Uhlalutyo lwevintage

Uhlalutyo lwevintage yindlela yokuhlola umngcipheko wetyala ehlela iimali-mboleko ngexesha ezinikezelwa ngalo ize ilandelele ukusebenza kweqela ngalinye ngokobudala, kunokuba ngokwekhalenda. Ukuthelekisa amaqela ngenani elifanayo leenyanga ezisencwadini kususa ukugqwetha okubangelwa kukukhula kwepotfoliyo, kwaye kubonisa utshintsho kumgangatho wetyala kwiinyanga ngaphambi kokuba imilinganiselo ye-arrears engundoqo ihambe.

Iingongoma eziphambili

• I vintage yintlanganisela yemali-mboleko ezinikezelwa ngexesha elifanayo—ngokuqhelekileyo inyanga okanye ikota.
• Ukusebenza kulinganiswa ngeenyanga ezisencwadini (MOB), ngoko ke imali-mboleko eneenyanga ezintathu ubudala ithelekiswa kuphela nezinye iimali-mboleko ezineenyanga ezintathu ubudala.
• Ipotfoliyo ekhulayo ngokuzenzekelayo iyawuthomalalisa umlinganiselo wayo we-arrears, kuba iimali-mboleko eziselula azikabi nalo ixesha lokungahlawuli. Uhlalutyo lwevintage yindlela esemgangathweni yokulungisa oku.
• Isiphumo siyi vintage curve: izinga elibi eliqokeleleneyo licwangciswe ngokuchasene ne-MOB, umgca omnye kwiqela ngalinye.
• Iinzuzo zayo eziphambili kukufumanisa kwangethuba ukuwohloka komgangatho wetyala, ukuvavanywa komgaqo-nkqubo okanye iinguqu zekhadi lamanqaku, ukuthelekiswa kwamajelo neemveliso, kunye noqikelelo lwelahleko yobomi bonke kwiimodeli zelahleko yetyala elilindelekileyo.

Yintoni uhlalutyo lwevintage?

Yonke imali-mboleko ineewotshi ezimbini. Enye lixesha lekhalenda—umhla okwi-statement. Enye bubudala, okanye ukuba imali-mboleko inethuba elingakanani ingekahlawulwa. Umngcipheko wetyala ulandela iwotshi yesibini, hayi eyokuqala. Imali-mboleko ekhutshwe kwiveki ephelileyo ayinakuba neentsuku ezingamashumi alithoba ingekahlawulwa; imali-mboleko ekhutshwe kwiminyaka emibini edluleyo ibe nalo lonke ithuba lokusilela.

Ingxelo yesiqhelo yepotfoliyo ixuba ezi zimbini. Umlinganiselo wepotfoliyo esemngciphekweni ngaphezu kweentsuku ezingama-30 ubalwa kuyo yonke imali-mboleko esencwadini ngomhla othile, kungakhathaliseki ubudala. Elo nani liphendula "injani ipotfoliyo ngoku," nto leyo eluncedo, kodwa alinakuphendula "ngaba esikukhupayo namhlanje kungcono okanye kubi kunoko sakukhuphela kunyaka ophelileyo." Leyo yimibuzo eyahlukileyo, kwaye kuphela ngowesibini oxelela ukuba ingaba umgaqo-nkqubo wakho wetyala uyasebenza na.

Uhlalutyo lwevintage luphendula umbuzo wesibini ngokugcina ubudala bungatshintshi. Qokelela iimali-mboleko ngenyanga yokukhutshwa, uze ulinganise iqela ngalinye kwi-MOB 3, MOB 6, MOB 12 njalo njalo. Lonke uthelekiso luthelekisa izinto ezifanayo.

Kutheni ukukhula kufihla ukubolekisa okubi

Oku kukusilela okuthile uhlalutyo lwevintage lwenzelwe ukukuthintela.

Umbolekisi ophinda kabini incwadi yakhe yemali-mboleko rhoqo ngonyaka unepotfoliyo apho uninzi lweemali-mboleko ziselula. Iimali-mboleko eziselula phantse azize zingahlawulwa — kungengakuba zilungile, kodwa kuba azikabi nalo ixesha lokuba mbi. Idenominator yomlinganiselo we-arrears ikhula ngokukhawuleza ngelixa inumerator isabela kuphela emva kokulibala kweenyanga eziliqela.

Isiphumo ngumlinganiselo wepotfoliyo esemngciphekweni ohlala untshintshanga, okanye uphucuke, ngelixa umgangatho wokuhlola umngcipheko uyawa. Xa ukukhula kucotha, iimali-mboleko ezimbi eziqokeleleneyo ziyavela zonke ngaxeshanye kwaye umlinganiselo uwohloka kakhulu, udla ngokubekwa ityala kwimeko yezoqoqosho kunokuba kube zizigqibo zokukhutshwa kwemali-mboleko ezenziwe unyaka ongaphambili.

Uhlalutyo lwevintage lwenza oku kubonakale ngelixa kusenzeka.

Itheyibhile yevintage

Isiphumo esiqhelekileyo ngunxantathu: amaqela okuqalisa ezantsi kwimiqolo, iinyanga ezisencwadini zinqumla kwiikholamu. Icala elisezantsi ekunene letheyibhile alinanto kuba iivintage zamva nje azikakhuli.

Izinga elongezelelekileyo leentsuku ezingama-90+ ezidlulileyo, ngokwenyanga yokuqalisa kunye neenyanga ezisencwadini

• UJanuwari: MOB 3: 0.8% | MOB 6: 2.1% | MOB 9: 3.4% | MOB 12: 4.0%
• UFebruwari: MOB 3: 0.9% | MOB 6: 2.3% | MOB 9: 3.6% | MOB 12: 4.2%
• UMatshi: MOB 3: 1.1% | MOB 6: 2.8% | MOB 9: 4.3%
• UEpreli: MOB 3: 1.6% | MOB 6: 3.9%
• UMeyi: MOB 3: 2.1% | MOB 6: 4.8%
• UJuni: MOB 3: 2.4%

Funda uhla uye ezantsi kuyo nayiphi na ikholamu enye. Kwi-MOB 3, izinga elibi liye laphindaphindeka kathathu phakathi kukaJanuwari noJuni. Kwi-MOB 6, liye laphindaphindeka ngaphezu kokuphindwe kabini phakathi kukaJanuwari noMeyi. Kukho into etshintshileyo kwishishini malunga noMatshi okanye uEpreli — ukuyekelelwa komgaqo-nkqubo, ijelo elitsha, utshintsho lomda we-scorecard, iqela lobuqhophololo, okanye isebe elitsha elamkela ababoleki ababuthathaka.

Ngoku qwalasela ukuba umlinganiselo wokungahlawuli kwinqanaba lepotfoliyo ngewubonise ntoni kwangelo xesha linye. Ukuba incwadi ibikhula ngokukhawuleza, kuncinci kakhulu. I-4.8% yeqela likaMeyi kwi-MOB 6 ayibonakali ngokupheleleyo kumanani aphambili de kube sekupheleni konyaka.

Ukufunda itheyibhile ngeendlela ezintathu:

• Ukuya ezantsi kwikholamu — uthelekisa amaqela kubudala obufanayo. Olu luthelekiso olubalulekileyo kumgangatho wetyala.
• Ukuwela umqolo — ulandelela ukuvuthwa kweqela elinye, ubonisa indlela ilahleko eziqokelelana ngayo ngokuhamba kwexesha.
• Ecaleni kwediagonal — imele ixesha elinye lekhalenda, kuba inyathelo ngalinye ukuya ekunene nasezantsi lihambela phambili inyanga enye ngexesha lokwenyani. Iipateni zediagonal zibonisa ukothuka okuchaphazela onke amaqela ngaxeshanye, njengesiganeko soqoqosho olukhulu, ukuphazamiseka kokuqokelela, okanye ukungasebenzi kwejelo lokuhlawula.

Lo mahluko wokugqibela ubalulekile ekuxilongeni. Ingxaki ebonakalayo ezantsi kwiikholamu ivela ku-underwriting. Ingxaki ebonakalayo ecaleni kwediagonal ivela kwimo engqongileyo okanye kwinkonzo, kwaye ichaphazela iimali-mboleko ebezilungile xa zazibhalwa.

Iigophe zevintage

Ukuphawula umqolo ngamnye njengomgca — izinga elibi elongezelelekileyo kwi-eksisi ethe nkqo, i-MOB kwi-eksisi ethe tyaba — kuvelisa itshathi yegophe levintage enika ubuchule uphawu lwabo olubonakalayo.

Iigophe ezihle zineemo ezifanayo: zinyuka ngokukhawuleza ekuqaleni, emva koko zithe tyaba kancinci njengoko iqela likhula ngobudala.izinga lelahleko lingaqikelelwa ngokuthembekileyo. Kwiimali-mboleko zabathengi zexeshana elifutshane kunye nee-microloans oku kusenokuba ziinyanga ezintandathu ukuya kwishumi elinambini; kwiimali-mboleko ezibambisiweyo zexesha elide kusenokuba yiminyaka eliqela.

Iimpawu ezimbini zeegophe zinentsingiselo:

• Umphakamo — apho igophe lihleli khona. Igophe eliphezulu lithetha iqela elibi kakhulu kulo lonke ubudala.
• Imo — indlela enyuka ngayo ngokukhawuleza. Iigophe ezinyuka ngokukhawuleza kakhulu kwiinyanga ezimbalwa zokuqala zibonisa iingxaki zokuqaliswa kwemali-mboleko: ubuqhophololo, ingeniso echazwe ngokungeyiyo, okanye ababoleki abangazange babe nenjongo yokubuyisa. Iigophe ezihlala ziphantsi emva koko ziwohloka kamva zibonisa iingxaki zokukwazi ukuhlawula ezivela njengoko iimeko zitshintsha.

Ukusilela kwentlawulo yokuqala — umboleki osilela isavenge sokuqala kanye — kufuneka alandelwe ngokwahlukileyo. Phantse akusosiganeko setyala ngendlela eqhelekileyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo kubonisa ubuqhophololo, ukusetyenziswa kakubi kwesazisi, impazamo yedatha, okanye igosa lemali-mboleko elenza iimali-mboleko umboleki angazange azifumane.

Yintoni emele ukulinganiswa

Le ndlela ayinamsebenzi nokuba yeyiphi imetrikhi oyilandelelayo, kwaye ukhetho kufuneka lulandele umbuzo obuzwayo.

• Ipesenti eyongezelekayo yokuba ngaphezulu kweentsuku ezingama-30 / 60 / 90+ emva komhla wokuhlawula: Uphawu lomngcipheko lwakwangoko, olufumaneka ngokukhawuleza.
• Izinga lokusilela eliyongezelekayo: Isiphumo setyala esisemthethweni esichazwe yinkcazo yokusilela kombolekisi.
• Izinga lelahleko esulungekileyo eliyongezelekayo: Izinto ezicinyiweyo kuthathwe izibuyekezo — isiphumo sokwenene soqoqosho.
• Izinga lokusilela ukuhlawula ngexesha elithile: Umfanekiso wexeshana kunokuba ube ngowongezelekayo; unengxolo kodwa ulula.
• Izinga lokusilela kwentlawulo yokuqala: Livavanya ubuqhophololo nengqibelelo yokuqaliswa kwemali-mboleko.
• Izinga lokuhlawula kwangaphambili / lokugqibezela kwangoko: Ilinganisa ifuthe lengeniso kunye nobomi bemali-mboleko obuziphetheyo kwiimodeli zokubeka amaxabiso.

Izigqibo ezimbini zendlela yokusebenza zibaluleke ngaphezu kokubonakala kwazo:

Ngokwezibalo okanye ngokwebhalansi? Ukulinganisa ngenani leemali-mboleko kuphatha wonke umboleki ngokulinganayo; ukulinganisa ngesixa esikhutshiweyo kubonisa ukuvezwa koqoqosho. Zinokubalisa amabali ahlukileyo xa ubukhulu beemali-mboleko buhluka kakhulu — iqela linokubonakala lilungile ngenani kodwa libi ngexabiso ukuba iimali-mboleko ezinkulu zizo ezisilelayo. Xela zombini apho kunokwenzeka khona.

Yiyiphi idenominator? Kumazinga elahleko ayongezelekayo, idenominator kufuneka ibe sisixa sokuqala esikhutshiweyo seqela, sigcinwe singatshintshi. Ukusebenzisa ibhalansi eseleyo yangoku kuphinda kungenise kanye ukugqwetha obu buchule bujolise ukukususa, kuba ibhalansi iyancipha njengoko iimali-mboleko ezilungileyo zihlawula.

Apho uhlalutyo lwevintage lusetyenziswa khona

Ukuvavanywa komgaqo-nkqubo wetyala. Eyona ndlela ethembekileyo yokwazi ukuba utshintsho lomgaqo-nkqubo lusebenzile. Qinisa umda wokunqunyulwa ngoMatshi, kwaye iivintage ezisusela kuMatshi ukuya phambili kufuneka zihlale ngaphantsi kwezangaphambili kwi-MOB elinganayo. Akukho nto eyahlula isiphumo ngokucocekileyo ngolu hlobo.

Ukubekwa kweliso kwekhadi lamanqaku. Iigophe zevintage ezahlulwe ngebhendi yamanqaku kufuneka zicwangciswe kwaye zahlulwe. Ukuba iibhendi ziyahlangana okanye ziyawela, imodeli ilahlekelwe ngamandla okwahlula kwaye ifuna ukulungiswa kwakhona.

Ukuthelekiswa kwejelo, imveliso kunye nesebe. Amaqela ahlulwe ngejelo lokufumana, isebe, igosa lemali-mboleko okanye imveliso ahlala etyhila ukuba ukusebenza okudityanisiweyo kuqhutywa licandelo elinye elomeleleyo ngelixa elinye lilahlekelwa yimali.

Ukuvavanywa kwephulo kunye nokunyuswa. Iimali-mboleko ezibhalwe phantsi kophusho lokunyusa zenza eyazo ivintage kwaye zinokuvavanywa ngokwemigaqo yazo endaweni yokudityaniswa nencwadi.

Imodeli yelahleko yetyala elilindelekileyo. Iigophe zevintage ziligalelo elithe ngqo lobungqina kuqikelelo lwelahleko yobomi bonke phantsi kwe-IFRS 9, kuba zichaza indlela iilahleko ezivela ngayo kubomi beqela.

Amaxabiso kunye nenzuzo. Ilahleko yobomi elindelekileyo ngecandelo, ethathwe kwiigophe zivintage ezivuthiweyo, licandelo lelahleko lexabiso elisekelwe kumngcipheko.

Ukuqikelela. Amaqela angekavuthwa anokuqikelelwa phambili ngokusebenzisa ubume beegophe ezivuthiweyo ezifanayo, nto leyo enika uqikelelo lwakwangoko lwendawo apho ivintage yakutshanje iza kuphela khona.

Indlela uhlalutyo lwevintage oluthelekisa ngayo nobunye ubuchule

• Uhlalutyo lwevintage: Lilandelela amaqela okuqala ngobudala. Lulungile ekuthelekiseni umgangatho wokubhala phantsi ngokuhamba kwexesha. Umda: Ufuna ukuba amaqela avuthwe.
• Uhlalutyo lwezinga lokujika: Lilandelela intshukumo phakathi kweebhakethi zokungahlawuli inyanga nenyanga. Lulungile kuqikelelo lwexesha elifutshane lokuqokelela. Umda: Alubonisi umgangatho wokuqala.
• Izinga lokuhamba / imatrix yotshintsho: Ivavanya amathuba okuhamba phakathi kweemeko zomngcipheko. Ilungile ekumodareyiseni ukufuduka kwexesha elikufutshane. Umda: Icinga ukuba ubudlelwane botshintsho buhlala buzinzile.
• Isishwankathelo somngcipheko wepotfoliyo: Ilinganisa yonke incwadi ngexesha elinye. Ilungile ekuvavanyeni imeko yangoku yepotfoliyo. Umda: Igqwethwa kukukhula kwepotfoliyo kunye nokutshintsha komxube.
• Uhlalutyo lwephuli emileyo: Lilandelela iphuli emiselweyo yeeakhawunti ngokuhamba kwexesha. Lulungile kwi-securitisation kunye nokusebenza kwephuli. Umda: Ngokwengqiqo iyafana nohlalutyo lwevintage phantsi kwegama elahlukileyo.

Ezi ziyancedisana. Amazinga okujika akuxelela ukuba kuza kwenzeka ntoni kwinyanga ezayo; iigophe zevintage zikuxelela ukuba iimali-mboleko ozibhalayo namhlanje zifanele ukubhalwa na.

Idatha neemfuno ezisebenzayo

• Umhla wokukhutshwa kwemali kwimali-mboleko nganye, ongaguqukiyo, ochaza ubulungu beqela ngokusisigxina. Imali-mboleko ayize itshintshe ivintage, kubandakanywa nasemva kokulungiswa kwakhona.
• Iifoto zokusebenza zembali, okanye imbali yentengiselwano epheleleyo ngokwaneleyo ukuze kuphinde kwakhiwe imeko yokulibeleka kwentlawulo yemali-mboleko nganye ekupheleni kwenyanga nganye eyadlulayo.
• Ingcaciso ezinzileyo yokuba "mbi" esetyenziswa ngokufanayo kulo lonke uthotho. Ukutshintsha ingcaciso yokusilela ukuhlawula phakathi kothotho kwenza lonke uthelekiso lungabi namsebenzi.
• Ubungakanani obaneleyo beqela. Amaqela amancinci avelisa iigophe ezinengxolo. Apho amanani enyanga ephantsi, yahlula ngokweekota.
• Ukuphathwa ngokufanayo kokuhlengahlengiswa kunye nokucinywa kwamatyala. Imali-mboleko ehlengahlengisiweyo ethi iyeke ukuxelwa njengelibelekileyo ekuhlawuleni iya kuyenza ibonakale ingcono ivintage yayo. Yenza isigqibo ngomgaqo, wubhale phantsi, uyisebenzise kulo lonke ixesha.
• Izitshixo zokwahlulahlula ezithathwa ekuqaliseni — imveliso, ijelo, isebe, igosa, ibhendi yamanqaku. Amacandelo akanakuhlalutywa emva kwexesha ukuba ezi mpawu zange zirekhodwe.

Iimpazamo eziqhelekileyo

Ukuthelekisa amaqela angekavuthwa nalawo avuthiweyo ngamaxabiso awo okugqibela. Iqela elikwi-MOB 4 liya kuhlala likhangeleka lingcono kunelikwi-MOB 18. Kuphela luthelekiso lobudala obulinganayo olusebenzayo — le yiyo yonke injongo yale ndlela, kwaye iseyeyona mpazamo iqhelekileyo.

Ukusebenzisa ibhalansi engekahlawulwa njengenani elisezantsi. Oku kuphinda kubuyise ukugqwetha kokukhula. Gcina isixa sokuqala esakhutshwayo singatshintshi.

Ukungahoyi ukutshintsha komxube. Iqela linokuwohloka ngenxa nje yokuba indibaniselwano yalo itshintshile — ngaphezulu kwemveliso enobungozi, ngaphezulu kwejelo elibuthathaka — ngaphandle kokuba naliphi na icandelo elinye liye laba libi. Yahlula phambi kokuba ugqibe kwelokuba ukuvavanywa kwemali-mboleko kuye kwehla.

Ukungahoyi ukuhluka kwamaxesha onyaka. Kwimali-mboleko eqhutywa lulimo neefizi zesikolo, amaqela aqalwe kwiinyanga ezahlukeneyo ajongana neemeko zokuhlawula ezahluke ngokwenene. Thelekisa iinyanga ezifanayo kwiminyaka eyahlukeneyo kunye neenyanga ezilandelelanayo.

Ukutolika ngokugqithisileyo amaqela amancinci. Iimeko ezimbalwa zokusilela ukuhlawula kwiqela elincinci zivelisa ukuguquka okukhulu kweepesenti okungathethi nto.

Ukuyeka kwinqanaba lepotfoliyo. Igophe elidityanisiweyo lingumndilili wamacandelo anokuthi ahambe kwiindlela ezichaseneyo.

Ukuphatha isiphumo esidayagonali njengengxaki yokuqalisa. Ukuba iqela ngalinye liwohloka kwinyanga efanayo yekhalenda, unobangela ngowangaphandle okanye owokusebenza, hayi ukuvavanywa kwemali-mboleko.