Omboleka ngokuhlanganyela

Umboleki ngokuhlanganyela ngumuntu ofaka isicelo futhi othatha imalimboleko ngokuhlanganyela nomunye noma abanye abantu, ethwala isibopho esigcwele ngokomthetho sayo yonke isikweletu futhi enamalungelo alinganayo emalini yemalimboleko nanoma iyiphi impahla exhaswa yiyo.

Isici esichazayo ukuthi umboleki ngokuhlanganyela ungumboleki, hhayi umqinisekisi. Bobabili abathintekayo babhalwa esivumelwaneni semalimboleko, bobabili bahlolwa ngesikhathi sokufaka isicelo, bobabili bazuza inzuzo yemali, futhi noma yimuphi kubo angaxoshwa ngawo wonke amabhalansi asele. Akukho ukulandelana kokufunwa futhi akukho mfuneko yokuthi umbolekisi aqede umuntu oyedwa ngaphambi kokuphendukela komunye.

Leli iphuzu elivame ukungaqondwa kahle, ngababoleki kanye nabasebenzi bezikweletu ngokufanayo. Umboleki ngokuhlanganyela emalimbolekweni engu-150,000 akakweleti u-75,000. Ukweleta u-150,000, futhi nozakwabo, futhi umbolekisi angaqoqa isamba esigcwele kunoma yimuphi kubo okulula ukumfinyelela. Laba ababili abanasibopho sezingxenye ezimbili; ngamunye unesibopho sayo yonke imali, futhi umbolekisi akavunyelwe ukuthi aqoqe okungaphezu kuka-150,000 sezizonke.

Igama elithi umfakisicelo ngokuhlanganyela lisetshenziselwa umuntu ofanayo ngaphambi kokugunyazwa. Umboleki ohlanganyelwe kanye nomuntu obophekile ngokuhlanganyela ngamanye amagama ento efanayo ngemva kwalokho.

Isibopho sokuhlanganyela nesesomuntu ngamunye

Cishe lonke uhlelo lokuboleka ngokuhlanganyela lubhalwa ngokwesisekelo sesibopho sokuhlanganyela nesesomuntu ngamunye. Leli gama lihlanganisa imiqondo emibili ekufanele ihlukaniswe:

• Isibopho sokuhlanganyela kusho ukuthi izinhlangothi zikweleta isikweletu ndawonye njengesibopho esisodwa.
• Isibopho somuntu ngamunye kusho ukuthi ngamunye wabo futhi usikweleta yedwa futhi ngokuphelele.

Ngokuhlangene, kunikeza umbolekisi ithuba lokumangalela noma iyiphi inhlangothi eyodwa ngayo yonke imali, zonke izinhlangothi ndawonye, noma iqembu elithile — noma iyiphi indlela ebuyisa ngokushesha. Amalungelo ababoleki phakathi kwabo, njengesimangalo salowo owakhokha ngokumelene nalowo ongakhokhi, ayindaba ephakathi kwabo futhi awakubambezeli noma akwehlisi isimangalo sombolekisi.

Lapho isivumelwano semalimboleko sishiya amagama athi "kanye nangomuntu ngamunye", isibopho singaba ngesokuhlanganyela kuphela, okuthi kwezinye iziphathimandla kumemezela umbolekisi ukuba afake bonke ababoleki kunoma yikuphi ukuqulwa kwecala. Lo ngumbuzo wokubhala okufanele uxazululwe nomeluleki wezomthetho kanye, kuthempulethi evamile, esikhundleni sokwenziwa icala necala.

Umboleki ngokuhlanganyela uma kuqhathaniswa nomqinisekisi nezinye izindima

Lezi zindima zivame ukudidanwa, futhi ukudideka kuyabiza — kuveza abaqinisekisi ababecabanga ukuthi benza umusa kanye naboleki ngokuhlanganyela ababecabanga ukuthi basayina into eyisiko nje.

• Umboleki: Ubhalwa esivumelwaneni semalimboleko; isibopho esigcwele siqala ngokushesha; amalungelo agcwele emalini nasezimpahleni; uvela efayeleni lesikweletu.
• Umboleki ngokuhlanganyela: Ubhalwa esivumelwaneni semalimboleko; isibopho esigcwele siqala ngokushesha; amalungelo agcwele emalini nasezimpahleni; uvela efayeleni lesikweletu ngesamba esigcwele.
• Umqinisekisi: Ubhalwa esiqinisekisweni esihlukile; isibopho esigcwele sesibili siqala kuphela lapho umboleki ehluleka ukukhokha; awekho amalungelo emalini noma ezimpahleni; ngokuvamile uvela efayeleni lesikweletu njengesibopho esingase senzeke.
• Osayina ngokuhlanganyela: Ubhalwa esivumelwaneni; isibopho esigcwele (isikhathi siyehluka ngokwesiphathimandla); ngokuvamile awekho amalungelo emalini noma ezimpahleni; uvela efayeleni lesikweletu.
• Ilungu leqembu ngaphansi kwesibopho sokuhlanganyela: Libhalwa esivumelwaneni seqembu; isibopho esigcwele sezikweletu zalo qembu siqala lapho elinye ilungu lihluleka ukukhokha; amalungelo esabelweni salo kuphela; ukubikwa esikweletini kuyehluka.

Imehluko emibili yiwona enesisindo esikhulu esisebenzayo:

Isikhathi. Umboleki ngokuhlanganyela unesibopho kusukela ekukhishweni kwemali. Umqinisekisi unesibopho kuphela lapho umboleki oyinhloko esehlulekile, futhi ngokuvamile kuphela ngemva kokuba umbolekisi esethathe izinyathelo ezichaziwe kuqala. Uma imalimboleko ihamba kahle, umqinisekisi akayena umkweleti nhlobo.

Inzuzo. Umboleki ngokuhlanganyela uthola imali noma uba ngumnikazi wempahla ngokuhlanganyela. Umqinisekisi akatholi lutho. Lo mehluko ubalulekile lapho izivumelwano kamuva ziphikiswa njengezingalungile noma ezenziwa ngempoqo — umqinisekisi ongazange athole nzuzo futhi owacindezelwa ukuba asayine unempikiswano enamandla kakhulu kunomboleki ngokuhlanganyela owathatha ingxenye yemali.

Kungani ababolekisi bemamukela ababoleki ngokuhlanganyela

Ukukwazi ukukhokhela. Imiholo emibili isekela inkokhelo enkulu kunowodwa. Lesi yisizathu esivame kakhulu sokwengezwa komboleki ngokuhlanganyela, futhi yisona esidinga ukucophelela okukhulu lapho sihlolwa.

Imithombo emibili yokubuyiselwa kwemali. Ukwehluleka ukukhokha kudinga ukuthi zombili izinhlangothi zehluleke, hhayi eyodwa. Lapho ababoleki ngokuhlanganyela benabaqashi abahlukene, amabhizinisi ahlukene noma imijikelezo ehlukene yemali engenayo, lokhu kuwukwehlukanisa kwangempela ubungozi hhayi okwephepha kuphela.

Ukufanisa iqiniso lomthetho neqiniso lezomnotho. Lapho indlu, imoto noma ibhizinisi kunobunikazi obuhlanganyelwe, ukufaka abanikazi bobabili embolekweni kuhlanganisa isibambiso nesibopho. Ukubolekisa umlingani oyedwa ngesakhiwo esinobunikazi obuhlanganyelwe, kanti omunye umlingani engeyona ingxenye, kudala izinkinga zokuphoqelela ezingeke zilungiswe yinoma ingakanani imibhalo kamuva.

Ingcindezi yokuziphatha. Ababoleki ngokuhlanganyela bayaqaphelana. Indlela yiyona efanayo neyenza ukubolekisana kwabantu basemakhaya kanye nokubolekisana kwamaqembu kusebenze, kugxiliswe kubantu ababili esikhundleni sabangamashumi amabili.

Isibonelo esisetshenzisiwe: ukuthi umboleki ngokuhlanganyela usishintsha kanjani isinqumo

Umbolekisi ubeka umkhawulo wengqikithi yokukhokhelwa kwesikweletu ku-40% wemali engenayo ephelele yanyanga zonke. Umfakisicelo uhola u-8,000 ngenyanga futhi ufuna u-150,000 esikhathini esiyizinyanga ezingama-60 ngenzalo engama-24% ngonyaka ngebhalansi eyehlayo — okuyinkokhelo ecise ibe ngu-4,315 ngenyanga.

Umfakisicelo yedwa:

• Imali engenayo ephelele yanyanga zonke: 8,000
• Umthamo wokukhokhela isikweletu ku-40%: 3,200
• Izibopho ezikhona zanyanga zonke: 0
• Umthamo otholakalayo: 3,200
• Inkokhelo edingekayo: 4,315
• Isinqumo: Ukwenqaba

Nomboleki ngokuhlanganyela:

• Imali engenayo ephelele yanyanga zonke: 14,000
• Umthamo wokukhokhela isikweletu ku-40%: 5,600
• Izibopho ezikhona zanyanga zonke: (800)
• Umthamo otholakalayo: 4,800
• Inkokhelo edingekayo: 4,315
• Isinqumo: Ukwamukela

Izinto ezintathu lesi sibonelo esenzelwe ukuzikhombisa:

1. Imali engenayo iyahlangana. Ukuhlanganisa imali engenayo yiyona ndlela eguqula ukwenqaba kube ukwamukela.
2. Nezibopho nazo ziyahlangana. Izibopho ezikhona zomboleki ngokuhlanganyela ezingu-800 ngenyanga kufanele zisuswe emthameni. Ukwengeza umboleki ngokuhlanganyela oletha u-6,000 wemali engenayo kanye no-5,000 wezibopho ezikhona kwenza isicelo sibe sibi kakhulu, hhayi ngcono.
3. Ukuchayeka akwehli ngesigamu. Zombili izinhlangothi manje zithwala u-150,000 egameni lazo ngenxa yemikhawulo yokugxilisa, imikhawulo yoboleki oyedwa kanye nezinjongo ze-credit bureau. Umbolekisi onezikweletu ezingamashumi amahlanu ngasinye esinababoleki ngokuhlanganyela ababili unokuchayeka okungu-150,000 izikhathi ezingamashumi amahlanu, hhayi ukuchayeka okuyikhulu okungu-75,000.

Ukuhlola umboleki ngokuhlanganyela ekuqaleni kwesikweletu.

Umboleki ngokuhlanganyela ungumboleki, futhi ukuhlolwa kwakhe kufanele kufane nokwomboleki. Iphutha elenzekayo ukuthatha umuntu wesibili njengomsebenzi wamaphepha — ukuqoqa isignisha kanye nomazisi, bese kuhlolwa izikweletu kumfakisicelo "omkhulu" kuphela.

Hlola bobabili ngokugcwele. Ubunikazi, i-KYC, ukuqinisekiswa kwemali engenayo, ukuseshwa kwe-credit bureau, izibopho ezikhona kanye nokuchayeka kwangaphakathi kohlangothi ngalunye. Akukho okweqiwayo ngoba omunye umfakisicelo ubonakala eqinile.

Nquma ukuthi imali engenayo ihlanganiswa kanjani. Ukuhlanganiswa okuphelele kuvamile, kodwa abanye ababolekisi bayayinciphisa imali engenayo yesibili, ikakhulukazi lapho ingakahleleki, ingeyesizini ethile noma ivela kumqashi ofanayo noma ebhizinisini elifanayo naleyo yokuqala. Noma ngabe yimuphi umthetho, kufanele ube senqubomgweni yezikweletu hhayi ekwahluleleni kwanoma ngubani osehhovisi.

Hlola ukuhambisana. Amaholo amabili avela kumqashi oyedwa, abahwebi ababili basemakethe abathengisa into efanayo, noma umlimi nomlingani wakhe bobabili abathembele kuvuno olulodwa akuzona izimali ezingenayo ezimbili ezizimele. Bahluleka ndawonye. Ababoleki ngokuhlanganyela abahambisanayo banezela ukuvikeleka kwengozi okuncane kunalokho okuboniswa izibalo.

Sebenzisa ifayela elibuthaka lapho kubaluleka khona. Iholo elihlanganisiwe lingakwazi ukuthwala umboleki ohlanganyelayo obuthaka, kodwa umboleki ohlanganyelayo onomlando okhona wokungakhokhi uyisixwayiso, hhayi ukungathathi hlangothi. Ababolekisi abaningi babheka isimo seholo esingcono kanye nebanga lesikweletu elibi kakhudlwana.

Qinisekisa imvume ngokuzimela. Umboleki ohlanganyelayo kufanele abonakale, akhonjwe futhi achazelwe isibopho ngokwehlukana kumfakisicelo oyinhloko. Ukuboleka ngokuhlanganyela ngokucindezelwa — isihlobo, isisebenzi noma umlingani onikezwa idokhumenti ukuze asayine — kungumthombo ovame kakhulu wezingxabano zakamuva futhi kunzima kakhulu ukuzivikela uma imali isiphelile.

Thatha imininingwane yokuxhumana ehlukene. Izinombolo zocingo ezimbili, amakheli amabili, amakheli e-imeyili amabili. Ifayela lapho abathintekayo bobabili babelana ngenombolo yocingo eyodwa liyifayela lapho umuntu oyedwa kuphela ayoke athole isaziso.

Ukuphathwa kwe-akhawunti yomboleki ohlanganyelayo

Bobabili abathintekayo bayaziswa. Izitatimende, izaziso zezinsalela ezingakhokhiwe, izincwadi zokufuna ukukhokha kanye nezexwayiso zokungakhokhi kufanele ziye kumboleki ohlanganyelayo ngamunye ngemininingwane yakhe yokuxhumana. Umboleki ohlanganyelayo oqale ezwe ngokungakhokhi ku-credit bureau unesikhalazo esisemthethweni, futhi kwezinye izindawo unesivikelo esingokomthetho.

Izinkokhelo zabelwa imalimboleko, hhayi umuntu. Kune-akhawunti eyodwa, ibhalansi eyodwa kanye nohlelo olulodwa lokwabiwa kwezinkokhelo. Lapho omunye umuntu evamise ukukhokha kanti omunye engakhokhi, lokho kuwulwazi oluwusizo lokuthi ubani okufanele aphishekelwe — kodwa akudali izibhalansi ezincane ezihlukene.

Iziyalezo zingase zidinge bobabili. Ukuhlelwa kabusha, ukungezelelwa, izinguquko zosuku lokukhokha kanye nokukhululwa kwesibambiso ngokuvamile kudinga imvume yabo bonke ababoleki abahlanganyelayo, ngoba kuguqula isibopho bonke abasithwele. Ukunakekelwa okujwayelekile ngokuvamile akudingi. Umehluko phakathi kwalokhu kokubili kufanele ube sesivumelwaneni semalimboleko.

Ukubikwa kwezinsalela ezingakhokhiwe kuthinta amafayela womabili. Ibhalansi ephelele engakhokhiwe kanye nesimo esiphelele sezinsalela ezingakhokhiwe kubikwa kumboleki ohlanganyelayo ngamunye. Lokhu kuvame ukumangaza umuntu ongakaze ayithinte imali, futhi kufanele kuchazwe ngolimi olulula ngesikhathi kusayinwa kunokuba kutholakale kamuva.

Ukususa umboleki ohlanganyelayo

Akukho ukuphuma okulula. Umboleki ohlanganyelayo akakwazi ukuhoxa esibophweni, futhi isivumelwano phakathi kwabathintekayo ababili sokuthi omunye wabo uzokhokha manje asimbophi umbolekisi. Ukususwa kudinga imvume yombolekisi kanye nenye yezindlela ezintathu:

• Ukuboleka kabusha. Osele uthatha imalimboleko entsha ngegama lakhe, ekhokhela endala. Osele kufanele afaneleke yedwa — futhi, njengoba umboleki ohlanganyelayo wayevamise ukungezwa ukuze izibalo zihlangane, ngokuvamile akakwazi ukufaneleka.
• I-novation noma ukufaka omunye esikhundleni. Isibopho sidluliselwa eqenjini elisha labathintekayo ngesivumelwano esisha. Kudinga ukuhlolwa kabusha okuphelele komuntu ongenayo.
• Ukukhokha okuphelele. Imalimboleko iyakhokhwa futhi ivalwe.

Izimo ezidala lezi zicelo ziyabikezela futhi kuwusizo ukuba nempendulo esilungele: isehlukaniso noma ukwehlukana, ukuhlakazeka kobambiswano lwebhizinisi, umboleki ohlanganyelayo othuthela kwelinye izwe, kanye nokushona komunye wabathintekayo. Esimweni sokugcina ifa lomushoni lihlala linesibopho, futhi umboleki ohlanganyelayo oseleyo uhlala enesibopho sayo yonke ibhalansi kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ifa likhiqiza ini. Lapho imalimboleko inkulu futhi abathintekayo beyizihlobo, umshwalense wezikweletu wempilo ohlanganisa izimpilo zombili uyimpendulo ehlanzekile kunokuzama ukukusingatha ngesikhathi sokushona.

Lapho ukuboleka ngokuhlanganyela kungahambi kahle

Umboleki ohlanganyelayo wokuhlobisa. Igama lesibili elingeziwe ukuze kwaneliswe umthetho wenqubomgomo, ngaphandle kokuhlolwa, ngaphandle kokuqinisekiswa futhi ngaphandle kweholo langempela ngemuva kwalo. Lokhu akwenzi buthaka lutho ebungozini besikweletu kodwa kwenza buthaka konke mayelana nokuvikeleka kwefayela.

Ukubala kabili iholo. Abafakisicelo ababili abathola bobabili imali ebhizinisini elifanayo, okubikwa njengamaholo amabili ahlukene. Isibalo sokukwazi ukukhokha sibe sesisekela inkokhelo umndeni ongeke ukwazi ngempela ukuyenza.

Ukungakunaki ukuchayeka okuhlanganisiwe. Lapho umuntu evela njengomboleki ohlanganyelayo ezimalini ezimbalwa ezibolekiwe, ukuchayeka kwakhe kwangempela kumbolekisi kuyisamba sazo zonke lezo zibhalansi ezigcwele. Izinhlelo eziqopha ukuchayeka kuphela kumboleki "oyinhloko" zizokubukela phansi ukugxila, ngezinye izikhathi kabi.

Ukuletha isaziso kumuntu oyedwa. Ukuphoqelela isibopho kumboleki ohlanganyelayo ongakaze atholelwe incwadi yokufuna ukukhokha kuba sengozini, futhi ukukuhlehlisa kubiza kakhulu kunokuthumela incwadi yesibili obekungabiza.

Ukudida izindima ngesikhathi kusayinwa. Umuntu osayine njengomboleki ohlanganyelayo ngenkathi etshelwa ukuthi "umqinisekisi nje" uyingxabano elindele ukwenzeka. Isibopho kufanele sishiwo ngokuzwakalayo, ngolimi lwakhe, futhi ifayela kufanele liqophe ukuthi kushiwo.

Ukuphathwa okungacacile kwesibambiso esiphethwe ngokuhlanganyela. Lapho isibambiso siphethwe ngokuhlanganyela kodwa umnikazi oyedwa kuphela osegameni lemali ebolekiwe, ikhono lombolekisi lokusiguqula sibe imali liyaphazamiseka. Ubunikazi obukwitayitela kanye namagama asesivumelwaneni kufanele kuhambisane.

Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa

Imalimboleko ingaba nababoleki abahlanganyelayo abangaki?

Awukho umkhawulo omisiwe, futhi izimali ezibolekwa abathengi azivamisile ukweqa ababili noma abathathu. Ngaphezu kwedlanzana, ukuthola imvume yanoma yiluphi ushintsho kuba nzima futhi uhlelo luvame ukuhlelwa kangcono njengemalimboleko yeqembu noma njengokuboleka inhlangano ebhalisiwe.