Ukunakekelwa kwemalimboleko

Kuyini ukuphathwa kwemalimboleko?

Ukuphathwa kwemalimboleko wukulawulwa okuqhubekayo kwemalimboleko kusukela esikhathini lapho izimali zikhishwa khona kuze kuvalwe i-akhawunti. Kuhlanganisa konke okwenziwa umbolekisi ngemva kokuba isinqumo sesikweletu senziwe: ukukhokhisa umboleki, ukuqoqa izinkokhelo, ukufaka lezo zinkokhelo ezingxenyeni ezifanele zesikweletu, ukulandelela izinsalela ezingakhokhiwe, ukubamba nokukhulula isibambiso, ukuxhumana nomboleki, kanye nokukhiqiza amarekhodi athembelwa ababali bezimali nabalawuli.

Lapho ukusungulwa kwemalimboleko kuphendula umbuzo othi "kufanele sibolekise, futhi ngayiphi imibandela?", ukuphathwa kwemalimboleko kuphendula umbuzo othi "ingabe le malimboleko ibuyiselwa njengoba kuvunyelwene, futhi ingabe amabhuku ethu akhuluma iqiniso ngayo?" Ukusungulwa kuwumsebenzi onesikhathi sokuphela. Ukuphathwa kuyinqubo eqhubeka impilo yonke yemalimboleko.

Umhlinzeki wesevisi yemalimboleko yinhlangano eyenza lo msebenzi. Emabhizinisini amaningi okubolekisa umhlinzeki wesevisi uyena umbolekisi uqobo. Kweminye, ikakhulukazi ezimakethe zemalimboleko yezindlu nezesikweletu zabathengi, ukuphathwa kwemalimboleko kunikezwa ngenkontileka kwinkampani yangaphandle ekhethekile kuyilapho isithakazelo sezomnotho semalimboleko sisezandleni zomtshali-zimali.

Kungani ukuphathwa kwemalimboleko kubalulekile

Ukuphathwa kwemalimboleko yilapho iphothifoliyo yemalimboleko igcina khona inani layo noma ilahlekelwe yilo ngokuthula. Imalimboleko ehlolwe kahle ingase ibe yilahleko uma izinkokhelo zifakwa ngendlela engalungile, izinsalela ezingakhokhiwe zinganakwa amasonto, noma umboleki engakaze athintwe ngemva kwesitolimende esingakhokhiwe.

Imiphumela emithathu ilandela ngokuqondile kusukela kwikhwalithi yokuphathwa kwemalimboleko:

• Ikhwalithi yephothifoliyo. Ukubambezeleka kokukhokha kulungiseka kushibhile kakhulu ezinsukwini eziyisikhombisa kunakwezingamashumi ayisishiyagalolunye. Ukuphathwa kwemalimboleko kunquma ukuthi inkokhelo engekho itholakala futhi kuthathwe isinyathelo ngayo ngokushesha okungakanani.
• Isimo sezimali esibikiwe. Imali engenayo yenzalo, imali engenayo yezindleko, inzalo eqongelelwe kanye izibonelelo konke kuvela emarekhodini okuphathwa kwemalimboleko. Uma ibhuku lokuphathwa kwemalimboleko lingalungile, izitatimende zezimali azilungile.
• Isimo sokuhambisana nomthetho. Abalawuli bahlola ababolekisi ngokuhlukaniswa kwezinsalela ezingakhokhiwe, ukwanela kwezibonelelo kanye nokwaziswa kwababoleki. Bobathathu bancike kudatha yokuphathwa kwemalimboleko.

Inqubo yokuphathwa kwemalimboleko

1. Ukufakwa kwemalimboleko

Imalimboleko ifakwa ku-sistimu yokuphathwa kwemalimboleko nemibandela yayo okuvunyelwene ngayo: inani eliyinhloko, izinga lenzalo nendlela, ubude besikhathi, inani lesitolimende, imvamisa yokukhokha, izindleko, imithetho yezinhlawulo, izinkomba zesibambiso kanye nanoma yisiphi isikhathi somusa. Amaphutha okufaka ayabiza ngoba konke ukubala okulandelayo kukuthola njengefa.

2. Ukukhiqizwa kohlelo lwezinkokhelo

Uhlelo lwe-amortisation luyakhiqizwa lubonisa usuku ngalunye lwesitolimende kanye nokuhlukaniswa phakathi kwenani eliyinhloko, inzalo nanoma yiziphi izindleko eziphindekayo. Uhlelo luba yindawo eyinkomba okukalwa ngayo ukusebenza kwangempela.

3. Ukukhokhisa kanye nezikhumbuzi

Ababoleki bayaziswa ngaphambi kosuku ngalunye lokukhokha, ngokuvamile nge-SMS, nge-imeyili, ngomlayezo wangaphakathi kohlelo lokusebenza noma nge-WhatsApp. Ezimakethe lapho ababoleki bekhokha nge-imali yeselula noma ngokudluliswa kwemali ebhange, isikhumbuzi ngokuvamile siba nenkomba yokukhokha okufanele umboleki ayifake.

4. Ukuqoqwa nokubhalwa kwezinkokhelo

Izinkokhelo zifika ngokheshi egatsheni, ngokudluliswa kwemali ebhange, ngemali yeselula, nge-debit eqondile, nge-oda elimisiwe, noma ngokudonswa emholweni. Inkokhelo ngayinye kufanele ifaniswe ne-akhawunti yemalimboleko efanele futhi ifakwe ngosuku lwenani olufanele. Izinkokhelo ezingafaniswanga noma ezingaphelele zihlala ku-akhawunti ye-suspense zize zixazululwe.

5. Ukwabiwa kwezinkokhelo

Inkokhelo engenayo akuvamile ukuthi ibe isitolimende esihlanzekile. Iyehlukaniswa futhi isetshenziswe ekunciphiseni izinsalela ezingakakhokhwa ngokulandelana okuchaziwe, ngokuvamile izinhlawulo, bese kuba izimali ezikhokhwayo, bese kuba inzalo, bese kuba inhlokodwa, kanti noma iyiphi imali eyeqile iphathwa njenge-imali ekhokhwe ngokweqile noma njengemali ekhokhelwe kusengaphambili. Lokhu kuhleleka kwaziwa ngokuthi yi-waterfall yokwabiwa futhi kufanele kusetshenziswe ngokungaguquki, ngoba ukulandelana kunquma ukuthi inzalo iqhubeka inqwabelana kangakanani.

6. Ukunqwabelana kwenzalo nokubalwa kabusha

Inzalo iyaqhubeka nokunqwabelana phakathi kwezinkokhelo ngaphansi kwendlela eshiwo esivumelwaneni, kungaba i-flat, ibhalansi eyehlayo noma izinga eliguquguqukayo eliboshelwe ebhentshimakini. Izinkokhelo zangaphambi kwesikhathi, izinkokhelo eziphuzile nokuhlelwa kabusha konke kushintsha indlela yokunqwabelana futhi, emalimbolekweni yebhalansi eyehlayo, kushintsha uhlelo olusele.

7. Ukuphathwa kwezikweletu ezingakhokhiwe nokuqoqwa

Izimalimboleko eziphuzayo zihlelwa ngamabhakede ngokwezinsuku ezidlulile, ngokuvamile 1 kuya ku-30, 31 kuya ku-60, 61 kuya ku-90 kanye nezinsuku ezingaphezu kuka-90 sekudlule isikhathi. Ibhakede ngalinye livusa impendulo ehlukile: izikhumbuzi ezizenzakalelayo ekuqaleni, ukuthintana nesikhulu ngokulandelayo, bese kuba ukufunwa okusemthethweni, ukuhlelwa kabusha, noma ukubuyiswa kwemali ngesibambiso. Ukuhlelwa ngamabhakede futhi kuqhuba ukubalwa kwephothifoliyo esengcupheni kanye nokuhlukaniswa okusetshenziselwa ukubekelwa kwesibonelelo sokulahlekelwa yimalimboleko.

8. Ukunakekelwa kwama-akhawunti

Phakathi nempilo yemalimboleko umnakekeli uphatha ukuhlelwa kabusha kwezinsuku nokwakhiwa kabusha, izinguquko zezinga lenzalo, izengezo, izinkokhelo zangaphambi kwesikhathi eziyingxenye, ukuxolelwa kwezimali ezikhokhwayo, ukubuyekezwa kwemininingwane yokuxhumana yomboleki, kanye nezinguquko kubaqinisekisi noma ubulungu beqembu.

9. Izinkokhelo ze-escrow nezezinhlangothi zesithathu

Lapho umbolekisi eqoqa izimali egameni labanye, njengamaphrimiyamu omshwalense wempilo wekhredithi, izintela zezakhiwo, noma izimali ezidonswayo ezingokomthetho, lezo zimali zigcinwa ngokwehlukene futhi zithunyelwa ngokohlelo. Lezi zinsalela aziyona imali engenayo yombolekisi futhi akufanele zixutshwe nayo.

10. Ukubika kwabatshalizimali nabaxhasi bezimali

Ababolekisi abaxhaswa yimigqa ye-wholesale, izikhungo eziyinhloko, noma izikhungo zezimali zentuthuko babika ukusebenza kwephothifoliyo ngomjikelezo okuvunyelwene ngawo. Izibopho ze-PAR, izilinganiso zokusula izikweletu kanye nemikhawulo yokugxilisa zihlolwa ngokumelene nedatha yokunakekela.

11. Ukukhokha okuphelele, ukuvala nokukhulula

Lapho inkokhelo yokugcina isulwa, umnakekeli uqinisekisa ibhalansi eyiziro, ukhipha incwadi yokuvala noma yokusula, ukhulula noma yisiphi isibambiso noma intshisekelo yesibambiso, ubuyekeza i-credit bureau, futhi ugcina ifayela ngesikhathi esimiswe umthetho sokugcinwa kwalo.

Ukunakekelwa kwemalimboleko kuqhathaniswa nokudala imalimboleko

Ukudala imalimboleko

• Umbuzo ophenduliwe: Ingabe kufanele sibolekise, futhi ngayiphi imigomo?
• Isikhathi: Izinsuku noma amasonto
• Imisebenzi eyinhloko: Isicelo, i-KYC, ukuhlolwa kwesikweletu, ukuvunyelwa, kanye nokukhishwa kwezimali
• Ingozi eyinhloko: Ukukhethwa okungalungile kanye nokukhwabanisa
• Kuphela lapho: Izimali sezikhishiwe

Ukunakekelwa kwemalimboleko

• Umbuzo ophendulwayo: Ingabe le malimboleko isebenza kahle, futhi ingabe amarekhodi ethu alungile?
• Isikhathi: Isikhathi esigcwele semalimboleko
• Imisebenzi eyinhloko: Ukukhokhisa, ukuqoqa, ukwabiwa, ukuphathwa kwezikweletu ezingakhokhiwe, ukubika, kanye nokuvalwa
• Ingozi eyinhloko: Iphutha lokusebenza kanye nokungakhokhi ngesikhathi okungatholiwe
• Kuphela lapho: I-akhawunti ivaliwe noma ibhalwe phansi

Kokubili kungaphansi komkhakha obanzi wokuphathwa komjikelezo wempilo yemalimboleko, okuphatha lokhu kokubili njengokuqhubekayo kunokuhlukanisa.

Ukunakekelwa kwangaphakathi kuqhathaniswa nokunakekelwa okuvela eceleni

Ukunakekelwa kwangaphakathi kugcina ukuphathwa kumbolekisi owasungula imalimboleko. Kulondoloza ubudlelwano nomboleki, kugcina idatha ngaphansi kokulawulwa okuqondile, futhi kufanele ababolekisi abanamaphothifoliyo amancane ngokwanele noma akhethekile ngokwanele kangangokuthi ukuphathwa ngaphandle akunikezi nzuzo yesikali. Iningi izikhungo zezimali ezincane, ama-SACCO kanye namabhizinisi amancane abolekisayo anakekela ngaphakathi.

Ukunakekelwa okuvela eceleni kudlulisela ukuphathwa kwansuku zonke kuchwepheshe. Kuvamile ezikweletini zezindlu, zezimoto kanye nezikweletu zabathengi eziyizibambiso, kuvumela abasunguli bezimalimboleko badayise izimalimboleko kuyilapho umnakekeli eqoqa egameni lomthengi ngokukhokhelwa. Umnakekeli ongaphansi wenza umsebenzi ngaphansi kwenkontileka kumnakekeli oqokiwe ogcina ubudlelwano neklayenti.

Amalungelo okunakekela ayilungelo lenkontileka lokunakekela imalimboleko nokuthola imali ekhokhwayo ehambisanayo. Ezimakethe zezimalimboleko zezindlu la malungelo ayathengwa futhi adayiswe njengempahla, afakwa ebhalansini njengamalungelo okunakekela izimalimboleko zezindlu (ama-MSR), futhi anenani elilinganiswa ngokugeleza kwemali okulindelekile esikhathini esizayo okulungiselwe isivinini sokukhokha kusenesikhathi.

Izimali zokunakekela imalimboleko

Abaphathi bamalimboleko banxephezolwa ngezindlela eziningana:

• Inkokhelo yokunakekela. Iphesenti elingashintshi lenani eliyinhloko elingakakhokhwa, ngokuvamile izinga lonyaka elidonswa kusukela emalini eqoqiwe.
• Imali engenayo eyengeziwe. Izinkokhelo zokulibala, izinkokhelo zokubuyiselwa kwemali ekhokhiwe, izinkokhelo zesitatimende kanye nezinkokhelo zokucubungula ukukhokha ngokuphelele.
• I-float. Inzalo etholakala emalini eqoqiwe ngesikhathi esiphakathi kokuqoqwa nokudluliselwa.

Imithetho yokuvikela abathengi ezindaweni eziningi inciphisa noma idalule lezi zinkokhelo, futhi imihlahlandlela yokuqapha ingakhawulela izinkokhelo umabolekisi olawulwayo angazifaka kumboleki osenkingeni.

Ukunakekelwa kwemalimboleko kwezimali ezincane

Ukunakekelwa kwemalimboleko kwezimali ezincane kwehlukile kwezikweletu ezijwayelekile zomthengi ngezindlela ezilolonga izinhlelo nabasebenzi:

• Umthamo ophezulu wemisebenzi, amanani amancane emalimboleko. Iphothifoliyo yezinkulungwane ezimbalwa zemalimboleko ezikhokhwa masonto onke ikhiqiza imicimbi eminingi kakhulu yokufakwa kwedatha kunebhuku lezimalimboleko zezindlu zenani elifanayo.
• Ukubolekiswa kwamaqembu. Izinkokhelo zingafika njengenkokhelo eyodwa yeqembu okufanele ihlukaniswe phakathi kwamalungu ngamanye ngaphansi kwemithetho yokubambisana kwesibopho.
• Ukuqoqwa kwemali endaweni. Izikhulu zemalimboleko ziqoqa endaweni, ngakho irekhodi lokukhokha nokunyakaza kwemali kungahlukaniswa ngesikhathi. Izilawuli zokuqhathanisa zibaluleke kakhulu kunamamodeli wamagatsha kuphela.
• Imali yeselula. Ingxenye enkulu yemali eqoqiwe ifika ngama-wallet eselula, okudinga ukuqhathanisa okuzenzakalelayo kwezinkomba zemisebenzi nama-akhawunti emalimboleko.
• Imisebenzi yamagatsha amaningi. Ukubalwa kwegatsha kukho konke okufakiwe kuyadingeka kukho kokubili ukukala ukusebenza nokuziphendulela.

Amaphutha avamile ekunakekeleni imalimboleko

• Izinkokhelo ezisetshenziswe ngendlela engeyona. Ukusebenzisa enanini eliyinhloko ngaphambi kwenzalo, noma ukungazinaki izinhlawulo eziqoqiwe, kunciphisa imali engenayo futhi kuhlanekezela uhlelo.
• Ama-akhawunti alindile angakaqhathaniswa. Izinkokhelo ezingakwazi ukuqhathaniswa ziyanqwabelana, ababoleki babonakala bengekho esikhathini ngenkathi bengekho, futhi i-PAR iboniswa iphezulu kakhulu.
• Ukunakekelwa kohlelo ngesandla. Ukuhlelwa kabusha okubalwa kabusha kumaspredishithi kuphambuka ebhukwini lokubhala.
• Idatha endala yezikweletu ezingakhokhiwe. Ukubalwa kobudala bezikweletu ngenyanga esikhundleni sezinsuku zonke kubambezela zonke izenzo zokuqoqa kuze kube yinyanga.
• Umkhondo obuthakathaka wokuhlola. Ngaphandle kwerekhodi lokuthi ubani oshintshe ini futhi nini, ukuxolelwa nokukhanselwa kwezikweletu akukwazi ukulawulwa.
• Ukukhula kwenzalo okuthule emalimbolekweni angakhokhi kahle. Ukuqhubeka nokuqaphela inzalo emalimbolekweni angeke akhokhwe kwandisa imali engenayo kuze kufike ukusulwa emabhukwini.

Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa

Ingabe ukuphathwa kwemalimboleko kuyashintsha uma imalimboleko idayiswa? Izibopho zomboleki azishintshi. Okungashintsha yilapho izinkokhelo zithunyelwa khona nokuthi ubani okufanele axhumane naye. Ukudluliswa kokuphathwa kwemalimboleko ngokuvamile kudinga ukwaziswa okubhaliwe kusengaphambili kumboloki.

Kuyini uhlelo lokuphathwa kwemalimboleko? Isofthiwe egcina amarekhodi emalimboleko, ikhiqiza amahlelo okukhokha, ifaka futhi yabele izinkokhelo, ihlela izikweletu ezingakhokhiwe ngobudala bazo, ibala izinhlinzeko, futhi ikhiqize okufakiwe ezincwadini zezimali kanye nemibiko yokulawula. Ingene esikhundleni samaspredishithi ababolekisi abaningi abancane abaqala ngawo.

Ingabe ukuphathwa kwemalimboleko kulawulwa? Ezindaweni eziningi zomthetho, yebo. Imithetho ngokuvamile ilawula ukudalulwa kwezindleko, ukuvama kwezitatimende, ukwaziswa ngezikweletu ezingakhokhiwe, ukuphathwa kwababoleki abasebunzimeni, ukuvikeleka kwedatha kanye nokugcinwa kwamarekhodi. Izidingo ziyehluka ngokwezwe nangohlobo lombolekisi.

Kwenzekani ngokuphathwa kwemalimboleko lapho imalimboleko isulwa emabhukwini? Ukusulwa emabhukwini kuyisenzo sokubhala ezimalini, hhayi ukukhululwa ngokomthetho. Umbolekisi ususa impahla eshidini lamanani kodwa imizamo yokubuyisa imali kanye nokugcinwa kwamarekhodi ngokuvamile kuyaqhubeka, futhi noma yikuphi ukubuyiseka kamuva kubalwa njengemali engenayo.