Inkokhelo yokusungula / yokucubungula

Inkokhelo yokuqalisa iyinkokhelo ekhokhwa kanye kuphela yomsebenzi wokuhlola, ukugunyaza nokukhishwa kwemali ebolekiwe. Ikhokhiswa kanye, ekuqaleni, futhi ngokuvamile ichazwa njengephesenti lenani elibolekiwe — ngokuvamile inenani eliphansi, inani eliphezulu, noma kokubili.

Inkokhelo efanayo ivela ngamagama amaningi: inkokhelo yokucubungula, inkokhelo yokusungula, inkokhelo yokuhlela, inkokhelo yesikhungo, inkokhelo ekhokhwa ngaphambili, inkokhelo yokukhishwa kwemali, noma — ekubolekisweni kwezindlu e-United States — amaphuzu.

Ihlukile enkokhelweni yesevisi, ekhokhwa nyanga zonke ngokuphathwa kwe-akhawunti. Ukuqalisa kukhokhela ukumiswa kwemalimboleko; ukunakekela kukhokhela ukuyisebenzisa.

Okukhokhelwayo

• Ukwamukelwa kwezicelo nokuqoshwa kwemininingwane
• Ukuqinisekiswa komazisi nokuhlolwa kwe-KYC
• Ukuhlolwa kwekhredithi, imibuzo ezikhungweni zezikweletu nokunikezwa amaphuzu
• Ukuqinisekiswa kwemali engenayo nomsebenzi
• Ukulinganiswa kwenani nokuhlolwa, lapho imalimboleko inesibambiso
• Imibhalo, ukubhalwa kwezomthetho nokulungiselelwa kwesivumelwano
• Ukuqinisekiswa kwesibambiso — ukubhaliswa endaweni yokubhalisa yomhlaba noma yezibambiso
• Ukucutshungulwa kokukhishwa kwemali kanye nezindleko zemigudu yokukhokha
• Ikhomishini yomthengisi, i-ejenti noma isikhulu sasensimini, lapho kusebenza khona

Njengezindleko zokunakekela, iningi lalezi zimisiwe ngesicelo ngasinye, hhayi ngokulingana nosayizi wemalimboleko — okuyisizathu sokuthi izinkokhelo zokuqalisa ngokuvamile zinenani eliphansi nokuthi kungani izakhiwo zezinkokhelo ezingamaphesenti kuphela zenze izimalimboleko ezincane zingasebenzi.

Indlela inkokhelo ekhokhiswa ngayo — nokuthi kungani kubalulekile.

Kunezindlela ezintathu, futhi ababolekayo ngokuvamile abaqondi kahle ukuthi iyiphi esebenzayo.

• Kudonswa emalini ekhishwayo - Umboleki uthola: Inani elibolekiwe kususwe inkokhelo

  • Inani eliyinhloko lemali ebolekiwe: Inani eligcwele elibolekiwe
  • Inzalo ibalwa phezu: Inani eligcwele, kuhlanganisa nenkokhelo

• Ifakwa emalini ebolekiwe - Umboleki uthola: Inani eligcwele eliceliwe

  • Inani eliyinhloko lemali ebolekiwe: Inani eliceliwe kuhlanganiswa nenkokhelo
  • Inzalo ibalwa phezu: Inani eliyinhloko elikhudlwana

• Ikhokhwa ngokwehlukana ngokheshi - Umboleki uthola: Inani eligcwele eliceliwe

  • Inani eliyinhloko lemali ebolekiwe: Inani eliceliwe
  • Inzalo ibalwa phezu: Inani eliceliwe kuphela

Indlela yokudonsa imali iyona evame kakhulu futhi eqondwa kancane kakhulu. Umboleki ocela $5,000 ngenkokhelo eyi-3% edonswayo usayinela isivumelwano semali ebolekiwe engu-$5,000, uthola $4,850, futhi ukhokha inzalo ku-$5,000 ngesikhathi sonke.

Ukukhushulwa kwenani

Uma umboleki edinga inani elithile elisele ngemva kokudonswa kwezindleko, imali ebolekiwe kufanele ikhushulwe ukuze kufinyeleleke kulelo nani:

Gross loan = net amount needed ÷ (1 − fee rate)

Ukuze uthole $5,000 esele ngemva kwenkokhelo eyi-3% edonswayo:

Gross loan = 5,000 ÷ 0.97 = $5,154.64
Fee        = $154.64

Akukhona $150. Inkokhelo ibalwa phezu kwesamba esiphelele, ngakho ukukhushula isamba kukhulisa inkokhelo ngokwayo. Lokhu kuba nomthelela omncane ku-3% kodwa kube mkhulu ku-10%.

Umthelela ezindlekweni

Isimo. $5,000 ngo-18% ngonyaka ngesikhathi sezinyanga ezingama-24, ngenkokhelo yokucubungula eyi-3%.

Instalment                = $249.62
Total repaid              = $5,990.88
Net received (fee deducted) = $4,850

Quoted rate  = 18% per annum
Actual APR   ≈ 21.2% per annum

Inkokhelo eyi-3% ekhokhwa kanye kuphela yengeza cishe amaphuzu ephesenti angu-3.2 ezingeni elisebenzayo lemali ebolekiwe yeminyaka emibili. Emalini ebolekiwe yesikhathi esifushane yengeza kakhulu ngaphezulu, ngoba inkokhelo efanayo isatshalaliswa esikhathini esifushane — inkokhelo efanayo eyi-3% emalini ebolekiwe yezinyanga eziyisithupha yengeza ngaphezu kwamaphuzu ephesenti angu-10.

Isikhathi esifushane kanye nenkokhelo eyiphesenti kuyinhlanganisela ebiza kakhulu ekubolekiseni imali, futhi yisona kanye isakhiwo esisetshenziselwa izikweletu ezincane zesikhathi esifushane.

Noma ngabe inkokhelo idonswa, ifakwa emalini ebolekiwe noma ikhokhwa ngokheshi, akwenzi mehluko omkhulu ezingeni elisebenzayo — kuzo zontathu izindlela, umboleki ulahlekelwa $150 ngosuku lokuqala. Okushintshayo ukuthi ugcina enemali engakanani engayisebenzisa, nokuthi ngabe isikweletu esisesivumelwaneni sihambisana yini nalokho akutholile.

Izinkokhelo zokufaka isicelo nokubuyiseleka kwemali

Abanye ababolekisi bakhokhisa inkokhelo ngesikhathi sokufaka isicelo kunokuba kube ngesikhathi sokukhishwa kwemali. Lokhu kudala inkinga: abafake izicelo abanqatshiwe bakhokhela isinqumo esingakhiqizanga lutho.

Umkhuba omuhle, futhi okuya ngokuya kuba yimfuneko yokulawula:

• Khokhisa ngesikhathi sokukhishwa kwemali, hhayi ngesikhathi sokufaka isicelo
• Lapho kuba nezindleko zangempela zangaphambi kokukhishwa kwemali — ukulinganiswa kwendawo, ukusesha — khokhisa lezo zindleko ezithile, uzidalule, futhi uzidlulise ngezindleko zangempela.
• Buyisela noma iyiphi inkokhelo ethathiwe lapho imalimboleko ingaqhubeki phambili ngenxa yezizathu ezingezona ukuhoxa komboleki.
• Ungalokothi ukhokhise inkokhelo ukuze ucatshangelwe ukuthola isikweletu

Izinkokhelo ezingabuyiselwa ezikhokhwa kusengaphambili zemalimboleko ezingakaze zinikezwe ziyisici esivamile sokukhwabanisa kokubolekisa ngemali ekhokhwa kusengaphambili, futhi ababolekisi abasemthethweni kufanele bagweme noma yisiphi isakhiwo esifana nalokhu.

Izinkokhelo ezihlobene ezingezona izinkokhelo zokuqalisa imalimboleko

• Inkokhelo yokuzibophezela — ekhokhiswa engxenyeni engakadonswa yensiza yezimali, enxephezela umbolekisi ngokubekela eceleni imali angakwazi ukuyisebenzisa kwenye indawo. Kuvamile ezinsizeni ezijikelezayo nezizibophezelekile.
• Amaphuzu (i-mortgage) — inkokhelo ongayikhetha ekhokhwa kusengaphambili ukuze kwehliswe izinga lenzalo. Kusemthethweni uma kubalwa ngobulungiswa, futhi kuyahloleka: hlukanisa izindleko zamaphuzu ngokonga kwanyanga zonke ukuze uthole isikhathi sokulingana, bese uqhathanisa nokuthi umboleki ulindele ukubamba isikweletu isikhathi esingakanani.
• Izinkokhelo ezidluliswayo — ukulinganiswa kwendawo, ukubhalisa, intela yezitembu, izinkokhelo zama-bureau. Lezi ziyizindleko zabantu besithathu futhi kufanele zikhokhiswe ngezindleko zangempela, zibalwe ngokuhlukana, zingahlanganiswa zibe yiphesenti.
• Ukuhlela kabusha noma i-top-up inkokhelo — ekhokhiswa ekuguqulweni. Ukuthi inkokhelo ephelele yokuqalisa imalimboleko ifanelekile yini ku-top-up kuyangabazeka, njengoba iningi lomsebenzi wokuhlola wenziwa ekuqaleni.

Ukulawulwa

Izimfuneko ezivamile emazweni ahlukene:

• Imikhawulo, ngokuvamile ngomthetho othile — ingxenye egxilile kuhlanganisa nephesenti lenani eliyinhloko, ngaphansi kwesilinganiso esiphezulu.
• Ukufakwa okuphoqelekile ku APR noma isamba sezindleko zesikweletu, ukuze inkokhelo ingakwazi ukucasha ngaphandle kwezinga elicashuniwe.
• Ukudalulwa ngaphambi kokusayina, lapho inani eliyinethi lokukhishwa kwemali lishiwo ngokuhlukile kunenani lemalimboleko
• Ukwenqatshelwa kwezinkokhelo ezingadalulwanga noma ezengezwe ngemva kwesikhathi
• Imikhawulo ekukhokhiseni ngaphambi kokugunyazwa
• Imikhawulo yokukhokhisa kabusha izinkokhelo zokuqalisa ngomsebenzi ongaphindiwe, ikakhulukazi ekwengezeni imali kanye nasekubolekeni kabusha

Indlela yokuphathwa kwezimali

Yilapho izinkokhelo zokuqalisa zehluka kakhulu kwezinye izindleko, nalapho ababolekisi abancane bevame ukwenza iphutha khona.

Ngaphansi kwe IFRS 9, inkokhelo yokuqalisa ngokuvamile iyingxenye ebalulekile yezinga lenzalo elisebenzayo. Akuyona imali engenayo ngesikhathi sokukhishwa kwemali. Kunalokho:

1. Inkokhelo, ngemva kokususa izindleko ezengeziwe eziqondile zokuqalisa, iyahlehliswa.
2. Iyancishiswa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi esilindelekile semalimboleko ngokusebenzisa izinga lenzalo elisebenzayo.
3. Uma kukhokhwa kusenesikhathi, ibhalansi engakancishiswa iyabhalwa ngokushesha.

Ukwamukela izinkokhelo zokuqalisa njengemali engenayo esheshayo kwenza inzuzo ibonakale iphakeme kakhulu esikhathini sokukhishwa kwemali, ibonakale iphansi esikhathini esisele, futhi kwenyuse isivuno esibonakalayo ebhizinisini elisanda kubhalwa. Encwadini ekhula ngokushesha lokhu kuveza imiphumela emihle eguqukayo lapho ukukhula kuncipha — esinye sezizathu ezivamile zokubuyekezwa kwama-akhawunti ababolekisi abancane.

Ukuhlolwa ukuthi inkokhelo ikhokhelani: ukuqalisa imalimboleko (okuhlehliselwa ezingeni lenzalo elisebenzayo) noma insizakalo ehlukile elethwa kamuva (eyamukelwa lapho leyo nsizakalo inikezwa).

Okumele kubhekwe ngababolekisi

• Beka inkokhelo ngesisekelo sezindleko ezibhaliwe. Izindleko zokuqalisa ngesicelo ngasinye ziyakwazi ukulinganiswa; inkokhelo ethathwe kuzo ingavikeleka phambi komlawuli naphambi komboleki.
• Sebenzisa isakhiwo senani elingaguquki kanye nephesenti, ukuze imalimboleko ezincane zikwazi ukukhokhela izindleko zazo ezingaguquki ngaphandle kokuthi ezinkulu zikhokhe ngokungalingani.
• Yisho imali ekhishwayo ngemva kokususwa kwezindleko ngokugqamile esithembisweni naseshedulini. "Uzothola $4,850" kuvimbela izingxabano eziningi zezinkokhelo ekuqaleni.
• Ungaphindi ukhokhise inkokhelo yokuqalisa ephelele ekwengezeni imali. Khokhisa ngomsebenzi ophindwe ngempela — ukuhlolwa kwehhovisi lezikweletu, ukuqinisekisa okubuyekeziwe — hhayi ngokuhlolwa okuphelele futhi.
• Yenza isinqumo ngamabomu phakathi kwenkokhelo nezinga lenzalo. Izinga lenzalo eliphansi elinenkokhelo ephezulu yokuqalisa libonakala lishibhile emathebuleni okuqhathanisa futhi kubiza umboleki kakhulu ezikhathini ezimfushane. Ukuthi lokho kuyisu lokuncintisana noma inkinga yokuziphatha kuncike ekutheni kudalulwa ngokucacile kangakanani.
• Sebenzisa ukubalwa kwezinga lenzalo elisebenzayo kunokuba kuqashelwe kusengaphambili.