Ukukhutshwa kwemali

Ukukhutshwa kwemali kukwenza kokukhuphela imali — ukukhulula imali isuka kwiziko iye kumboleki, kumthengisi, kumxhamli okanye komnye umamkeli. Kwezokubolekisa, ukukhutshwa kwemali ngumzuzu apho imali-mboleko evunyiweyo iyeka ukuba sisigqibo ephepheni kwaye iba yintsalela etyalwayo.

Yingongoma engundoqo yomjikelo wobomi bemboleko. Phambi kokukhutshwa kwemali iziko libambe isibophelelo; emva koko, iziko linempahla eyongeza inzala, inobungozi betyala, ingena kwipotfoliyo, kwaye kufuneka ilandelwe, ibekelwe bucala kwaye ekugqibeleni ibuyiswe.

Eli gama likwasetyenziswa ngokubanzi kubhalo-mali nakwimali karhulumente nakulo naluphi na ukuphuma kwemali — ukukhutshwa kwezibonelelo, ukukhutshwa kwe-inshorensi, ukukhutshwa kwemali kwi-akhawunti ye-escrow. Into efanayo kukuba kumalunga nendlela yokuhamba kwemali: imali ishiya ulawulo lweziko ize ifikelele kumamkeli ekujoliswe kuye.

Ukukhutshwa kwemali xa kuthelekiswa namagama anxulumeneyo

• Ukukhutshwa kwemali: Iimali ezikhutshwa liziko zisiya kumamkeli
• Ukutsalwa kwemali: Isenzo somboleki sokucela okanye sokuthatha imali kwisibonelelo semali esifumanekayo
• Intlawulo: Naluphi na ugqithiso lwexabiso, nokuba lusuka okanye luya kweliphi na icala
• Ukuhlawulwa kokugqibela: Ugqithiso lwemali lokugqibela nolungenakurhoxiswa phakathi kwee-akhawunti
• Ukubuyiswa kwemali: Iimali ezisuka kumboleki zibuyela kumbolekisi

Ukutsalwa kwemali nokukhutshwa kwemali kuchaza isiganeko esinye ukusuka kumacala ahlukeneyo entengiselwano: umboleki uyatsala, umbolekisi uyayikhuphela. Umahluko uba luncedo xa kufikwa iibonelelo ezijikelezayo, apho umda ovunyiweyo unokutsalwa ngezihlandlo ezininzi ezahlukeneyo zokukhutshwa kwemali ekuhambeni kwexesha.

Inkqubo Yokukhutshwa Kwemali

Ukukhutshwa kwemali lulandelelwano olulawulwayo, ayisosenzo esinye. Indlela eqhelekileyo yile:

1. Ukuvunywa. Isigqibo sokuboleka sigqityiwe kwaye imiqathango yemboleko imiselwe — isixa, izinga lenzala, ixesha, isibambiso.
2. Iimeko ezandulelayo zanelisekile. Yonke into efunwa sisivumelwano phambi kokuba imali ihambe ifezekisiwe kwaye inobungqina.
3. Amaxwebhu asayiniwe. Isivumelwano semboleko sisayiniwe, isibambiso sibhalisiwe, iziqinisekiso zifezekisiwe.
4. Umyalelo wokukhutshwa kwemali wenziwe. Umsebenzi uqalisa intlawulo ngeenkcukacha zomxhamli kunye nesixa.
5. Ugunyaziso. Umntu wesibini, onogunyaziso olwahlukileyo, uyawuhlola aze awuvume umyalelo.
6. Ukuphunyezwa. Iimali zithunyelwa ngejelo elikhethiweyo.
7. Isiqinisekiso. Ijelo libuyisa imeko yempumelelo okanye yokusilela; ireferensi iyarekhodwa.
8. Ukufakwa kwiincwadi. Iakhawunti yemboleko iyavulwa, ishedyuli iyaveliswa, kwaye amangeno obhalo-mali ayarekhodwa.

Umsantsa phakathi kwenyathelo lesi-5 nelesi-8 kulapho uninzi lweempazamo zokusebenza lwenzeka khona. Intlawulo inokuphumelela kumzila wokuhambisa imali kwaye isilele ukufakwa kwi-ledger, okanye ifakwe kabini. Ungqinelaniso phakathi kwengxelo yokuhlawulwa kwejelo kunye nencwadi yemboleko ayikhetho.

Iimfuneko Ezandulelayo

Iimfuneko ezandulelayo zizinto ekufuneka zifezekisiwe ngaphambi kokuba kukhutshwe imali. Zikho ngenxa yokuba ukuvunywa nokukhutshwa kwemali ngamanqanaba olawulo ahlukeneyo, kwaye izinto ziyatshintsha phakathi kwawo.

Imizekelo eqhelekileyo:

• Isivumelwano semboleko esisayiniweyo kunye nawaphi na amaxwebhu omqinisekisi.
• Uvavanyo lwesibambiso lugqityiwe kwaye umdla wokhuseleko ubhalisiwe.
• Ipolisi ye-inshorensi esebenzayo apho umbolekisi abhalwe njengomamkeli wentlawulo yelahleko.
• Ibhalansi yokonga okunyanzelekileyo ifikelelwe, apho imveliso iyifunayo.
• I-akhawunti yebhanki eqinisekisiweyo okanye inombolo yemali yeselula esegameni lomboleki ngokwakhe.
• Isiqinisekiso sokuba umboleki akanalo ingxelo embi entsha kwibhuro yamatyala ukusukela ekuvunyweni.
• Ukwakhiwa kweqela kunye nesibophelelo sesiqinisekiso, kwiimveliso zemboleko yeqela.

Ukukhutshwa kwemali ngaphambi kokuba iimfuneko zihlangabezwe kukwaphula ulawulo nangona imali-mboleko ihlawuleka kakuhle. Yenye yezona zinto zidla ngokuphakanyiswa kuphicotho-zincwadi kwiinkqubo zetyala, kuba kulula ukuyifumana emva kwesiganeko kwaye kunzima ukuyithethelelela.

UkuKhutshwa kweMali okuPheleleyo nokuSeleyo

Inqununu evunyiweyo kunye nesixa umboleki asifumanayo ngokwenene zihlala zingafani. Ukutsalwa kwemali emthonjeni kuxhaphakile kubolekiso lwemali encinci nakubolekiso lwabathengi.

Umzekelo: imali-mboleko evunyiweyo ye-20,000.

• Inqununu evunyiweyo (epheleleyo): 20,000.00
• Susa: umrhumo wokuqalisa (2%): (400.00)
• Susa: i-inshorensi yobomi yetyala (1.5%): (300.00)
• Susa: ukonga okunyanzelekileyo (5%): (1,000.00)
• Susa: ukuhlawulwa kwebhalansi yemboleko yangaphambili: (3,200.00)
• Ukukhutshwa kwemali okuseleyo kumboleki: 15,100.00

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo: inzala ihlangana kwinqununu epheleleyo ye-20,000, hayi kwi-15,100 efunyenweyo. Iindleko ezizezokwenene zetyala kumboleki zingaphezulu kakhulu kunokuba ireyithi ebekiweyo ibonisa, kuba uhlawula inzala kwimali angazange ayisebenzise.

Yiyo le nto izinga lenzala elisebenzayo okanye imigaqo yokubhengeza i-APR kwiimarike ezininzi ifuna ukuba iimali ezitsalwa emthonjeni ziqukwe ekubaleni. Izinga elicatshulweyo elingazihoyiyo ezi zinto libeka phantsi ixabiso lokwenyani — ngamanye amaxesha kakhulu, kwiimali-mboleko zexesha elifutshane apho intlawulo ethe tyaba ihlawulwa ngezavenge ezimbalwa.

Ukukhutshwa kweMali okuPheleleyo, okuNgaphelelanga nokuNgezavenge

Ukukhutshwa okupheleleyo. Isixa-mali sonke esivunyiweyo sikhutshwa ngentengiselwano enye. Kuqhelekile kwiimali-mboleko zexesha zabathengi kunye nezamashishini amancinci.

Ukukhutshwa okungaphelelanga. Isixa-mali esingaphantsi kunesivunyiweyo siyakhutshwa, ngokuqhelekileyo kuba umboleki ucele ngaphantsi okanye umqathango unciphisa ukukhutshwa kokuqala.

Ukukhutshwa ngezavenge okanye ngokwamanqanaba. Isibonelelo semali sikhutshwa ngezigaba, isigaba ngasinye sixhomekeke kwinkqubela eqinisekisiweyo. Kuqhelekile kwimali yokwakha, kwimali yezimpahla apho umthengisi ahlawulwa khona xa kuhanjisiwe, nakwimali-mboleko yezolimo ehambelana nexesha lonyaka. Inzala ikhula kuphela kwizixa-mali ezikhutshwe ngokwenene, ngoko ke ishedyuli kufuneka ibalwe ngokutsha kwisavenge ngasinye.

Ukukhutshwa okujikelezayo. Umboleki utsala aze ahlawule ngokuphindaphindiweyo ngaphakathi komda ovunyiweyo. Umda osele ukhoyo, endaweni yenqununu esisigxina, sisibalo esilawulayo.

Iindlela zokuKhutshwa kweMali

• Imali yeselula: Isantya esiphantse sifike ngoko nangoko, ukulandeleka okomeleleyo (ireferensi kwintengiselwano nganye). Ukusetyenziswa okuqhelekileyo: imali encinci, ukubolekwa emaphandleni nakwiindawo ezikude.
• Udluliselo lwebhanki: Kungathabatha usuku olunye ukuya kwiintsuku ezimbini, ukulandeleka okomeleleyo. Ukusetyenziswa okuqhelekileyo: iimali-mboleko ezinkulu, ukubolekwa kwamashishini.
• Ngqo kumboneleli: Isantya siyahluka, ukulandeleka okomeleleyo. Ukusetyenziswa okuqhelekileyo: imali yempahla, iifizi zesikolo, amagalelo ezolimo.
• Itsheki: Kuthatha iintsuku ukucaca, ukulandeleka okuphakathi. Ukusetyenziswa okuqhelekileyo: iinkqubo zamaziko ezindala.
• Ikheshi: Kwangoko, ukulandeleka okubuthathaka. Ukusetyenziswa okuqhelekileyo: kuyehla; umngcipheko omkhulu wobuqhophololo nolawulo.

Ukukhutshwa kwekheshi kuyinto ephambukileyo. Kushiya umkhondo wophicotho obuthathaka kakhulu, kubeka abasebenzi emngciphekweni womzimba, kwaye kudala iimeko zobuqhophololo obuxhaphakileyo bangaphakathi. Apho kungenakupheliswa khona, ukugcinwa kabini, ukurisithwa ngokulandelelana kunye nokuqinisekiswa okuzimeleyo nomboleki baba zizilawuli ezibalulekileyo ezithomalalisayo.

Izilawuli noMngcipheko woBuqhophololo

Ukukhutshwa kwemali kulapho imali ishiya khona iziko ngokoqobo, nto leyo eyenza kube yeyona nto ijoliswe kakhulu kubuqhophololo bangaphakathi nangaphandle.

Ukwahlula phakathi komenzi nomhloli. Umntu oqalisa ukukhutshwa kwemali akafanele abe ngumntu ogunyazisa oko. Olu lolona lawulo lubaluleke kakhulu kule nkqubo.

Ukuqinisekiswa kwe-akhawunti yomxhamli. I-akhawunti efumanayo okanye inombolo yeselula kufuneka iqinisekiswe ngokuthelekiswa nerekhodi yesazisi somboleki. Ukutshintshwa kwe-akhawunti — apho imali-mboleko esemthethweni ikhutshelwa kwi-akhawunti elawulwa ngabasebenzi okanye ngumntu wesithathu — kuxhomekeke ekubeni olu hlolo lungekho okanye lwenziwe ngokungenankathalo.

Ababoleki abangengobanyani. Iimali-mboleko ezenziwe kusetyenziswa izazisi eziqanjiweyo okanye ezingavumiyo, zikhutshelwa ii-akhawunti ezilawulwayo. Zifunyanwa ngokuqhagamshelana ngokuzimeleyo nomboleki, ukuqinisekiswa kwebhayometriki okanye kwe-ID ekuqalweni, kunye nohlalutyo lokudityaniswa ngokwegosa lemali-mboleko.

Ukwahlulwa kokukhutshwa kwemali. Ukwahlula imali-mboleko enye ibe zizixa ezincinci ukuze ihlale ingaphantsi komda wokugunyazisa. Kufunyanwa ngokubeka iliso kukukhutshwa kwemali okuninzi okuya kumxhamli omnye kwixesha elifutshane.

Ixesha lolawulo libalulekile. Ukubhaqwa emva kokukhutshwa kwemali kubuyisa kancinci. Nje ukuba imali ifikelele kwiwalethi yeselula yaze yakhutshwa, ukubuyiswa kwayo ngokwenene kuphantse kube nguziro. Ulawulo lothintelo kwinqanaba lokugunyazisa luthwala phantse lonke ubunzima.

Kutheni Umhla Wokukhutshwa Kwemali Ubalulekile

Umhla wokukhutshwa kwemali usisiseko sobuninzi bezibalo ezilandelayo zemboleko:

• Ukuqokeleleka kwenzala ngokuqhelekileyo kuqala ngalo mhla, hayi ngomhla wokuvunywa.
• Umhla wokuvuthwa ubalwa ukusukela kuwo.
• Ishedyuli yokuhlawula nomhla wokuqala wokuhlawula zivela kuwo.
• Ukuguga kwepotfoliyo namatyala asemva kulinganiswa ngokweshedyuli eyivelisayo.
• Uhlalutyo lwamaqela kunye neegophe zokukhutshwa zihlela iimali-mboleko ngokwenyanga yokukhutshwa.

Umhla wokukhutshwa kwemali ophosakeleyo usasaza iimpazamo kulo lonke ubalo lwenzala, kwishedyuli, kuhlelo lwamatyala asemva nakubekelwa bucala — yiloo nto kufuneka usetwe yinkqubo ngokusuka kwintengiselwano eqinisekisiweyo kunokuba ufakwe ngesandla.

Iimethrikhi Zokukhutshwa Kwemali

Umthamo wokukhutshwa kwemali. Ixabiso lilonke elikhutshiweyo kwixesha. Ngumlinganiselo ophambili wokukhula, kwaye ngowona osengozini yokusukelwa ngokungakhathalelwa komgangatho.

Inani leemali-mboleko ezikhutshiweyo. Umthamo ohlulwe ngeli nani unika ubukhulu obuphakathi bemboleko, buluncedo ekulandeleleni ukuphambuka kwemveliso.

Ixesha lokujika. Ixesha elidlulileyo ukusuka kwisicelo ukuya ekukhutshweni kwemali. Ngumlinganiselo ojongene nomboleki wokusebenza ngempumelelo, kwaye amaxesha amaninzi ngulo uthatha isigqibo kwiimarike ezikhuphisanayo.

Ukuguquka ukusuka ekuvunyweni ukuya ekukhutshweni kwemali. Isabelo seemali-mboleko ezivunyiweyo ezikhutshwa ngenene. Ukuvuza okuzingileyo apha kudla ngokukhomba kwiimiqathango ezandulelayo ezingenakwenzeka, inyathelo lamaxwebhu elicothayo, okanye aboleki abathatha unikezelo olukhawulezayo kwenye indawo.

Izinga lokungaphumeleli kokukhutshwa kwemali. Iintengiselwano ezaliwe okanye ezibuyiselwe lijelo. Amazinga aphezulu adla ngokubangelwa ziinkcukacha zomxhamli ezingaqinisekiswanga ezithathwe kwisicelo.

Iingcamango Eziphosakeleyo Eziqhelekileyo

"Ukuvunywa nokukhutshwa kwemali sisiganeko esinye." Zingamanqaku olawulo ahlukeneyo, ngamanye amaxesha ahlukene ngeentsuku. Iimali-mboleko ezivunyiweyo kodwa ezingakhutshwanga zizibophelelo, hayi ipotfoliyo, kwaye akufunekanga zibalwa kwiibhalansi ezingekahlawulwa.

"Umboleki wafumana isixa-mali semali-mboleko." Apho iimali zitsalwa khona emthonjeni, bafumana isixa esiseleyo. Ukubhengezwa, ukubalwa kwezinga elisebenzayo naluphi na uvavanyo lokukwazi ukuhlawula kufuneka kubonise oko.

"Impendulo eyimpumelelo yejelo ithetha ukuba imali-mboleko ibhukishwe." Ukuphumelela kwentlawulo nokurekhodwa kwayo kwileja ziziganeko ezibini ezahlukileyo. Kuphela ulungelelwaniso lungqina ukuba zombini zenzekile.

Imibuzo Ebuzwa Rhoqo

Ingaba ukukhutshwa kwemali kungarhoxiswa? Kuphela ngexesha elivumelekileyo lokurhoxisa lejelo kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo kuphela ngenxa yeengxaki zobugcisa. Nje ukuba imali ifunyenwe yaze yatsalwa ngumamkeli, ukurhoxisa ngokuqhelekileyo kufuna intsebenziswano yabo okanye amanyathelo asemthethweni.