Imali-mboleko yedijithali / yeselula

Imali-mboleko yedijithali — ekwabizwa ngokuba yimali-mboleko yefowuni, imali-mboleko ekhawulezileyo okanye ikhredithi yedijithali — yimali-mboleko efakwa isicelo sayo, ehlolwa, ekhutshwa kwaye ebuyiswa ngokupheleleyo ngeendlela zedijithali, kungekho kutyelela kwisebe, kungekho maphepha kwaye kungekho mntu ugqiba isigqibo ngesandla. Umboleki ufaka isicelo kwi-app ye-smartphone, kwimenyu ye-USSD okanye kwifomu yewebhu; imodeli ezenzekelayo inika amanqaku kwisicelo kwimizuzwana nje; kwaye imali ithunyelwa ngqo kwi-wallet yemali ephathwayo okanye kwi-akhawunti yebhanki.

Uphawu oluphambili aluyiyo ifowuni koko kukuzenzekela. Imali-mboleko iyidijithali xa isigqibo sekhredithi senziwa yimodeli kunokuba senziwe ngumntu, kusetyenziswa idatha umbolekisi esele enayo okanye anokuyifumana ngoko nangoko.

Iimali-mboleko zedijithali zihlala zincinci, zifutshane kwaye zingenasibambiso — ezidla ngokubizwa ngokuba zii-nano-loans kwelona nqanaba lincinci.

Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo

• Isixa esiyintloko: Sincinci kakhulu xa sithelekiswa nekredithi eqhelekileyo; sihlala silingana nomvuzo weentsuku ezimbalwa
• Ixesha lemboleko: Iintsuku ezisi-7 ukuya kwezi-30, ngamanye amaxesha ukuya kutsho kwiinyanga ezi-3 ukuya kwezi-6 xa kubolekwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo
• Isibambiso: Akukho
• Ixesha lesigqibo: Imizuzwana ukuya kwimizuzu
• Ixabiso: Umrhumo osisigxina phezu kwesixa esiyintloko kunokuba ibe yireyithi yonyaka echaziweyo
• Ukukhutshwa kwemali: I-wallet yemali ephathwayo okanye ugqithiselo lwemali oluya ebhankini
• Ukubuyiswa kwemali: I-push yemali ephathwayo, i-link yokuhlawula, umyalelo osisigxina okanye ukutsalwa emvuzweni
• Ukuvavanya umngcipheko: Kuzenzekela ngokupheleleyo, kusetyenziswa idatha engenye

Indlela esebenza ngayo imali-mboleko yedijithali

1. Isicelo. Umboleki ucela isixa nge-app, ikhowudi ye-USSD okanye iphepha lewebhu. Ukufakwa kwedatha kuncinci — ngokufuthi kuba sisixa kunye nokuqinisekisa kuphela.
2. Ukuqinisekiswa kwesazisi. Isazisi siqinisekiswa ngokuthelekiswa novimba weenkcukacha wesazisi kazwelonke, irekhodi yomrhumi yomnatha weselula, okanye ukukhangela kwe-KYC okwenziwe ngaphambili.
3. Ukunikezelwa kwamanqaku okuzenzekelayo. Imodeli inika isicelo amanqaku isebenzisa idatha engenye kwaye, apho ikhoyo, idatha yeziko letyala.
4. Isigqibo esikhawulezileyo. Inkqubo iyavuma okanye iyala kwaye ibeka umda, umrhumo kunye nomhla wokuhlawula.
5. Ukukhutshwa kwemali. Iimali zithunyelwa kwi-wallet yomboleki, ngokuqhelekileyo phakathi kwemizuzu nje.
6. Ukubuyisela imali. Umboleki ubuyisela imali ngemali yeselula, ngekhonkco lokuhlawula, okanye ngokutsalwa okuzenzekelayo. Ukuhlawula emva kwexesha kubangela izikhumbuzo ezenzekelayo, iintlawulo zesohlwayo, kwaye, kwiimarike ezininzi ezilawulwayo, ukuxelwa kwiziko lereferensi yetyala.
7. Ukunyuka komda. Ukuhlawula ngempumelelo kuvula umda omkhulu, ixesha lokuboleka elide, okanye umrhumo ophantsi — eyona ndlela iphambili ebamba ndawonye imali-mboleko engenasibambiso nengenakunyanzeliswa.

Yeyiphi idatha esetyenziswa ngababolekisi bedijithali

Ngenxa yokuba umboleki ekujoliswe kuye edla ngokungabi nafayile yeziko letyala, ababolekisi bedijithali endaweni yoko basebenzisa idatha engenye:

• Imbali yemali yeselula — ukuphindaphinda kweentengiselwano, iindlela zebhalansi, ukuthi rhoqo kwemali engenayo, ukwahlukahlukana kwabantu ekusetyenzwa nabo
• Idatha yonxibelelwano — ixesha lobumrhumi, ukuphindaphinda kunye nezixa zokufaka i-airtime, iindlela zokusetyenziswa kweefowuni kunye nedatha
• Idatha yesixhobo — imodeli yesixhobo, inkqubo yokusebenza, ubudala besixhobo, iindlela zokugcina
• Imbali yokuhlawula kumbolekisi — sesona sibikezeli someleleyo kakhulu xa sele ikhona
• Idatha yeziko letyala, apho umboleki anefayile khona
• Indlela yokuziphatha kwisicelo — ixesha lesicelo, isantya sokufaka, iindlela zokulungisa

Imali-mboleko yokuqala yiyona enzima. Kuba kungekho budlelwane bangaphambili, imodeli iqikelela kwiimpawu ezibuthathaka, yiyo loo nto imida yokuqala imincinci: umbolekisi uthenga ulwazi, kwaye ixabiso lolo lwazi yilahleko kwiimali-mboleko zokuqala.

Kutheni iimali-mboleko zedijithali zibiza ngale ndlela

Iimali-mboleko zedijithali phantse zisoloko zichazwa njengomrhumo omiselweyo — "boleka i-1,000, buyisela i-1,100 ngeentsuku ezingama-30" — kunokuba zichazwe njengezinga lenzala lonyaka. Izibalo ezisemva kwaloo ndlela yokuwubeka zibalulekile.

Intlawulo ye-10% kwi mboleko yeentsuku ezingama-30 ibalwa ngokonyaka ibe:

Simple APR = 10% × (365 ÷ 30) = 121.7%

Ukuba umboleki uyivuselela imali-mboleko ngokuqhubekayo unyaka wonke, ukudityaniswa kwenzala kuyasebenza:

Effective annual rate = (1.10)^(365÷30) − 1 = 219%

Lo mahluko phakathi kwe-10% ecatshulweyo ne-219% esebenzayo yeyona nkalo ingaqondwa kakuhle yale mveliso, kwaye sisizathu sokuba uninzi lwabalawuli ngoku lufune ukubhengezwa kwe-APR.

Izinto ezintathu eziqhuba iindleko zichaza amaxabiso, kwaye zezolwakhiwo kunokuba zizezokuhlutha kuphela:

• Iindleko ezisisigxina ngemboleko nganye. Ukunika amanqaku, ukukhutshwa kwemali, i-SMS, iintlawulo zendlela yokuhlawula kunye neendleko zokuqokelela ziphantse zifana kwi mboleko encinci njengaleyo enkulu. Kwisixa-mboleko esincinci kakhulu, ezo ndleko zisisigxina zodwa zinokuba ziipesenti ezininzi.
• Ilahleko ephezulu elindelekileyo. Isikweletu esingenasibambiso, esidalwe kude, kubaboleki abangenayo ifayile yetyala, sidla ngokungahlawulwa ngamazinga aphezulu kakhulu kuneemboleko ezinezibambiso, kwaye ukubuyiselwa kwemali emva kokungahlawulwa kuphantse kube nguziro.
• Ixesha elifutshane. Intlawulo efunyanwa kanye kwiintsuku ezingama-30 ibonakala incinci ngokwalo nje kwaye inkulu kakhulu xa ibalwa ngokonyaka — kodwa isiseko seendleko zombolekisi naso senziwa kanye kumjikelo ngamnye weentsuku ezingama-30, hayi kanye ngonyaka.

Uqoqosho lusebenza kuphela xa kukho umthamo omkhulu nakubaboleki abaphindayo, apho indleko yokufumana umboleki sele isetyenzisiwe kwaye imbali yokuhlawula ithathe indawo yoqikelelo.

Iimali-mboleko zedijithali xa zithelekiswa nolunye ukredu.

• Imboleko yedijithali / yeselfowuni: Ukuvavanywa okuzenzekelayo kweedatha engenye, izigqibo ngemizuzu, isixa esincinci kakhulu, ixesha leentsuku ukuya kwiiveki, akukho sibambiso esifunekayo, indleko ephezulu ngeyunithi ebolekiweyo, ubudlelwane bentengiselwano.
• Imboleko yobuqu yebhanki: Ukuvavanywa ngesandla kusetyenziswa ingeniso ebhaliweyo, izigqibo kwiintsuku ukuya kwiiveki, isixa esiphakathi ukuya kwesikhulu, ixesha leenyanga ukuya kwiminyaka, kufuneka isibambiso okanye iphepha lomvuzo, indleko ephantsi ngeyunithi ebolekiweyo, ubudlelwane besivumelwano.
• Imboleko yeqela yemali encinci: Igosa lemboleko kunye nokuvavanywa ngoontanga, izigqibo kwiintsuku ukuya kwiiveki, isixa esincinci, ixesha leenyanga ezininzi, kufuneka isiqinisekiso seqela, indleko ephakathi ngeyunithi ebolekiweyo, ubudlelwane bezentlalo.

Iinzuzo

• Ufikelelo. Ifikelela kubaboleki abangenasibambiso, abangenalo iphepha lomvuzo kwaye bengenayo ifayile ye-bhuro — abantu abangakwaziyo ukuncedwa kukuhlolwa okuqhelekileyo kwaphela.
• Isantya nokulula. Imali ifika ngemizuzu, nangaliphi na ixesha, ngaphandle kohambo okanye iifom, nto leyo ebalulekileyo kwiimeko ezingxamisekileyo zokunqongophala kwemali.
• Ukwakhiwa kwefayile yetyala. Idatha yokuhlawulwa evela kwiimali-mboleko zedijithali yakha irekhodi ethi kamva yenze umboleki afanelekele ukufumana ityala elikhulu nelingabizi kakhulu — ukuba nje umbolekisi uxela kwi-bureau.
• Iindleko eziphantsi zokunikezela. Ukungabikho kothungelwano lwamasebe kuthetha ukuba ityala linganikezelwa ngenzuzo kwiindawo apho ubukho ngokwasemzimbeni bebungenakuze bubekho.

Imingcipheko nezigxeko.

• Ukutyala ngokugqithisileyo nokufumba iimali-mboleko. Apho ababolekisi abaliqela baboleka ababoleki abafanayo ngaphandle kwedatha ekwabelwanayo, umboleki unokuba neemali-mboleko ezintlanu okanye ezintandathu ngaxeshanye ezingenakubonwa nguye nawuphi na umbolekisi. Ingxelo ye-bureau iyayinciphisa le nto kuphela xa ukuthatha inxaxheba kuphelele kwaye kungokwangoku.
• Amaxabiso angacacanga. Ukuxela intlawulo ethe tyaba kunciphisa ngendlela ecwangcisiweyo indleko yetyala engqondweni yomboleki.
• Imijikelo yokuvuselelwa kwetyala.. Amaxesha amafutshane kakhulu akhuthaza ukuboleka okuphindaphindiweyo ukuze kuhlawulwe imali-mboleko yangaphambili, nto leyo eguqula imali ebolekwe kanye ibe sisibophelelo esiqhubekayo nesineendleko eziphezulu.
• Ukusetyenziswa endaweni yotyalo-mali. Inxalenye enkulu yetyala ledijithali ixhasa ukugudiswa kokusetyenziswa okanye, kwezinye iimeko ezibhaliweyo, ukungcakaza — usetyenziso olungavelisi mbuyekezo yokuhlawula intlawulo.
• Ubumfihlo bedatha. Ezinye ii-apps zakuqala zaqokelela uluhlu lwabafowunelwa, umxholo weSMS kunye nendawo ngaphandle kwemvume enentsingiselo. Ukunxibelelana nabafowunelwa bomboleki ngokubahlazisa ukuze bahlawule kube ngumba ophindaphindayo wonyanzeliso.
• Ukuqokelela okuzenzekelayo okunobundlongondlongo.. Uxinzelelo lweSMS neefowuni oluphindaphindwa rhoqo, kunye nokufumba kwezohlwayo, luchaphazela ngokungalinganiyo ababoleki abanemivuzo ephantsi.
• Ukufakwa kuluhlu olumnyama lwedijithali. Ukungaphumeleli ukuhlawula intyala encinci okuxelwe kwi-bureau kunokumkhupha umboleki kwikredithi esesikweni iminyaka — isiphumo esibi kakhulu kwimali-mboleko yokuqala encinci kakhulu.

Ulawulo.

Uqwalaselo lwabalawuli luye lwaqina kakhulu njengoko icandelo likhulile. Iimfuno eziqhelekileyo ngoku ziquka:

• Ukunikezelwa kwelayisensi kubaboneleli betyala ledijithali njengodidi olwahlukileyo olulawulwayo, endaweni yokusebenza phantsi kobhaliso lweshishini ngokubanzi
• Ukuxelwa okunyanzelekileyo kwe-APR okanye iindleko ezipheleleyo zetyala phambi kokuba umboleki amkele
• Imida yenzala neentlawulo, okanye imida kwiindleko zizonke njengophindaphindo lwemali eyintloko
• Imigaqo yokuziphatha ekuqokeleleni amatyala, ethintela amaxesha okuqhagamshelana, ukunxibelelana nomntu wesithathu kunye nokuxhatshazwa
• Ukuthobela ukukhuselwa kwedatha, kunciphisa oko i-app inokukufikelela kwaye kufuna imvume ecacileyo nekhethekileyo
• Ukuxelwa okunyanzelekileyo kwi-bureau yamatyala, kokubini ukwakha iifayile zababoleki nokwenza ukuba amatyala adityanisiweyo abonakale
• Izibophelelo zokuhlola ukukwazi ukuhlawula, ezifuna ababolekisi baqwalasele ukuba umboleki angakwazi na ukuhlawula ngaphandle kobunzima