iziphathimandla eziningi manje zidinga ukudalulwa kwe- izinga lonyaka elisebenzayo kungenxa yalesi sizathu ngqo.

Isibambiso nezivumelwano

Imalimboleko yesikhathi ingase ivikelwe ngesibambiso ngempahla, ngemishini, ngezimali ezilindelekile, ngezimpahla zezezimali noma iziqinisekiso zomuntu siqu, noma inikezwe ngaphandle kwesibambiso lapho ukuma komboleki kusekela khona.

Izivumelwano zezezimali emafasilithini ezohwebo ngokuvamile zihlanganisa:

• Isilinganiso sokumboza ukukhokhelwa kwesikweletu — isilinganiso esincane semali engenayo yokusebenza uma siqhathaniswa nengqikithi yesevisi yesikweletu
• I-Gearing noma isikweletu-equity — umkhawulo ophezulu ekusebenziseni isikweletu
• Ukumboza inzalo — isilinganiso esincane semali etholwayo uma siqhathaniswa nezindleko zenzalo
• Isilinganiso samanje — ubuncane besimo sezimali ezisheshayo

Izivumelwano eziphoqayo zidinga ukuthi umboleki enze izinto: anikeze ama-akhawunti acwaningiwe phakathi nesikhathi esibekiwe, agcine umshwalense, akhokhe izintela, agcine isibambiso, avumele ukuhlolwa.

Izivumelwano ezenqabelayo zenqabela izinto: ukuthatha esinye isikweletu ngale komkhawulo, ukunikeza omunye umbolekisi isibambiso, ukulahla izimpahla ezinkulu, ukushintsha ibhizinisi, noma ukusabalalisa inzuzo ngenkathi wephule isivumelwano.

Izehlakalo zokwephula isikweletu ngokuvamile zihlanganisa ukweqiwa kwenkokhelo, ukwephulwa kwesivumelwano, ukungakwazi ukukhokha izikweletu, ushintsho olubi olukhulu, ukwehluleka okuphambanayo kwezinye izibonelelo, kanye nokumelwa okungelona iqiniso. Ukwephula kuvame ukudala isikhathi sokulungisa kuqala; lapho kungalungisekanga, umbolekisi angase asheshise ukukhokha — amemezele ukuthi yonke ibhalansi kufanele ikhokhwe ngokushesha — bese esebenzisa isibambiso.

Ukwephulwa kwesivumelwano ngokuvamile kuwuphawu lokuxwayisa kunokuba kube isenzakalo sokulahlekelwa. Umboleki onokumboza kwenzalo okwehlela ngaphansi komkhawulo ngokuvamile usakwazi ukukhokha izikweletu, futhi umsebenzi wangempela wesivumelwano uwukunikeza umbolekisi ithuba lokungenelela ngaphambi kokuba isimo siwohloke kakhulu.

I-Term Loan A ne-Term Loan B

Ekubolekeni kwezinkampani okuhlanganyelwe, amathranche amabili ahlukaniswa ngokuvamile:

I-Term Loan A — ehlawulelwa kancane kancane phakathi nesikhathi, inesikhathi esifushane, ngokuvamile iphethwe amabhange, inentengo ephansi.

Term Loan B — ukuncishiswa kwesikweletu okuncane ngenkokhelo eyodwa enkulu ekupheleni kwesikhathi, isikhathi eside, ngokuvamile ephethwe abatshalizimali bezikhungo njengezikhwama zezikweletu, inenani eliphakeme ukuze kunxeshezelwe ukukhokhwa okuhlehliselwe emuva.

Amagama asetshenziswayo ajwayelekile kwezezimali ezisebenzisa izikweletu futhi awavamile ukuvela ekubolekiseni amabhizinisi amancane noma abathengi.

Ukukhokha kusengaphambili nokuvala kusenesikhathi

Izinhlawulo zokukhokha kusengaphambili zinxephezela umbolekisi ngenzalo abekulindele ukuyithola nangezindleko zokuvala uxhaso lwakhe. Zijwayelekile ezikhungweni ezinenzalo engagungqi nezesikhathi eside, futhi ziya ngokuya zikhawulelwa noma zibekelwa umkhawulo yimithetho yezikweletu zabathengi.

Ukubalwa kokuvalwa kusenesikhathi kubaluleke kakhulu kunalokho ababoleki abakucabangayo. Emalimbolekweni anebhalansi enciphayo, ukuvala kusenesikhathi konga inzalo eyayizokwengezeka ebhalansini esele. Ngaphansi kwesakhiwo senzalo engagungqi, noma lapho umbolekisi esebenzisa indlela yokwabiwa kwenzalo egxile ekuqaleni njenge-Rule of 78, ukonga kokuvala kusenesikhathi kuncane kakhulu kunalokho umboleki akulindele — inzalo isivele yabelwe izikhathi zangaphambilini. Noma iyiphi ikhotheshini yokuvala kufanele icelwe ngokubhalwa phansi futhi iqhathaniswe nesikweletu esiyinhloko esisele.

Izingozi

Kwababolekayo:

• Uhlelo oluqinile. Izitolimende ziyakhokhwa noma ngabe imali engenayo ifikile noma ayifikanga ngaleyo nyanga.
• Ingozi yenkokhelo yokugcina enkulu kanye nokuxhasa kabusha. Inkokhelo yokugcina enkulu ithatha ngokuthi umboleki angayithola noma ayixhase kabusha lapho ifika isikhathi sokuvuthwa.
• Ingozi yezinga lenzalo ezikhungweni eziguquguqukayo, ikakhulukazi ngezikhathi ezinde.
• Ukwephulwa kwesivumelwano okubangela ukusheshiswa kwemalimboleko umboleki abeyikhokha kahle.
• Ukungahambisani kwesikhathi, ukukhokha isikhathi eside ngemva kokuba impahla exhaswayo iyekile ukukhiqiza.

Kwababolekisayo:

• Ingozi yobude besikhathi. Imalimboleko ende enenzalo engagungqi exhaswa ngamadiphozithi esikhathi esifushane ibeka umbolekisi engozini yokunyakaza kwezinga lenzalo.
• Ukuwohloka kancane. Imalimboleko yesikhathi eside isebenza kahle ize ifike lapho ingasasebenzi; ngaphandle kwezivumelwano kanye nokuqapha, isignali yokuqala ingase kube ukweqa inkokhelo.
• Ukugxila ngokomkhakha, ngesikhathi noma ngomboleki oyedwa kuyo yonke incwadi yemalimboleko yesikhathi eside.
• Ingozi yokukhokha kusengaphambili, lapho ababoleki bexhasa kabusha kwenye indawo njengoba amazinga enzalo ehla.

Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa

Imalimboleko yesikhathi eside yehluke kanjani kwi-mortgage? I-mortgage iyimalimboleko yesikhathi eside eqinisekiswe ngokukhethekile ngendawo noma isakhiwo. Wonke ama-mortgage angamalimboleko esikhathi eside; iningi lamalimboleko esikhathi eside akawona ama-mortgage.