Inhlawulo yokukhokha ngaphambi kwesikhathi

Inhlawulo yokukhokha ngaphambi kwesikhathi iyinkokhelo ekhokhiswayo lapho umboleki ekhokha imali ebolekiwe — yonke noma ingxenye — ngaphambi kwesikhathi esivunyelwene. Ibizwa nangokuthi inkokhelo yokukhokha kusenesikhathi, imali yokuxazulula isikweletu kusenesikhathi, inkokhelo yokuphuma noma, ekubolekiseni kwezohwebo, izindleko zokwephula noma inkokhelo yokubuyisela ngokugcwele.

Le nkokhelo ikhona ngoba imali ebolekiwe ifakwa inani ngesikhathi sokuphila esicatshangwayo. Ukukhokha kusenesikhathi kuqeda umfudlana wemali engenayo yombolekisi ngokushesha kunalokho okwakucatshangwa ekufakeni inani, futhi inhlawulo ihloselwe ukubuyisa lokho kusilela.

Kungani ababolekisi bekhokhisa ngokukhokha kusenesikhathi

Okomnotho kungokoqobo, noma ngabe umuntu ucabangani ngomphumela kumthengi.

• Isivuno esilahlekile. Umbolekisi wabeka inzuzo ngesikhathi esilindelekile. Ukukhokha kusenesikhathi kususa imali engenayo esele.
• Ukungahambisani kokuxhaswa kwezimali. Lapho imali ebolekiwe ixhaswe ngezibopho zesikhathi esilinganayo — idiphozithi egxilile, ukubolekwa kwesikhathi esithile — umbolekisi uyaqhubeka ekhokhela ukuxhaswa okungasenayo impahla yokusekela ngemuva kwakho. Lesi yisizathu esinamandla kakhulu, futhi yingakho izinhlawulo zivikeleka kakhulu ekubolekiseni ngenzalo egxilile kunasekubolekiseni ngenzalo eguqukayo.
• Izindleko zokusungula ezingakabuyiswa. Ukuhlolwa kwezikweletu, ukulinganisa inani, umsebenzi wezomthetho, ukubhaliswa kanye nekhomishini kwenziwa ekuqaleni futhi kuyabuyiselwa phakathi nesikhathi. Imali ebolekiwe ekhokhwe onyakeni wokuqala ingase ingakaze ikwazi ukukhokhela izindleko zayo zokumisa.
• Ukukhetha okungalungile. Ukukhokha kusenesikhathi akukona okungahleliwe. Ababoleki baxhasa kabusha ngezimali lapho izilinganiso zehla futhi bahlale bengenzi lutho lapho izilinganiso zikhuphuka, ngakho inketho isebenza ngokuhlelekile ngokumelene nombolekisi.

Indlela yokubheka njengenketho

Indlela ecacile kunazo zonke yokuqonda inhlawulo yokukhokha ngaphambi kwesikhathi iwukuyibheka njengenani lenketho. Ilungelo lokukhokha kusenesikhathi libaluleke ngempela kumboleki — limvumela ukuthi azuze ukwehla kwezinga lenzalo, adayise impahla, noma aphume esibonelelweni sezimali esingasamlingani.

Lapho ukukhokha kusenesikhathi kungakhokhiswa, leyo nketho inikelwa mahhala, futhi izindleko zayo zifakwa enanini lenzalo ekhokhiswa kubo bonke ababoleki kulo mkhiqizo.

Alukho uhlelo olungcono ngokwemvelo kunolunye. Okubalulekile ukuthi umboleki uyazi ukuthi yiluphi aluthengile.

Izinhlaka ezivamile

• Iphesenti eligondile: Iphesenti elimisiwe lenani elikhokhwa kusengaphambili, ngokuvamile 1–5%. (Ngokuvamile kutholakala ezikweletini zabathengi kanye nezama-SME)
• Inzalo yezinyanga: Inani elishiwo lezinyanga lenzalo esambeni esikhokhwa kusengaphambili. (Ngokuvamile kutholakala ezikweletini zomuntu siqu nasezikweletini zezindlu)
• Isikali esishintshayo: Kwehla ngonyaka — ngokwesibonelo 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1%. (Ngokuvamile kutholakala ezikweletini zezindlu ezinezinga elingaguquki nasezikweletini zesikhathi esinqunyiwe)
• Isabelo samahhala: Ukukhokha ngaphezulu kwaminyaka yonke okuvunyelwe, ngokuvamile 10% yebhalansi, kukhokhiswa kuphela ngaphezu kwalokho. (Ngokuvamile kutholakala ezikweletini zezindlu)
• Isikhathi sokuvinjelwa: Ukukhokha kusengaphambili akuvunyelwe nhlobo esikhathini sokuqala. (Ngokuvamile kutholakala ezakhiweni zezentengiselwano nasezinsizeni ezihlelekile)
• Ukugcinwa kwesivuno: Inani lamanje lenzalo elahlekile yombolekisi, kudicountwa ngezinga eliyireferensi. (Ngokuvamile kutholakala ekubolekiseni kwezentengiselwano)
• Defeasance: Obolekayo ufaka esikhundleni izibambiso ezikhiqiza ukugeleza kwemali okulinganayo. (Ngokuvamile kutholakala ezikweletini zezindlu zezentengiselwano ezenziwe ngamasecurity)
• Akukho kubuyiselwa kwenzalo engakatholwa: Akukho mali ecacile ekhokhiswayo, kodwa inzalo ebalwe kusengaphambili igcinwa ngokuphelele. (Ngokuvamile kutholakala ezikweletini ezinezinga eligondile nezibalwe kusengaphambili)

Leyo phuzu lokugcina ifanelwe ukugcizelelwa. Emalini mboleko enezinga eligondile lapho obolekisayo egcina yonke inzalo ebhalwe esivumelwaneni kungakhathaliseki ukuthi imali mboleko ikhokhwa nini, akukho nto efakwe ohlwini ebizwa ngokuthi inhlawulo — kodwa obolekayo akazuzi lutho nhlobo ngokukhokha kusengaphambili. Umthelela wezomnotho wukuthi kuba inkokhiso engu-100% yokukhokha kusengaphambili. Bheka ingxoxo yezindlela zokubuyiselwa ngaphansi kokukhokha ngaphezulu.

Isibalo sokulingana

Ukuthi ukukhokha kusengaphambili kufanelekile yini kuyindaba yezibalo, hhayi yokwahlulela.

Umthetho:

Prepay if:  interest avoided  >  penalty + new origination costs

Isimo A — ukukhokha usebenzisa imali eyongiwe. $50,000 okusasele ngo-15% ngonyaka, kusele izinyanga ezingama-36, inhlawulo engu-3% yebhalansi esele.

Instalment                     = $1,733.31
Interest over remaining term   = $12,399
Penalty (3% × 50,000)          = $1,500
Net saving                     = $10,899

Kusobala ukuthi kufanele kwenziwe. Uma imali ikhokhwa ngokuphelele, obolekayo ugwema yonke inzalo esele futhi ukhokha inhlawulo kanye.

Isimo B — ukuboleka kabusha ngemali mboleko eshibhile. Isimo esifanayo, ukuboleka kabusha ama-$50,000 ngo-12% phakathi kwezinyanga ezifanayo ezingama-36.

Interest on existing loan at 15%   = $12,399
Interest on new loan at 12%        = $9,786
Interest saved                     = $2,613
Less penalty                       = $1,500
Net benefit before new fees        = $1,113

Manje sekuncane. Imali entsha yokuhlela engu-2–3% ku-$50,000 ingadlula ngokuphelele inzuzo esele futhi yenze ukuboleka kabusha kube nokulahlekelwa.

Isifundo siyasebenza kabanzi: ukukhokhela imalimboleko ngemali ekhona cishe njalo kudlula inhlawulo; ukuboleka kabusha kwenye imalimboleko ngokuvamile akudluli. Inhlawulo iqhathaniswa nomehluko wezinga, hhayi nayo yonke ibhili yenzalo.

Umthethonqubo

Izinkokhelo ezenziwa kusengaphambili ziphakathi kwezinhlobo zezinkokhelo ezilawulwa kakhulu, ngoba umboleki ujeziswa ngokunciphisa isikweletu sakhe siqu.

Izindlela ezijwayelekile zokulawula:

• Ukwenqatshelwa ngokuphelele kwezinye izigaba zezikweletu zabathengi
• Imikhawulo enanini, noma enkathini lapho inkokhelo ingase isebenze khona
• Isaphulelo esiyimpoqo senzalo engakatholwa, ukuze inzalo ebalwe kusengaphambili ingagcinwa isikhathi umboleki angazange asisebenzise
• Ukwenqatshelwa kwemalimboleko enezinga eliguquguqukayo, ngesizathu sokuthi umbolekisi akanazo izindleko ezimisiwe zoxhaso okufanele azephule.
• Umkhawulo we-Rule of 78 nezindlela ezifanayo zokubeka isaphulelo kusengaphambili
• Ukudalulwa kwangaphambi kwesivumelwano kwenkokhelo, isisekelo sayo sokubalwa nesikhathi sayo
• Izibopho zekhotheshini yokukhokha — umbolekisi kufanele anikeze inani uma elicelwa, lihlelwe ngokwezinto futhi lisebenza isikhathi esishiwo

Imithetho ethize yehluka kakhulu ngokwendawo yomthetho nomkhiqizo.

Lokho umboleki okufanele akuhlole

1. Ingabe ikhona yini inkokhelo nhlobo? Imalimboleko eminingi ayinayo.
2. Ibalwa kanjani — ngamaphesenti, inzalo yezinyanga, isikali esishintshayo, ukugcinwa kwesivuno?
3. Ingabe iyancipha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, futhi ingabe umboleki usesidlulile yini isikhathi lapho yehla khona?
4. Ingabe sikhona yini isibonelelo samahhala sokukhokha imali engaphezulu eyingxenye okungaphansi komkhawulo othile?
5. Lithini inani langempela lokukhokha, ngokungafani nebhalansi esele? Lezi ziyahluka uma inzalo engakatholwa, izinkokhelo noma amaprimiyamu womshwalense angabuyiselwanga ebandakanyekile.
6. Ingabe iprimiyamu yomshwalense wempilo wekhredithi engakatholwa iyabuyiselwa yini? Kufanele ibuyiselwe, futhi kunciphisa kancane inhlawulo.
7. Isilinganiso sisebenza isikhathi esingakanani? Izibalo zokuvala zivame ukuphelelwa yisikhathi, futhi inzalo iyaqhubeka nokukhula kuze kufike inkokhelo.

Okucatshangelwa ngababolekisi

• Yenza inkokhiso ihambisane nezindleko zangempela. Inhlawulo ebuyisa izindleko zangempela zokwephulwa koxhaso iyavikeleka; leyo elungiselelwe ukuvimbela ukushintsha iyingozi yokuziphatha futhi iya ngokuya ibe ingozi yokulawulwa.
• Khetha izikali ezehlayo. Zilandelela izindleko zokuqaliswa ezingakabuyiswa kangcono kakhulu kune-inkokhiso engaguquki egcinwa injalo kuyo yonke ithemu.
• Daluza isisekelo sokubala, hhayi nje ukuthi kukhona inkokhiso. Ababolekayo abathola isibalo sokuvala abangakwazi ukusiqhathanisa bacabanga ukuthi bakhokhiswa ngokweqile, bese kulandela izikhalazo.
• Esikhundleni salokho, cabangela ukudluliswa kwesilinganiso. Ukuvumela umbolekayo ukuthi adlulisele isilinganiso senzalo empahleni entsha kugcina ubudlelwano ngaphandle kokumjezisa.
• Linganisa indlela yokukhokha kusengaphambi kwesikhathi. Isivinini sokukhokha kusengaphambi kwesikhathi sithinta ukubikezelwa kwemali engenayo yenzalo kanye nobude besikhathi bempahla nezikweletu; iphothifoliyo enenani elinqunywe ngesikhathi senkontileka izolokhu ibikezela imali engenayo ngokweqile.
• Ungasebenzisi imithetho yokwaba njengenhlawulo esikhundleni senye. Ukuphazamisa izinkokhelo ezeqile ngokuziqondisa enzalweni noma ku-suspense esikhundleni sokuqondisa kwinani eliyinhloko kufinyelela umphumela ofanayo ngaphandle kokudalula, futhi abalawuli bakuthatha kanjalo.