Umqinisekisi

Umqinisekisi ungumuntu noma ibhizinisi elizibophezela ngokomthetho ukukhokha isikweletu somboleki uma umboleki ehluleka ukusikhokha. Umqinisekisi akayena umuntu onesibopho esiyinhloko futhi akatholi noma iyiphi ingxenye yemali yemalimboleko, kodwa umi ngemuva kwesikweletu njengomthombo wesibili wokukhokha umbolekisi angawusebenzisa uma umboleki esehlulekile.

Isiqinisekiso yisithembiso, hhayi impahla. Lelo qiniso lilodwa lilawula yonke enye into ngendlela abaqinisekisi abahlolwa ngayo, abaqoshwa ngayo nokuphoqelelwa ngayo.

Umqinisekisi uma kuqhathaniswa nomboleki ohlanganyele kanye nesibambiso

Lezi zindima zivame ukusetshenziswa ngokushintshana ezingxoxweni kodwa azifani. Umehluko unquma ukuthi umbolekisi angayifuna nini inkokhelo futhi kubani.

• Umboleki: Ubopho buvela ngokushesha njengomuntu onesibopho esiyinhloko; uthola imali yemalimboleko; ubhalwe ku-akhawunti yemalimboleko.
• Umboleki naye / umboleki ohlanganyele: Ubopho buvela ngokushesha, ngokulinganayo nomboleki; uthola imali yemalimboleko (noma uhlomule); ubhalwe ku-akhawunti yemalimboleko.
• Umqinisekisi: Ubopho buvela kuphela ngemva kokuba umboleki esehlulekile ukukhokha; akayitholi imali yemalimboleko; akabhalwe ku-akhawunti yemalimboleko (uqoshwa ngokuhlukile).
• Isibambiso: Ubopho buncike ekubhalweni kwenkontileka (ngokuvamile buvela ngokushesha futhi buhamba kanye nesomboleki); akayitholi imali yemalimboleko; akabhalwe ku-akhawunti yemalimboleko.

Umboleki naye unobopho kusukela osukwini lokuqala futhi umbolekisi angamlandela noma ubani wabo ngaphandle kokulinda ukuthi kube khona okungahambi kahle. Umqinisekisi unobopho kuphela uma izimo zokuqalisa esiqinisekisweni sezifezekile. Isibambiso siphakathi kwalaba ababili, futhi ezinhlelweni eziningi zomthetho leli gama lisetshenziselwa isibopho esihamba kanye nesomboleki kunokuba sibe ngemuva kwaso.

Indima ehlobene kodwa ehlukile ngumhlinzeki wesibambiso womuntu wesithathu — umuntu obeka impahla yakhe njengesibambiso semalimboleko yomunye umuntu ngaphandle kokuthembisa ukuthi uzokhokha mathupha. Ukuchayeka kwabo kunqunyelwe kuleyo mpahla ebekiwe; ukuchayeka komqinisekisi kunqunyelwe kuphela yimigomo yesiqinisekiso.

Izinhlobo zesiqinisekiso

Isiqinisekiso somuntu siqu. Sinikezwa ngumuntu ngegama lakhe siqu, sisekelwa yimali engenayo yakhe nezimpahla zakhe siqu. Kuvamile lapho ibhizinisi elincane liboleka futhi umnikazi-umqondisi emi ngemuva kwalo.

Isiqinisekiso senkampani. Sinikezwa yinkampani, ngokuvamile inkampani engumzali noma ehlobene eqinisekisa ukuboleka kwenkampani engaphansi kwayo. Kudinga ubufakazi bokuthi umthethosisekelo womqinisekisi uyakuvumela nokuthi ibhodi likugunyaze ngokusemthethweni.

Isiqinisekiso esihlanganyelwe nesibophezelayo ngokugcwele. Abaqinisekisi ababili noma ngaphezulu banesibopho senani eligcwele ngamunye, hhayi ingxenye elinganayo. Umbolekisi angakwazi ukubuyisa sonke isikweletu kunoma yimuphi umqinisekisi okulula ukufinyeleleka kuye.

Isiqinisekiso esilinganayo (sezabelo). Umqinisekisi ngamunye unesibopho kuphela ngengxenye eshiwo yesikweletu.

Isiqinisekiso esilinganiselwe. Silinganiselwe enanini eliphezulu, noma sikhawulelwe emalimbolekweni ethize, ukudonswa kwemali noma isikhawu sesikhathi.

Isiqinisekiso esingenamkhawulo. Sihlanganisa isikweletu esiphelele somboleki ngaphandle komkhawulo.

Isiqinisekiso esiqhubekayo. Sihlala sisebenza kuzikweletu ezilandelanayo kanye nezinsiza ezijikelezayo kuze kube sihoxiswa ngokusemthethweni, kunokuba siphele lapho imalimboleko yokuqala ibuyisiwe.

Isiqinisekiso esikhokhwa lapho kufunwa. Sikhokhwa ngokushesha lapho umbolekisi efaka isicelo, ngaphandle kokuthi umbolekisi aqale asebenzise zonke izindlela zokubuyisa kuboleki.

Isiqinisekiso esinemibandela. Umbolekisi kufanele aqale athathe izinyathelo ezinqunyiwe — ngokuvamile ukufuna inkokhelo kumboleki, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ukusebenzisa isibambiso — ngaphambi kokubiza umqinisekisi.

Isiqinisekiso esiphambanayo. Amalungu eqembu aqinisekisa izikweletu zabanye ngamunye, okuvamile ezinhlakeni zamaqembu ezinkampani.

Isiqinisekiso seqembu noma isibopho esihlanganyelwe. Ekubolekeni kweqembu, amalungu aqinisekisa izikweletu zabanye ngokuhlanganyela, ukuze iqembu lithwale ukwehluleka kwelungu elithile. Lokhu kufaka ingcindezi yezenhlalo kanye nedumela elihlanganyelwe esikhundleni sezimpahla ezibekiwe.

Okurekhodwa ngababolekisi ngomqinisekisi.

• Igama eliphelele elisemthethweni, incwadi yomazisi kanye nemininingwane yokuxhumana eqinisekisiwe.
• Ubudlelwano nomboleki, kanye nanoma yikuphi ukungqubuzana kwezithakazelo.
• Imali engenayo yomsebenzi noma yebhizinisi, eqinisekiswe ngokuzimele ngaphandle kwefayela lomboleki.
• Izikweletu ezikhona, kuhlanganise nezinye iziqinisekiso esezinikeziwe.
• Izimpahla ezitholakalayo zokwanelisa isimangalo, nokuthi ngabe ezinye zibekwe njengesibambiso ngokwehlukene.
• Uhlobo lwesiqinisekiso, inani kanye nanoma yimuphi umkhawulo.
• Ama-akhawunti eboleko ahlanganisiwe, nokuthi ngabe isiqinisekiso siyaqhubeka.
• Usuku okwasayinwa ngalo, imininingwane yofakazi, kanye nobufakazi beseluleko esizimele lapho kudingeka khona
• Inkomba yesinqumo sebhodi, ezeziqinisekiso zenkampani
• Isimo: esisebenzayo, esiceliwe, esibuyiselwe kancane, esidedelwe, esiphelelwe isikhathi

Iziqinisekiso ngokuvamile zigcinwa kanye nezimpahla ezibambisiwe kurejista yezibambiso, ukuze ukusekelwa kwezikweletu okuphelele ngemuva kokuchayeka kubonakale endaweni eyodwa — nakuba isiqinisekiso ngokwaso singesona isibambiso.

Ukuhlola umqinisekisi

Umgomo oyinhloko ukuthi umqinisekisi kufanele ahlolwe njengomboleki, ngoba esimweni sokwehluleka ukukhokha uba umboleki.

Amandla. Ingabe imali engenayo yomqinisekisi uqobo iyakwazi ukukhokha inani eliqinisekisiwe ngaphezu kwezibopho zakhe ezikhona? Umqinisekisi onamandla okukhokha asevele asetshenziswe ngokuphelele wengeza amaphepha, hhayi ukuvikelwa.

Ukuzimela kwemali engenayo. Uma imali etholwa umqinisekisi ivela ebhizinisini elifanayo, emkhakheni ofanayo noma kukhasimende elifanayo nomboleki, bobabili bahluleka ukukhokha ndawonye. Imali engenayo ehlobene eduze iyisici esivame kakhulu ekwakhiweni kweziqinisekiso.

Iziqinisekiso ezivele zinikeziwe. Umuntu oqinisekise izikweletu eziyisithupha kubabolekisi abane unesibopho esingaba khona esikhulu kakhulu kunalokho okuvezwa yifayela lakhe. Ukuhlolwa kwezikhungo zezikweletu nokubuza ngqo kokubili kubalulekile lapha.

Izimpahla nokuphoqeleleka. Izimpahla eziphethwe ngokuhlanganyela nomlingani womshado, noma eziphethwe ku-trust, zingaba nzima noma zingafinyeleleki.

Ukuqonda nemvume. Izinkantolo zivame ukuzibekela eceleni iziqinisekiso ukwedlula noma yimuphi omunye umbhalo wokubolekisa, ngokuvamile ngenxa yokuthi umqinisekisi akazange asiqonde isibopho, wacindezelwa ukuba asithathe, noma wadukiswa ngesimo somboleki. Ukusayina okuzimele, incazelo ecacile, kanye nokuthola iseluleko sezomthetho esizimele ezimweni ezinkulu, kuyavikela umbolekisi futhi kulungile kumqinisekisi.

Ukuzimisela. Umqinisekisi owasayina ngokungathandi ngaphansi kwengcindezi yomndeni uzokwenqaba ukukhokha futhi aqhubekise icala enkantolo. Izindleko zokuphoqelela ziyingxenye yesinqumo sezikweletu.

Izibopho namalungelo omqinisekisi

Izibopho ziqala lapho umbandela osemqulwini wesiqinisekiso ufezekile — ngokuvamile ukungakhokhi komboleki kanye nesidingo esisemthethweni. Ngokuya ngendlela okubhalwe ngayo, isibopho singafinyelela enanini eliyinhloko, inzalo eqongelelekile, izinhlawulo, kanye nezindleko zombolekisi zokubuyisa.

Amalungelo avame ukunganakwa kodwa akhona ngokoqobo ezinhlelweni eziningi zomthetho:

• Ukungenela — ngemva kokukhokha, umqinisekisi uthatha isikhundla sombolekisi futhi angamxosha umboleki, kuhlanganise nanoma yisiphi isibambiso umbolekisi abenaso.
• Isinxephezelo — ilungelo lokubuyisa kumboleki lokho okwakhokhwa egameni lakhe.
• Igalelo — lapho kunabaqinisekisi abaningana, lowo okhokha ngaphezu kwengxenye yakhe angabuyisa kwabanye.
• Ulwazi — izindawo eziningi zomthetho zidinga ukuthi umbolekisi azise umqinisekisi ngokuthi umboleki wehlulekile ukukhokha phakathi nenkathi ebekiwe.
• Ukukhululwa — isiqiniseko singaphela uma umbolekisi eguqula kakhulu imigomo yemalimboleko, ekhulula isibambiso, noma enikeza umboleki isikhathi ngaphandle kwemvume yomqinisekisi.

Lelo phuzu lokugcina yilo elivame kakhulu ukucekela phansi isiqiniseko ekusebenzeni. Ukuhlela kabusha okuvunyelwene ngakho nomboleki kuphela kungamkhulula umqinisekisi ngokuphelele ngaphandle uma imvume yabo ebhaliwe itholakala ngasikhathi sinye.

Iziqiniseko kwezemali ezincane

Kwezemali ezincane, lapho ababolekayo ngokuvamile bengenazo izimpahla ezibhalisekayo, iziqiniseko zenza umsebenzi omningi owenziwa yisibambiso kwezinye izindawo. Zimbili izinhlaka ezihamba phambili.

Ukubolekisa kweqembu noma kwesibopho esihlanganyelwe kwenza ilungu ngalinye leqembu elincane libe nesibopho sezinkokhelo zabanye. Ukuhlola nokuphoqelela kudlulela eqenjini, elivame ukwazi izimo zelungu ngalinye kangcono kunanoma yisiphi isikhulu semalimboleko.

Abaqinisekisi abazimele abavela kunethiwekhi yomboleki — isihlobo esiqashiwe, umhwebi onestela emakethe efanayo, ilungu lebandla noma lenhlangano — banikeza isethembiso somuntu siqu esisekelwa isithunzi emphakathini kunokuba kube impahla ebekwe njengesibambiso.

Zombili izinhlaka zihweba ukuphoqeleleka ngokomthetho ngokuphoqeleleka ngokwenhlalo. Ukubuyiselwa kwesikweletu kuncike kancane enqubweni yasenkantolo kunasesifisweni somqinisekisi sokulondoloza isithunzi emphakathini, okuyisona sizathu esenza lezi ziqiniseko zibe buthakathaka kakhulu lapho iqembu lonke noma imakethe yehlelwa ukushaqeka okufanayo.

Ukuphathwa kwezimali kanye nokuphathwa ngokucophelela

Isiqiniseko siyisibopho esingaba khona kumqinisekisi: siyadalulwa, kodwa asibhalwa ebhalansini kuze kube yilapho ukubizwa kwesibopho sekungenzeka.

Kumbolekisi, isiqiniseko siyindlela yokwehlisa ubungozi besikweletu, kodwa abagadli bavamise ukusebenzisa izivivinyo eziqinile zokufaneleka eziqinisekisweni kunakwisibambiso esibonakalayo. Eziningi iziqondiso zokuqapha ziyaqaphela isiqiniseko ngenhloso yokubekela imali eceleni noma ukuncishiswa kwemali eyisisekelo kuphela lapho singenambandela, singenakuhoxiswa, futhi ngokomthetho siyaphoqeleleka endaweni yomthetho efanele, futhi sinikezwe umuntu onokuma kwesikweletu okungcono ngokubonakalayo kunomboleki. Iziqiniseko zomuntu siqu ezivela kubantu abaxhumene nomboleki ngokuvamile azinikwa nani lokulawula nhlobo, nakuba zilusizo ngokwezohwebo.

Ubuthakathaka obujwayelekile ezinhlelweni zeziqiniseko

• Abaqinisekisi abangakaze baqinisekiswe ngokuzimela, imali engenayo kucatshangwa ngokulandisa komboleki ngayo.
• Umuntu oyedwa oqinisekisa ababoleki abaningi abangahlobene, ngaphandle kombono ohlanganisiwe wokuchayeka kwabo okungaba khona.
• Amasignesha atholakala lapho umboleki ekhona, ngaphandle kwencazelo ehlukile yesibopho
• Ukuhlelwa kabusha kwemalimboleko kwenziwa ngaphandle kokuvuselela imvume yomqinisekisi, kuqedwa isiqiniseko ngokuthula
• Iziqiniseko zibhalwa njengeziphelelwe yisikhathi lapho isibonelelo esiyisisekelo sivuselelwa, nakuba isiqiniseko esiqhubekayo sisasebenza
• Imininingwane yokuxhumana zingakaze zivuselelwe, ngakho umqinisekisi akatholakali ngesikhathi kufunwa isikweletu
• Ukuncika esiqinisekweni lapho izindleko zokusisebenzisa zidlula ibhalansi yemalimboleko

Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa

Ingabe ukuba umqinisekisi kuyasithinta isimo sekhredithi somqinisekisi uqobo? Ngokuvamile yebo. Isiqiniseko yisibopho esinombandela esibandakanywa izikhungo zekhredithi nababolekisi ekuhloleni ukukhokheka, ngakho kungayinciphisa inani umqinisekisi angakwazi ukuliboleka.

Ingabe umqinisekisi angahoxa esiqinisekweni? Akuvamisile uma izimali sezikhishiwe. Isiqiniseko esiqhubekayo ngokuvamile singahoxiswa mayelana nezikweletu ezizayo ngesaziso esibhaliwe, kodwa isibopho sezimali esezikhishiwe siyaqhubeka.

Ingabe isiqiniseko esenziwa ngomlomo siyasebenza ngokomthetho? Ezindaweni eziningi zomthetho, cha. Iziqiniseko ngokuvamile kudingeka zibhalwe phansi futhi zisayinwe ngumqinisekisi ukuze zisebenze ngokomthetho.

Kwenzekani uma umboleki eshona? Isikweletu ngokuvamile siyaqhubeka sikhona ngokumelene nefa, futhi isiqiniseko ngokuvamile sisasebenza ngokomthetho, nakuba umphumela oqondile uncike emazwini esiqiniseko kanye nomthetho osebenzayo wokulandelana kwefa.