Ukuhlela kabusha / ukuhlehlisa isikhathi

Imalimboleko ukuhlelwa kabusha ukuguqulwa kwemigomo yemalimboleko ekhona ngenxa yokuthi umboleki akasakwazi ukuhlangabezana nohlelo lokuqala. Ukuhlelwa kabusha kwesheduli inguqulo emincane: ukushintsha isikhathi se zinkokhelo — ukwelula isikhathi, ukuhlehlisa izitolimende — ngaphandle kokushintsha inani eliyisisekelo noma intengo.

Isici esichazayo ukuthi ukuhlelwa kabusha kuqhutshwa ubunzima bezezimali. Kunikezwa imvume umbolekisi abengeke ayinikeze ngenye indlela, ngoba okunye kuwukwehluleka ukukhokha. Yilokhu okwehlukanisa no kwengeza imali noma ukuboleka kabusha, okuqhutshwa ukukhula futhi okunikezwa ababolekayo abasebenza kahle.

Amagama ahlobene ahlanganisa ukubekezela, ukulungiswa kwesikweletu, ukumiswa kwezinkokhelo, ukumiswa kwezibopho kanye imvume. Lapho umbolekisi enikeza usizo ikakhulukazi ngenxa yobunzima bezezimali, izinhlaka eziningi zokubalwa kwezimali nokuqapha zithatha ukuchayeka njengo okubekezelelwe, nemiphumela echazwe ngezansi.

Izinhlobo zokuhlelwa kabusha

• Ukwelulwa kwesikhathi: Isikhathi siyelulwa. Kunciphisa isitolimende somboleki kodwa kuholela enzalweni ephelele eyengeziwe nokuchayeka okude kumbolekisi.
• Iholidi lokukhokha / ukumiswa kwezinkokhelo: Izinkokhelo zimiswa isikhathi esithile. Kunikeza usizo olusheshayo kumboleki; kuhlehlisa ukugeleza kwemali futhi kukhulisa ibhalansi yemalimboleko kumbolekisi.
• Iholidi lenani eliyinhloko kuphela: Inzalo iyakhokhwa kuyilapho inani eliyinhloko lihlehlisiwe. Kunciphisa ukuphuma kwemali komboleki kuyilapho kugcinwa imali engenayo yenzalo kumbolekisi.
• Ukwengezwa kwenzalo enanini eliyinhloko: Izikweletu ezingakhokhiwe ziyengezwa ebhalansini eyinhloko. Izikweletu ezingakhokhiwe ziyasuswa ephepheni kumboleki, okudala ukuchayeka okukhulu ngaphandle kwemali etholiwe kumbolekisi.
• Ukwehliswa kwezinga lenzalo: Izinga lenzalo eliphansi. Kunciphisa izindleko zomboleki; kuholela ekwehleni kwesivuno kanye nokulahleka kokuguqulwa okungenzeka kumbolekisi.
• Isheduli yokukhuphuka ngezigaba: Izitolimende ezincane zokuqala ezikhuphuka kamuva. Kuhambisana nokululama komboleki okulindelekile kuyilapho kuhlehlisela ubungozi besikweletu kumbolekisi.
• Ukukhanselwa okuyingxenye: Ingxenye yesikweletu iyaxolelwa. Isikweletu sehliselwa ezingeni elingakhokheka kumboleki, okudala ukulahlekelwa okuqondile okwenzekile ngokushesha kumbolekisi.
• Ukuguqulwa: Isibonelelo esifunwa noma nini siguqulwa saba imalimboleko ekhokhwa ngezitolimende ezinciphisa isikweletu. Lokhu kunikeza umboleki indlela ecacile yokubuyisela futhi kuguqula ibhalansi engakhokhiwe ibe inkokhelo ehleliwe kumbolekisi.
• Isibambiso esengeziwe noma umqinisekisi: Kufakwa isibambiso esisha noma indlela yokufuna ukukhokha. Umboleki ugcina ukufinyelela ngenkathi kuthuthukisa isimo sokubuyiselwa kwembolekisi.

Izibalo zokwelulwa kwesikhathi sokukhokha

Ukwelulwa kwesikhathi sokukhokha kuwukuhlela kabusha okuvame kakhulu, futhi ukushintshana kwako kunembile.

Isimo. Umboleki ukweleta $10,000 ngo-18% ngonyaka ngebhalansi enciphayo, kusasele izinyanga ezingama-24.

Monthly rate = 0.18 ÷ 12 = 1.5%

At 24 months:  instalment = $499.22
               total paid = $11,981
               total interest = $1,981

At 48 months:  instalment = $293.75
               total paid = $14,100
               total interest = $4,100

Isitolimende sehla ngo-41%, okungase kube yikho kanye okwenza imalimboleko ikwazi ukukhokhwa. Inzalo isiyonke iphindeka ngaphezu kokuphindwe kabili.

Lokho ukushintshana okuqotho: ukuhlela kabusha kuthenga ukwazi ukukhokha ngezindleko nesikhathi. Kufanele kwenziwe uma enye indlela kuwukungakhokhi, futhi akulona usizo lwamahhala.

Uma ukuhlela kabusha kufaneleka — nalapho kungafaneleki

Isinqumo sincike embuzweni owodwa: ingabe ubunzima bomboleki bungobesikhashana futhi bungaxazululeka, noma bungobesakhiwo?

Hlela kabusha uma:

• Imbangela iyabonakala futhi inesikhathi esinqunyiwe — ukugula, inkokhelo yenkontileka ebambezelekile, ukushaqeka kwesizini, ikhasimende elilahlekile eselithathelwe indawo
• Izibikezelo ezibuyekeziwe zokugeleza kwemali zikhombisa ukuthi isitolimende esibuyekeziwe singakhokheka ngempela.
• Umboleki uyazibandakanya, usobala futhi unikeze ulwazi lwezezimali lwamanje
• Ukubuyiselwa okulinganisiwe ngaphansi kokuhlela kabusha kudlula ukubuyiselwa okulindelekile ekuphoqeleleni, kukhishwe izindleko zomthetho nokubambezeleka

Ungakwenzi ukuhlela kabusha uma:

• Ibhizinisi lilahlisa imali futhi alinayo indlela ekholekayo yokwenza inzuzo.
• Umboleki akanawo amandla okukhokha kunoma yiliphi izinga lesitolimende.
• Ukuhlela kabusha kukhona ikakhulukazi ukuze kugcinwe imalimboleko ingekho esimweni sokubambezeleka kokukhokha embikweni wombolekisi uqobo
• Kungukuguqulwa kwesithathu noma kwesine esikweletini esifanayo.

Indlela yokwehluleka inegama: ukwelula nokwenza sengathi. Ukuguqulwa okuphindaphindiwe kwemalimboleko engenakubuyiseka kubambezela ukuqashelwa kwelahleko esivele yenzekile, futhi kuyayikhulisa — ngoba inzalo iyanqwabelana, isibambiso siyehla ngenani futhi izindlela zokuphoqelela ziyancipha ngenkathi isikhathi sihamba.

Ukuhlola ngaphambi kokuhlela kabusha

• Ukuhlaziywa kwembangela eyinhloko, kubhalwe phansi. Ukuhlela kabusha okunikeziwe ngaphandle kokuthola ukuthi kungani imalimboleko yehlulekile kuwukuqagela.
• Ulwazi lwezimali olubuyekeziwe — ukugeleza kwemali kwamanje, hhayi izibikezelo ezafakwa ekuqaleni
• Okubuyekeziwe ukuhlolwa kokukhokheleka enkokhelweni entsha, kufaka phakathi zonke ezinye izibopho
• Ukubuyekezwa kwesibambiso — ingabe isibambiso sisanele, sisapheleliswe ngokomthetho, futhi sisabiza lokho okushiwo ifayela?
• Ukuhlolwa kokuzimisela — ukuzibandakanya nokudalula kwehlukanisa obolekayo osenkingeni kulowo ogwema ukukhokha
• Ukuqhathanisa nokuphoqelela — ukubuyiselwa okulindelekile ngaphansi kwendlela ngayinye, kwehliswa ngenxa yesikhathi

Ukuphathwa kwezimali nokuqapha

Yilapho ukuhlela kabusha kwehluka khona kakhulu ekubolekiseni okuvamile, nalapho umkhuba obuthakathaka ulimaza khona ngempela.

Imalimboleko ehlelwe kabusha ayiphenduki ibe esebenza kahle ngoba imigomo ishintshile. Ukuhlukaniswa ngokuvamile kulandela amandla abonakalisiwe ombolekayo, hhayi amaphepha. Izinhlaka eziningi zidinga:

• Ukuhlonza okuhlukile. Izikweletu ezibekezelelwe noma ezihlelwe kabusha ziyamakwa futhi zibikwe ngokuhlukile kwezinye ezincwadini.
• Inkathi yokuhlolwa noma yokulungisa. Isikweletu sihlala sihlukaniswa njengokuhlelwe kabusha kuze kube umbolekayo wenza inani elincane lezinkokhelo ezilandelanayo ngaphansi kwemigomo emisha — ngokuvamile izinyanga ezimbalwa, isikhathi esiqondile sibekwa umlawuli noma uhlaka lwezimali.
• Ukubekelwa izibonelelo kugcinwa. Izibonelelo zokwehla kwenani ngokuvamile azikhishwa ngenxa nje yokuthi uhlelo lubhalwe kabusha. Ukukhululeka okunikezwa ngenxa yobunzima bezezimali kuwubufakazi bengozi ephakeme yesikweletu, hhayi ubufakazi bokuxazululeka kwayo.

Ngaphansi IFRS 9, kuvela imibuzo emibili ngokuguqulwa:

1. Ingabe ukuguqulwa kubalulekile? Uma kunjalo, impahla yokuqala iyakhishwa ekubhalweni bese kubhalwa entsha. Uma kungenjalo, inani elithwalwayo libalwa kabusha nge-zinga lenzalo elisebenzayo lokuqala bese inzuzo noma ukulahlekelwa okuvela ekuguqulweni kuthathwa ngokushesha kuyiswe enzuzweni noma ekulahlekelweni.
2. Ukuchayeka kukusiphi isigaba? Ukunikeza isibonelelo ngenxa yobunzima bezezimali ngokuvamile kuwubufakazi bokwanda okuphawulekayo kwengozi yesikweletu, okuhambisa ukuchayeka kuSigaba 2 (izilahleko zesikweletu ezilindelekile zempilo yonke) okungenani, nakwiSigaba 3 lapho isikweletu sonakele khona.

Izikhathi ezithile zokulungisa, imithetho yokuhlukanisa kanye nezidingo zokudalula zibekwa kuzwelonke nangohlaka olusebenzayo, futhi ziyehluka phakathi kwezindawo zomthetho.

Ingozi yokuvuselelwa okuqhubekayo

Ukuhlela kabusha kuyindlela evame kakhulu yokufihla ukuwohloka kwesikweletu, ngoba kuyasebenza: imalimboleko eguquliwe ibuyela esimweni samanje, izikweletu ezingakhokhiwe ziyanyamalala, futhi iphothifoliyo esengozini iyathuthuka ngaphandle kokuthola noma iyiphi imali.

Izinkomba abagadli nabacwaningi bamabhuku abazibhekayo:

• Izimalimboleko ezihlelwe kabusha izikhathi ezingaphezu kwesisodwa, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi esifushane
• Ukuhlela kabusha okugxile eduze kwezinsuku zokubika
• Ukwengezwa kwenzalo enkulu kusetshenziswa ngokuphindaphindiwe, ngakho ukuchayeka kuyakhula ngenkathi ukuqoqwa kuhlala kungashintshile
• Ukuchayeka okuhlelwe kabusha kukhuphulelwa esimweni sokusebenza ngaphandle kwenkathi yokuhlolwa eqediwe
• Amazinga aphezulu okwehluleka ukukhokha okuphindelelayo ebhukwini elihlelwe kabusha — ubufakazi obucacile bokuthi ukuguqulwa kwanikezwa ababoleki abangenakusebenza.

Amazinga okwehluleka ukukhokha okuphindelelayo ezimalimbolekweni ezihlelwe kabusha ngokuvamile angaphezulu kakhulu kwayo yonke iphothifoliyo. Ukuwalandelela nge-i-vintage kuyindlela eyodwa ewusizo kakhulu yokuhlola ukuthi inqubomgomo yokuhlela kabusha iyasebenza noma ifihla izilahleko.

Izilawuli okufanele zibe khona

• Ukuvunywa okuzimele. I sikhulu esadala imalimboleko akufanele sigunyaze ukuhlelwa kwayo kabusha.
• Imbangela eyisisekelo ebhaliwe kanye nokuhlolwa kokwenzeka kuyo yonke ifayela, kanye ne-zitatimende zezimali ezibuyekeziwe enamathiselwe.
• Umkhawulo enanini lokuhlelwa kabusha ngokuchayeka ngakunye, nanoma yini engaphezu kwalokho ikhuphukiselwa esinqumweni sokuxazulula noma sokubuyisa.
• Ukubika okuhlukile kwebhuku elihlelwe kabusha — ibhalansi, isibalo, i-vintage kanye nezinga lokwehluleka ukukhokha okuphindelelayo.
• Akukho kukhuphuka okuzenzakalelayo. Ukuhlukaniswa kabusha kuphela ngemva kwenkathi yokuhlolwa echaziwe yezinkokhelo ezilandelanayo.
• Ukukhishwa ezikhuthazweni zokusebenza, ngakho ukuhlela kabusha akukwazi ukusetshenziswa ukuvikela izinkomba zokubambezeleka kwesikhulu noma kwegatsha.

Ukuhlelwa kabusha uma kuqhathaniswa nezenzo ezihlobene

• Ukuhlelwa kabusha / ukuhlela kabusha izikhathi zokukhokha: Kubangelwa ubunzima bezezimali bomboleki. Imigomo iyalungiswa futhi ukuchayeka kumakwa njengokubekezelelwe.
• Ukuboleka kabusha: Kubangelwa lapho kukhona imigomo engcono etholakalayo. Imali mboleko iyashintshwa futhi umboleki uhlala ekhokha kahle.
• Top-up: Kubangelwa lapho umboleki edinga isikweletu esengeziwe. Ibhalansi yemali mboleko iyakhula, isikhathi siyasethwa kabusha, futhi umboleki uhlala ekhokha kahle.
• Ukuvumelana ngesikweletu: Kubangelwa ukuvala okuxoxiswene. Inani elincishisiwe elikhokhwa kanye liyamukelwa bese ibhalansi esele iyacishwa.
• Ukucishwa kwesikweletu: Kubangelwa lapho kungekho themba elingokoqobo lokubuyiselwa kwemali. Ukuchayeka kuyasuswa ebhukwini elisebenzayo lombolekisi, nakuba amabango omthetho engaqhubeka ekhona.

Ukuboleka kabusha kanye nama-top-up kubandakanya ababoleki abakhokha kahle. Ukuhlelwa kabusha, ukuvumelana ngesikweletu kanye nokucishwa kwesikweletu kubandakanya labo abasebunzimeni bezezimali. Ukuphatha ukuguqulwa okubangelwa ubunzima bezezimali njenge-top-up — okwenzekayo, ngamabomu noma ngenye indlela — kusho kabi kokubili isimo somboleki kanye nekhwalithi yephothifoliyo.

Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa

Ingabe ukuhlelwa kabusha kwemali mboleko kuthinta umbiko wesikweletu? Ngokuvamile yebo. Ukuchayeka okuhlelwe kabusha noma okubekezelelwe kuvame ukumakwa ezikhungweni zezikweletu, futhi ukumakwa kungathinta ukufinyelela esikweletini esengeziwe ngisho noma izinkokhelo zisakhokhwa.

Kufanele umboleki acele nini ukuhlelwa kabusha? Ngaphambi kokuphuthelwa izinkokhelo, hhayi ngemuva. Ukukhuluma nombolekisi kusenesikhathi ngolwazi lwamanje lwezezimali kanye nencazelo ecacile kuveza izinketho ezingcono kunokuthi ulinde izikweletu ezibambezelekile ukuze zinqwabelane.