Imbuyiselo ye-bullet

A bullet repayment ukukhokhwa kwemali eyinhloko yonke yemalimboleko ngokukhokha kanye kuphela ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa, ngaphandle kokwehliswa kwemali eyinhloko phakathi nesikhathi. Inzalo ingase ikhokhwe ngezikhathi ezithile, inqwabelane bese ikhokhwa ekugcineni, noma idonswe ekuqaleni. Imalimboleko ehlelwe ngale ndlela ichazwa njenge bullet loan noma njengene bullet maturity.

Lesi sakhiwo sikhona ngoba ezinye izimali ezibolekiwe zikhokhwa ngesenzakalo hhayi ngomfudlana wemali engenayo. Lapho ukukhokhwa kuncike ekuthengisweni, ekuvunweni, ekubolekweni kabusha noma ekuqedweni kwephrojekthi, ukusabalalisa imali eyinhloko phakathi nesikhathi akusizi muntu — imali yokukhokha ayikho nje kuze kube yilapho isenzakalo senzeka.

Bullet vs. balloon vs. amortising

Lona umehluko ovame ukungaqondwa kahle, futhi umehluko ungowezinga elibalulekile ekusebenzeni.

• Ngokugcwele amortising: Imali eyinhloko ikhokhwa kancane kancane phakathi nesikhathi ngezitolimende ezijwayelekile zenzalo nemali eyinhloko; kuphela isitolimende esihleliwe sokugcina esikhokhwa ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa.
• Balloon: Imali eyinhloko ikhokhwa ngokwengxenye phakathi nesikhathi ngezitolimende ezincane; isamba esikhulu (esingaphansi kwemali eyinhloko ephelele) sisala sikhokhwa ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa.
• Bullet: Ayikho imali eyinhloko ekhokhwayo phakathi nesikhathi (izinkokhelo ziyinzalo kuphela noma azikho); ibhalansi yonke yemali eyinhloko ikhokhwa ngokugcwele ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa.

I balloon ikhokha imali eyinhloko ngokwengxenye. Umboleki wenza izinkokhelo ezehlisa ibhalansi, kodwa hhayi ngokwanele ukuyisusa, kushiya isamba sokugcina esikhulu. I bullet ayikhokhi imali eyinhloko nhlobo — ibhalansi ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa ilingana nebhalansi ngesikhathi sokudonswa, noma idlula lapho inzalo ifakwe emalini eyinhloko.

Umphumela ongokoqobo: imalimboleko ye-balloon inika umbolekisi umfudlana wezinkokhelo zemali eyinhloko ozehlisa kokubili ubungozi futhi ubonise ukuthi umboleki uyakwazi yini ukubhekana nesimo. Imalimboleko ye-bullet ayinikeli nakukodwa kwalokhu.

Indlela inzalo ephathwa ngayo

Izinhlaka ezintathu, futhi ukukhetha kushintsha kakhulu lokho umboleki akutholayo nakukhokhayo.

Ikhonzwa. Inzalo ikhokhwa ngezikhathi ezithile ngemali yomboleki uqobo, kanti imali eyinhloko ikhokhwa ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa. Kudinga imali engenayo ebonakalayo phakathi nesikhathi, futhi kunika umbolekisi uphawu lokukhokha olujwayelekile.

Kugoqwe (kunqwabelene). Inzalo iyanqwabelana futhi yengezelwa ebhalansini, ikhokhwe kanye nenqolwa ekupheleni kwesikhathi. Akukho okuphuma ephaketheni lomboleki phakathi nesikhathi. Isamba esikweletwayo siyakhula sonke isikhathi, futhi lapho inzalo inqwabelana phezu kwenzalo, ikhula ngesisekelo esikhulayo.

Kubanjiwe (kudonsiwe). Umbolekisi udonsa inzalo yesikhathi sonke kusukela ekukhishweni kwemali mboleko. Umboleki uthola ngaphansi kwenani elibhalwe lemali mboleko. Kuvamile ekubolekeni kwesikhathi esifushane kokuboleka okuvikelekile, futhi yisizathu sokuthi inani eliphelele elitholwayo lihlala lingaphansi kwenani lemali mboleko okuvunyelwene ngalo. Inzalo engasetshenziswanga ngokuvamile iyabuyiselwa uma kukhokhwa kusenesikhathi, nakuba lokhu kufanele kuqinisekiswe kunokuba kucatshangwe nje.

Lapho kusetshenziswa ukukhokhwa kwe-bullet

Imali mboleko yebhuloho. Ikhokhwa ngokuthengiswa noma ngokubolekwa kabusha. Ukuphuma kuyisenzakalo esisodwa, ngakho ukukhokhwa kuyinkokhelo eyodwa.

Uxhaso lwentuthuko nokwakha. Kukhishwa ngezigaba ngokuhambisana nenqubekelaphambili yokwakha, kukhokhwe ngokuthengiswa kwamayunithi aqediwe noma nge-isibonelelo sesikhathi esikhundleni sayo.

Ukubolekisa ngemikhiqizo yezolimo. Kukhokhwa ngemva kokuvuna. Ukubeka izinkokhelo zenqolwa zanyanga zonke kumlimi onomcimbi owodwa wemali engenayo ngonyaka kudala izikweletu ezingakhokhiwe ezibonisa uhlelo kunokuba zibonise ipulazi.

Ukubolekisa kwezinkampani nokuhlanganyelwe. Izigaba zezikhungo kwezezimali ezisekelwe esikweletwini esikhulu zinokuncishiswa kwenqolwa okuncane kanye nokukhokhwa kwesamba esikhulu ekugcineni kwesikhathi, okuhambisana nabatshalizimali abafuna inzuzo kunokubuyiselwa kwenqolwa.

Amabhondi. Ibhondi elijwayelekile likhokha amakhuphoni ngezikhathi ezithile futhi libuyisela inani eligcwele lobuso ekugcineni kwesikhathi — isakhiwo se-bullet ngokuzenzakalela. Lawa ngezinye izikhathi abizwa ngokuthi amabhondi e-bullet ukuze ahlukaniswe ezikhishelweni ezinciphisa inqolwa noma ezinesikhwama sokucwilisa.

Izimali mboleko zabanikazi bamasheya neze-mezzanine. Uxhaso olusezingeni elingaphansi lapho umbolekisi elindele ukukhokhwa ngesikhathi sokuphuma kunokuba kukhokhwe ngokugeleza kwemali yokusebenza.

Uxhaso lwezohwebo nempahla. Kukhokhwa lapho impahla eyisisekelo ithengiswa noma lapho imali ekholekayo iqoqwa.

Kungani ababoleki bekusebenzisa

• Ukugcinwa kokugeleza kwemali phakathi nenkathi lapho umsebenzi oxhasiwe ungakhiqizi mali engenayo — ukwakha, isikhathi sokutshala, ukuguqula isimo.
• Ukufanisa ukukhokhwa nesimo semali engenayo. Lapho imali engenayo ifika njengesamba esisodwa, ukukhokhwa okuhlelwe njengesamba esisodwa kunembe kakhudlwana, hhayi ukuthi kungaqikeleli.
• Izinkokhelo eziphansi phakathi nesikhathi, okukhulula imali yokusebenza.
• Izikhathi ezimfushane lapho ukuncishiswa kwenqolwa ngeke kube nencazelo noma kunjalo.

Kungani ababolekisi bekubiza ngentengo ephakeme

• Ukuchayeka akukaze kwehle. Umbolekisi uthwala inani eliyinhloko lonke kuso sonke isikhathi se-itemu, kanti imali-mboleko ekhokhwa ngezitolimende yehlisa ukuchayeka ngaso sonke isitolimende.
• Ingozi egxilile yokukhokha. Sonke isinqumo sezikweletu sincike osukwini olulodwa nasemthonjeni owodwa.
• Ukuncika ekubolekeni kabusha. Lapho ukuphuma kuwukuboleka kabusha, imali-mboleko incike esifisweni sesikhathi esizayo somunye umbolekisi, okungaphandle kokulawulwa yizinhlangothi zombili.
• Akukho ukubuyiselwa okuyingxenye. Uma umboleki ehluleka, akukho okuye kwabuyiselwa phakathi nesikhathi.

Ingozi yokuboleka kabusha nokuvuthwa

Lena ingozi eyinhloko yesakhiwo. Ngosuku lokuvuthwa umboleki kufanele akhiphe inani eliyinhloko lonke, futhi uma umthombo obulindelekile ungaqhamuki, akukho nengxenye ongabuyela kuyo.

Kunezindlela ezintathu zokwehluleka eziphindaphindekayo:

Ukuphuma akwenzeki. Ukuthengisa kuyabhidlika, isivuno siyehluleka, umzuliswano woxhaso lwezimali uyahoxiswa, iphrojekthi yeqa isikhathi.

Ukuphuma kukhiqiza ngaphansi kwalokho obekulindelekile. Impahla ithengiswa ngaphansi kwenani elilinganiselwe, isivuno sikhiqiza ngaphansi kwesibikezelo, isikweletu esilindelekile sikhokhwa singaphelele.

Ukuboleka kabusha akutholakali. Umboleki wayelindele ukushintsha isibonelelo semali-mboleko futhi akakwazi — ngenxa yokuthi isimo sakhe sase siwohlokile, noma ngenxa yokuthi izimo zezikweletu zase ziqinile phakathi kokudonswa kwemali nokuvuthwa. Le ngozi ihambisana nohlelo jikelele, hhayi umboleki oyedwa, okusho ukuthi ivela kuzimali-mboleko eziningi ngesikhathi esisodwa.

Ezingeni lephothifoliyo, ukugcwala kokuvuthwa kwe-bullet okwenzeka ngesikhathi esifanayo kudala udonga lokuvuthwa — isikhathi lapho ingxenye enkulu yebhuku kufanele ikhokhwe noma ibolekwe kabusha ngesikhathi esisodwa. Ababolekisi kufanele baqaphe iphrofayili yokuvuthwa yebhuku le-bullet ngokucophelela njengoba beqapha izikweletu ezingakhokhiwe, ngoba iphrofayili iyindawo lapho ingozi ihlala khona ngempela.

Isignali elahlekile yokuxwayisa kusenesikhathi

Imali-mboleko ekhokhwa ngezitolimende ibika ngomboleki njalo ngenyanga. Isitolimende esingekhokhiwe noma esiphuzile sivela emabhakedeni okuguga kwezikweletu phakathi kwezinsuku ezimbalwa, iphothifoliyo elisengozini liyanyakaza, futhi ukulandelwa kwezikweletu kuyangenelela ngenkathi ibhalansi isehla futhi izinketho zisekhona.

Imali-mboleko ye-bullet ayibiki lutho kuze kube ukuvuthwa. Umboleki onebhizinisi ebelilokhu liwohloka izinyanga eziyisishiyagalombili ubonakala efana ncamashi ohlelweni nomunye osebenza kahle, inqobo nje uma inzalo iyakhokhwa — futhi lapho inzalo ihlanganiswa nenani eliyinhloko noma igcinwa, akukho senzakalo sokukhokha nhlobo, ngakho imali-mboleko ithule ngokuphelele isikhathi sayo sonke.

Kulandela imiphumela emibili, futhi yomibili ibalulekile ekuphathweni kwephothifoliyo:

Amamethrikhi asekelwe ekubambezelekeni kokukhokha abukela phansi ubungozi ebhukwini le-bullet. Ipothifoliyo esengozini kanye nokuhlaziywa kokuguga kwezikweletu kukala izinkokhelo ezingenziwanga. Lapho zingekho izinkokhelo ezihleliwe ezingaphuthelwa, amamethrikhi awaboni ngenxa yesakhiwo.

Izimalimboleko ze-bullet yizimalimboleko okungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi zivuselelwe. Lapho isikhathi sokuvuthwa sifika kanti indlela yokuphuma ingakafiki, ukwelulwa kuyindlela elula kakhulu kuzo zombili izinhlangothi — futhi ngenxa yokuthi imalimboleko ayizange ike iphuthelwe ukukhokha, ukwelulwa kungacutshungulwa njengokuvuselelwa okujwayelekile kunokuba kubonwe njengengcindezi yezezimali. Yilapho izakhiwo ze-bullet kanye nokuvuselelwa okuqhubekayo kuhlangana khona, futhi yindlela ebhuku le-bullet elingabukeka lihle ngayo kuze kube yilapho lingasabukeki lihle.

Okungena esikhundleni sokuqapha okusekelwe ezitolimendeni wukuqapha okusebenzayo: ukuhlolwa kwezivumelwano, ukulinganiswa kabusha kwesibambiso ngezikhathi ezithile, ukuqinisekiswa kwenqubekelaphambili maqondana nendlela yokuphuma, kanye nokuvakashelwa kwezindawo. Lezi yimisebenzi ehleliwe okufanele ihlelwe, ngoba ngokungafani nenkokhelo ephuthelwe, akukho lutho oluyiqalisa ngokuzenzakalelayo.

Ukuqinisekisa imalimboleko ye-bullet

• Khomba futhi unikeze ubufakazi bomthombo wokubuyisela imali. Hhayi ukuthi “obolekayo uzophinde athole imali yokuboleka” kodwa yimuphi umbolekisi, ngayiphi imigomo ekhombisayo, ngaphansi kwaziphi izimo. Hhayi ukuthi “isivuno sizothengiswa” kodwa ngasiphi izinga lesivuno, ngayiphi intengo, kubani.
• Hlola ukwanela. Umthombo kumele ukhiqize okwanele ukukhokha inani eliyinhloko, inzalo eseqoqekile kanye nezindleko, kube khona nesibonelelo.
• Dinga umthombo wesibili. Yini ekhokhela imalimboleko uma indlela yokuphuma eyinhloko ihluleka.
• Beka isikhathi sokuvuthwa sibe nesibonelelo. Izimalimboleko ezibekwe ngohlelo lwesikhathi olufushane kakhulu olunokwenzeka zidlula isikhathi njengento evamile.
• Sebenzisa izivumelwano nezibopho zokuhlinzeka ngolwazi ukuze kwakhe isigqi sokubika uhlelo lokukhokha olunganikezeli.
• Linganisela isibambiso ngesisekelo esingathengiseka, hhayi nje inani lemakethe evulekile, ngoba ukuphoqelela kungaba yindlela yokuphuma yangempela.
• Phatha iphrofayili yezikhathi zokuvuthwa ezingeni lepothifoliyo, usabalalise izikhathi zokuvuthwa kunokuba uziqoqele ndawonye.

Izinzuzo nobubi

Kumuntu obolekayo: kulondoloza imali phakathi nesikhathi futhi kuhlanganisa ukukhokhelwa nemali engenayo efika ngobuningi obungalingani — kodwa kugxilisa sonke isibopho ngosuku olulodwa, futhi lapho inzalo inqwabelana, inani elikweletwayo liyakhula sonke isikhathi.

Kumuntu obolekisayo: kubiza inani eliphezulu futhi kufeza izidingo zangempela izakhiwo zokukhokha ngezitolimende ezingakwazi ukufeza — kodwa kuthwala ukuchayeka okugcwele isikhathi sonke, akutholi isixwayiso kusenesikhathi, futhi kuncike esenzakalweni esisodwa esingase singenzeki.