Inkokhelo yesevisi

Inkokhelo yesevisi iyinkokhelo yokuphatha isivumelwano sesikweletu, ekhokhiswa ngokwehlukile enzalweni. Ivamise ukuphindaphindeka — nyanga zonke noma ngonyaka — futhi ihloselwe ukukhokhela izindleko zokusebenza zokugcina i-akhawunti yemalimboleko kunokuba kube izindleko zemali ebolekiwe.

Ibizwa nangokuthi inkokhelo yokunakekela, inkokhelo yokuphatha, inkokhelo yokugcinwa kwe-akhawunti noma inkokhelo yanyanga zonke. Kwezinye izindawo iyinkokhelo echazwe ngokomthetho enomkhawulo omisiwe; kwezinye leli gama lisetshenziswa ngokukhululekile kuhlu lwezinkokhelo ezahlukene.

Umehluko enzalweni ubalulekile:

• Inzalo iyintengo yokuboleka imali. Ikhula ngenani nesikhathi.
• Inkokhelo yesevisi iyintengo yokuphatha i-akhawunti. Ngokuvamile ayikhuli ngenani, okuyisizathu sokuthi ibe nesisindo esikhulu kakhulu emalimbolekweni emincane.

Okuhloswe ukukhokhelwa yinkokhelo yesevisi

• Ukugcinwa kwe-akhawunti nokugcinwa kwamarekhodi
• Ukucutshungulwa kwezinkokhelo nokuvumelanisa
• Ukukhiqizwa kwezitatimende nezaziso
• Umsebenzi ojwayelekile wokuqoqa — izikhumbuzo, ukulandelela izikweletu ezingakhokhiwe
• Isevisi yamakhasimende nokuphathwa kwemibuzo
• Ukuthunyelwa ezikhungweni zamakhredithi nokubika ngokomthetho
• Amasistimu, amalayisense nengqalasizinda okuhlobene nokunakekela

Lezi yizindleko zangempela, futhi ngokuyinhloko zingaguquki nge-akhawunti ngayinye. Ukunakekela imalimboleko engu-$500 kubiza umbolekisi cishe ngokufana ncamashi nokunakekela imalimboleko engu-$50,000.

Inqwaba yezinkokhelo emalimbolekweni

Inkokhelo yesevisi ayivamisile ukuvela yodwa. Ukuqonda isamba sezindleko kusho ukubona yonke inqwaba.

• Ukuqaliswa / ukusungulwa / ukuhlelwa: Ikhokhiswa kanye ngesikhathi sokukhishwa kwemali; ibalwa njengephesenti lenani eliyinhloko, ngezinye izikhathi ibe nengxenye egxilile.
• Isevisi / ukuphatha: Iyaphindaphindeka (nyanga zonke noma ngonyaka); ngokuvamile iyinani eligxilile.
• Iprimiyamu yomshwalense wempilo yesikweletu: Kukhokhiswa nyanga zonke noma njengeprimiyamu eyodwa ekhokhelwa ngemalimboleko; kubalwa njengephesenti lebhalansi noma lenhloko-mali yasekuqaleni.
• Inkokhelo yokukhokha sekwephuzile / inhlawulo: Kukhokhiswa ngesitolimende ngasinye esingakhokhiwe; inani elimisiwe noma iphesenti lesitolimende.
• Ukuqoqwa nokubuyiswa ngokomthetho: Kukhokhiswa lapho kungakhokhwa; izindleko zangempela noma inkokhelo yesikali esisemthethweni.
• Inkokhelo yokukhokha kusenesikhathi: Kukhokhiswa ekukhokheni kusenesikhathi; iphesenti lebhalansi eseleyo noma izinyanga ezilinganayo zenzalo.
• Inkokhelo yokuhlela kabusha: Kukhokhiswa ekuguqulweni kwenkontileka; inani elimisiwe noma iphesenti.
• Isitatimende / idokhumenti eyimpinda: Kukhokhiswa uma kuceliwe; inani elimisiwe.
• Izindleko ezidluliselwa kubantu besithathu: Kukhokhiswa njengoba zenzeka (isib., ukulinganisa inani, ukubhalisa, ukuhlolwa kwe-bureau, intela yezitembu).

Izintathu zokuqala kuphela ngokuvamile zaziwa ngesikhathi sokuqalwa kwemalimboleko, futhi yizona kuphela ezifanele ukufakwa ezindlekweni eziphelele zesikweletu ezishiwo kumboleki.

Izinkokhelo aziveli ezingeni lenzalo

Lesi yisizathu esenza izinkokhelo zibaluleke njengentengo.

Isibonelo esisetshenziwe. Imalimboleko engu-$1,000 yezinyanga eziyi-12 ngenzalo engu-24% ngonyaka ebhalansini eyehlayo, nenkokhelo yokuqalisa engu-5% kanye nenkokhelo yesevisi yanyanga zonke engu-$8.

Instalment (interest only in the rate)   = $94.56
Total interest                           = $134.72
Service fees (8 × 12)                    = $96.00
Initiation fee (5% × 1,000)              = $50.00
                                          ─────────
Total cost of credit                     = $280.72

Umboleki uthola $950 ngemva kokuba inkokhelo yokuqalisa isikhishiwe, bese ekhokha $102.56 njalo ngenyanga izinyanga eziyishumi nambili. Ukuxazululela izinga elenza lezo zigeleza zemali zilingane:

Quoted nominal rate       = 24% per annum
Actual APR                ≈ 51% per annum
Effective annual rate     ≈ 64%

Izinga lenzalo lishiwo ngokwethembeka. Izinkokhelo ziliphindaphinde ngaphezu kokuphindwe kabili.

Kungani imalimboleko emincane ihlupheka kakhulu

Inkokhelo yanyanga zonke engaguquki iyacindezela ngokwakhiwa kwayo:

$8/month on a $1,000 loan   = 9.6% of principal per year
$8/month on a $10,000 loan  = 0.96% of principal per year
$8/month on a $50,000 loan  = 0.19% of principal per year

Inkokhelo efanayo, evikelekayo njengokubuyisa izindleko emalimbolekweni enkulu, iba yingxenye enkulu yezindleko emalimbolekweni encane. Emalimbolekweni emincane kakhulu, emifushane kakhulu, izinkokhelo zivame ukudlula inzalo izikhathi eziningana.

Lokhu akusho ukuthi kuyaxhaphaza ngokuzenzakalelayo — izindleko eziyisisekelo zimisiwe ngempela, futhi umbolekisi ongakwazi ukuzibuyisa uzomane ayeke ukunikeza imalimboleko emincane, okubi kakhulu kubaboleki abathintekayo. Kodwa kusho ukuthi intengo yemalimboleko encane kufanele ihlulelwe ngokuya ngezindleko eziphelele, hhayi ngezinga lenzalo.

Izikhawu zezinga lenzalo nokuthuthela kwezinkokhelo

Lapho abalawuli bebeka izikhawu ezingeni lenzalo kodwa hhayi ezinkokhelweni, izindleko zithuthela ezinkokhelweni ngendlela ebikezelwayo. Izinga elikhangisiwe liyahlangabezana nemigomo; izindleko eziphelele azehlisi.

Yingakho ukulawulwa kwesikweletu kwesimanje kuya ngokuya:

• Kubeka izikhawu ezinkokhelweni kanye nasenzalweni, ngokuvamile ngefomula — ingxenye engaguquki kuhlanganiswa nephesenti lenhloko-mali, ngaphansi komkhawulo ophezulu
• Kudinga ukuthi zonke izindleko eziphoqelekile zifakwe ku-APR evezwayo noma esibalweni sezindleko eziphelele zesikweletu
• Kuvimbela izindleko ezingashiwongo esivumelwaneni
• Kukhawulela izimali zesevisi ngesikhathi sokubambezeleka, ngemva kokwehluleka ukukhokha, noma ngemva kwesahlulelo
• Kuvimbela ukukhokhisa kabili ngesevisi efanayo

Umkhawulo wenzalo kuphela akuwona umkhawulo wezindleko.

Lapho imali yesevisi ingathetheleleka

• Ibuyisa izindleko zangempela eziphindaphindekayo kunokuba ithathe indawo yenzalo
• Ivezwa ngaphambi kokusayina, esivumelwaneni naseshejulini yokukhokha
• Ifakwe ezindlekweni eziphelele zesikweletu nase-APR
• Ihambisana ngokulingene nesevisi enikezwe ngempela
• Ima lapho isevisi ima — akukho mali yesevisi ku-akhawunti esuliwe
• Ayikhokhiswa kabusha ngomsebenzi osuvele ukhokhelwe, njengemali entsha yokuqalisa ku-top-up ehlanganisa ukuhlola umbolekisi angazange akwenze futhi

Izimpawu zokuxwayisa

• Izimali ezeqa inzalo emalimbolekweni encane, ngaphandle kokuthi lokho kuvezwe ngokucacile
• Izimali zesevisi eziqhubeka zengezeka ngemva kokwehluleka ukukhokha, isahlulelo noma ukusulwa
• Izimali ezethulwa noma ezikhuphulwa phakathi nesikhathi sesivumelwano ngaphandle kwesisekelo senkontileka
• Izimali ezintsha zokuqalisa ezikhokhiswa esambeni esiphelele se-top-up, ezihlanganisa umsebenzi wokusetha osuvele wenziwe
• Izindleko ezivela esibalweni sokuvaleleka ezingakaze zivele eshejulini
• Izinga elicashuniwe elingeke livumelaniswa namanani angempela okukhokha

Ukuphathwa kwezimali

Umehluko phakathi kwezinhlobo zezinkokhelo ubalulekile ekubikeni kanye nasekudaluleni.

Ngaphansi kwe-IFRS 9, izinkokhelo eziyingxenye ebalulekile yezinga lenzalo elisebenzayo — izinkokhelo zokuqalisa nokuvula, kanye nezindleko zokwenziwayo ezihlobene ngqo — azibonwa ngokushesha. Ziyabekelwa eceleni futhi ziyasatshalaliswa esikhathini esilindelekile sempilo yemalimboleko ngokusebenzisa izinga lenzalo elisebenzayo.

Izinkokhelo zesevisi eqhubekayo ehlukile, njengokuphathwa kwangempela kwe-akhawunti, ngokuvamile zibonwa njengoba isevisi inikezwa ngaphansi kwe-IFRS 15.

Ukuqaphela izinkokhelo zokuqalisa njengemali engenayo esheshayo kuyiphutha elivamile kubabolekisi abancane. Kwandisa inzuzo yesikhathi sokuqala ngokweqile, kuyinciphisa kamuva, futhi kukhukhumalisa isivuno esibikiwe ekubolekisweni okusha. Ukuhlolwa akukhona ukuthi inkokhelo ibizwa ngani kodwa ukuthi ngabe iyisinxephezelo sokuqalisa imalimboleko noma sesevisi ehlukile elethwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Izinto okufanele zicatshangelwe ngababolekisi

• Beka izinkokhelo ngokwesisekelo sezindleko ongakwazi ukuzivikela kumlawuli, futhi ubhale phansi ukubalwa.
• Shono izindleko eziphelele zesikweletu ngokugqamile , hhayi izinga lenzalo kuphela. Lapho izimbangi zisho amazinga kuphela, ukusho izindleko eziphelele ngokusobala kuyindlela yangempela yokwehluka kubaboleki abanolwazi.
• Khombisa izinkokhelo ohlelweni lokukhokha , umugqa ngomugqa, ukuze isitolimende sivumelane.
• Yima ukukhokhisa izinkokhelo zesevisi kuma-ama-akhawunti angasebenzi kahle. Ukuqongelela izinkokhelo emalimbolekweni ongayisevisi kukhukhumalisa ibhalansi ebikiwe, kuhlanekezela izibalo zezikweletu ezingakhokhiwe futhi akuvamisile ukusinda ekuphikisweni.
• Buyekeza izinkokhelo ezingaguquki ngokuqhathanisa nokwenzeka kwemalimboleko encane. Uma izinkokhelo zidlula inzalo emkhiqizweni, lokho kuwuphawu mayelana nesakhiwo somkhiqizo, hhayi nje intengo yawo.
• Sebenzisa ukuhlukaniswa ngokwezimali okufanele phakathi kwezinkokhelo zokuqalisa ezisatshalaliswa zibe yizinga lenzalo elisebenzayo kanye nezinkokhelo zesevisi ezibonwa njengezitholiwe.