Izinga lamaphesenti lonyaka

Izinga lephesenti lonyaka (APR) liveza izindleko eziphelele zemalimboleko — inzalo kanye nezimali eziphoqelekile — njengephesenti lonyaka lenani umbolekayo alitholayo ngempela. Likhona ngenhloso eyodwa: ukwenza izimalimboleko ezinamazinga ahlukene, izimali, izikhathi zokuboleka kanye namafrikhwensi okukhokha ziqhathaniseke ngqo.

Izinga lenzalo elicashuniwe lichaza kuphela intengo yemali. Izimalimboleko ezimbili ngezinga elilinganayo eliyinominal zingabiza amanani ahlukene kakhulu uma izimali zokusungula, izimali zesevisi kanye nomshwalense ophoqelekile zifakiwe. I-APR ikuhlanganisa konke lokhu kube isibalo esisodwa.

Umthetho olandelayo ulula: qhathanisa ama-APR, hhayi amazinga enzalo.

Okufakwa nokungafakwa yi-APR

Okuvame ukufakwa:

• Inzalo
• Izimali zokusungula, zokucubungula, nokuqalisa
• Izimali eziphoqelekile zanyanga zonke zesevisi noma zokuphatha
• Amaprimiyamu e-credit life aphoqelekile
• Izimali eziyisibopho ze-akhawunti noma zamadokhumenti

Okuvame ukungafakwa:

• Umshwalense wokuzikhethela umbolekayo awenqabayo
• Izimali zokukhokha sekwephuzile nezinhlawulo
• Izimali zokukhokha ngaphambi kwesikhathi
• Izindleko umbolekayo angazikhokha kumuntu wesithathu ozikhethele yena
• Izimali ezivela kuphela ekwehlulekeni kombolekayo ukukhokha

Umgomo uwukuthi izindleko ezingenakugwenywa zifakwa ku-APR kanti ezezenzeka kuphela ngezimo ezithile azifakwa — inhlawulo ivela kuphela uma umbolekayo ehluleka ukukhokha, ngakho ukuyifaka kungakwenza izindleko zemalimboleko ekhokhwa njengoba kuvunyelwene zingabalwa kahle. Ukuthi yiziphi izimali okufanele zifakwe kunqunywa yimithetho kazwelonke futhi kuyehluka phakathi kwezindawo.

Indlela i-APR ebalwa ngayo

I-APR yizinga lesaphulelo elilinganisa inani elitholiwe nenani lamanje lakho konke okukhokhwayo:

Net advance = Σ  payment_t ÷ (1 + r)^t

Xazululela r, izinga lesikhathi, bese ulenza libe ngonyaka. Kunezindlela ezimbili, futhi umehluko awuwona omncane:

• I-APR eyinominal — izinga lesikhathi × izikhathi ngonyaka. Isetshenziswa e-United States ngaphansi kwe-Regulation Z.
• I-APR esebenzayo — (1 + r)^n − 1, ehlanganisayo. Isetshenziswa e-EU nase-UK.

Imalimboleko efanayo ikhiqiza isibalo esiphezulu ngaphansi kwendlela esebenzayo. Uma uqhathanisa ama-APR ezimakethe noma emithonjeni, hlola ukuthi iyiphi indlela esebenzayo.

Kungani amazinga acashuniwe edukisa: ukuqhathanisa okunemininingwane

Izinikezelo ezintathu, ngayinye ngenani elingu $10,000 ngezitolimende eziyi-12 zanyanga zonke.

Imalimboleko A:

• Izinga elicashuniwe: 20% ngonyaka elinciphayo
• Izinkokhelo: Azikho
• Inani elitholiwe: $10,000
• Isitolimende sanyanga zonke: $926.35
• Isamba esikhokhiwe: $11,116
• Izindleko zesikweletu: $1,116
• I-APR (egameni): 20.0%

Imalimboleko B:

• Izinga elicashuniwe: 15% ngonyaka elinciphayo
• Izinkokhelo: 5% yokuqalisa, kukhishiwe ($500)
• Inani elitholiwe: $9,500
• Isitolimende sanyanga zonke: $902.58
• Isamba esikhokhiwe: $10,831
• Izindleko zesikweletu: $1,331
• I-APR (egameni): 25.0%

Imalimboleko C:

• Izinga elicashuniwe: 12% ngonyaka elingaguquki
• Izinkokhelo: Azikho
• Inani elitholiwe: $10,000
• Isitolimende sanyanga zonke: $933.33
• Isamba esikhokhiwe: $11,200
• Izindleko zesikweletu: $1,200
• I-APR (egameni): 21.5%

Izinto ezintathu zivela kulokhu:

1. Izinga elicashuniwe eliphansi kakhulu yilo elibiza kakhulu. Imalimboleko B ikhangisa ngo-15% kodwa ibiza i-APR engu-25%, ngoba inkokhelo engu-5% ekhishwe emalimbolekweni yonyaka owodwa inkulu kakhulu uma ibalwa ngokonyaka.
2. Isitolimende esiphansi kakhulu akusiyona imalimboleko eshibhe kakhulu. Imalimboleko B inenkokhelo yanyanga zonke encane kakhulu kodwa inezindleko eziphezulu kakhulu, ngoba umboleki uthole imali encane ngo-$500.
3. Izinga eligxilile liphindeka cishe kabili. Izinga eligxilile lika-12% le-Loan C lilingana cishe ne-APR engu-21.5%.

Izinga eligxilile uma kuqhathaniswa ne-APR

Inzalo yezinga eligxilile ikhokhiswa kunhlokodolobha yokuqala ngesikhathi sonke semali mboleko, nakuba umboleki eyibuyisela kancane kancane yona. Ngenyanga yokugcina usekhokha inzalo emalini angasenayo.

Njengesilinganiso sokusebenza semboleko ekhokhwa ngokugcwele:

APR ≈ flat rate × 2   (roughly, for monthly instalments)

Izinga eligxilile lika-12% lilingana cishe ne-APR engu-21–24%. Izinga eligxilile lika-20% lilingana cishe ne-APR engu-36–40%. Isilinganiso siba buthakathaka ezikhathini ezimfushane kakhulu noma ezinde kakhulu, kodwa indlela ihlala injalo: amazinga agxilile abukela phansi izindleko cishe ngesigamu.

Lokhu kubalulekile ngoba ukucashunwa kwamazinga agxilile kusavame kwezemali ezincane, kwezezimali zempahla nasekubolekeni kwabahola umholo, futhi umboleki oqhathanisa okunikelwa okugxilile okungu-12% nokunikelwa okunciphayo okungu-20% ngokuvamile uzokhetha kabi.

Inkinga yesikhathi esifushane

Ukuguqula inkokhelo ibe ngeyonyaka ngesikhathi esifushane kakhulu kuveza izinombolo ezinkulu kakhulu.

A 10% fee on a 30-day loan  →  10% × (365 ÷ 30) = 121.7% APR

Izibalo zilungile: umboleki ukhokha u-10% ngokusetshenziswa kwemali inyanga eyodwa, futhi ukwenza lokho izikhathi eziyishumi nambili kungabiza leyo mali. Kodwa kuveza izibalo ezingabonakala zingenangqondo uma ziqhathaniswa nemali yangempela ethintekayo — inkokhelo engu-$10 phezu kwemali engu-$100 ebolekiwe.

Zombili izindlela zinesizathu. Abalawuli bafuna ukuguqulwa kube unyaka ngoba ngaphandle kwesilinganiso esifanayo akukho ukuqhathanisa okungenzeka, futhi ngoba ukuboleka okuvuselelwayo kuyazikhulisa ngempela izindleko. Abagxeki baphawula ukuthi i-APR yakhelwe isikweletu esikhokhwa ngezitolimende futhi ichaza kabi imikhiqizo yesikhathi esifushane ekhokhwa kanye.

Isixazululo esisebenzayo: ngesikweletu sesikhathi esifushane kakhulu, funda i-APR kanye nenani eliphelele elibuyiselwayo. Akukho okukodwa okwanele.

Lokho i-APR engakutsheli khona

• Isikhathi semali mboleko. I-APR ephansi ngesikhathi eside ingabiza imali enkulu ngokuphelele. I-APR engu-15% eminyakeni emihlanu ibiza kakhulu kunaleyo engu-25% ngonyaka owodwa.
• Izinkokhelo ezenzeka ngezimo ezithile. Izinkokhelo zokujezisa, izinkokhelo zokuvala ngaphambi kwesikhathi nezindleko zokwehluleka ukukhokha zingaphandle kwayo.
• Ukuguquguquka. Amalungelo okukhokha kusenesikhathi, amakhefu okukhokha kanye nezinsiza zokudonsa imali futhi anenani langempela elingathathwa yiliphi izinga.
• Ukuthi imali mboleko iyakhokheka yini. I-APR ilinganisa intengo, hhayi ukufaneleka.
• Ukuthi iyiphi indlela yokubala esetshenzisiwe. I-APR yegama kanye neyasebenzayo yemali mboleko efanayo iyahluka, ngezinye izikhathi kakhulu.

Yingakho i-APR kufanele ifundwe kanye nezindleko eziphelele zesikweletu — inani eliphelele elibuyiselwayo uma liqhathaniswa nemali etholiwe. I-APR ihlela okunikelwayo; izindleko eziphelele zibonisa imali.

Umthethonqubo

• Ukudalulwa okuyimpoqo kwe-APR olwazini lwangaphambi kwenkontileka futhi, ezindaweni eziningi zomthetho, ekukhangiseni
• Izindlela zokubala ezimiselwe, ukuze ababolekisi bangakwazi ukusebenzisa indlela ebavumayo
• Imithetho ye-APR emele ekukhangiseni, ngokwejwayelekile efuna ukuthi ingxenye ebekiwe yababoleki abamukelwe — ngokuvamile cishe izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu — bathole ngempela isilinganiso esikhangisiwe
• Imikhawulo ye-APR emikhiqizweni ethile noma ezigabeni
• Izidingo zokufakwa, ezichaza ngokunembile ukuthi yiziphi izindleko okufanele zifakwe

Lapho inzalo kuphela inomkhawulo kodwa izinkokhelo azinawo umkhawulo, izindleko zithuthela ezinkokhelweni futhi i-APR iyona ndlela ekwembulayo lokho. Yingakho ukudalulwa kwe-APR okuhlanganisa izinkokhelo kanye nemikhawulo yenzalo kuvame ukwethulwa ndawonye.

Kubabolekisi

• Bala i-APR ngendlela emiselwe yendawo yakho yomthetho, hhayi ngendlela yokulinganisela nje.
• Bala kabusha noma nini lapho izinkokhelo zishintsha. Ukulungiswa okuncane kwezinkokhelo kungasusa i-APR ngamaphuzu amaningana, ikakhulukazi ezikhathini ezimfushane zokuboleka.
• Khombisa i-APR eceleni kwezindleko eziphelele zekhredithi esithembisweni kanye nohlelo lokukhokha.
• Qaphela ngokukhangisa nge-APR emele lapho ukubekwa kwamanani ngokwengozi kusho ukuthi ababoleki abaningi bakhokha ngaphezu kwesilinganiso esikhangisiwe.
• Phatha igebe elibanzi phakathi kwezinga lenzalo elishiwo ne-APR njengophawu lomklamo. Uma izinga elikhangisiwe lingu-15% futhi i-APR ingu-40%, umnotho womkhiqizo usezinkokhelweni, futhi lokho kuzodonsa kokubili ukunakwa kwabalawuli nokulahleka kwamakhasimende okubangelwa ukuqhathanisa.