Ukubolekisa ngeqembu / ukubolekisa ngokubambisana

Ukubolekisa ngeqembu kuyindlela yezikweletu lapho izimali ezibolekwayo zinikezwa ababolekayo abahlelwe ngamaqembu amancane ontanga kunokuba bahlolwe njengabantu ngabanye. Iqembu libamba iqhaza ekukhetheni amalungu alo, lihlangana njalo, futhi lithwala izinga elithile lomthwalo wokubambisana mayelana nokubuyisela imali — kufaka esikhundleni isibambiso, imibhalo esemthethweni kanye nomlando wezikweletu ngokusebenzisa isakhiwo senhlalo nokuziphendulela kontanga.

Ukubolekisa ngobumbano kuyindlela evame kakhulu yokubolekisa ngeqembu, lapho iqembu elincane lababolekayo (ngokuvamile amalungu amathathu kuya kwayisikhombisa) liqinisekisana ngezikweletu zalo. Amagama avame ukusetshenziswa ngokushintshana, noma ukubolekisa ngeqembu kuyisigaba esibanzi futhi ukubolekisa ngobumbano kusho ngokuqondile isiqinisekiso esihlanganyelwe.

Le ndlela ikhona ukuze ixazulule inkinga ethize: ukubolekisa okuvamile akukwazi ukuhlola noma ukuvikela ngenzuzo imali ebolekiwe encane kakhulu kumuntu obolekayo ongenasibambiso, ongenazitatimende zezimali futhi ongenalo ifayela lezikweletu. Ukubolekisa ngeqembu kususa ingxenye yalowo msebenzi — ukuhlola, ukuqapha kanye nokuphoqelela — kubantu abakwazi ukuwenza ngendlela eshibhe kakhulu futhi enembe kakhulu kunokuba isikhulu sezikweletu: omakhelwane walowo obolekayo.

Indlela Ukubolekisa Ngeqembu Okusebenza Ngayo

1. Ukwakheka kweqembu

Abazoba ababolekayo bayazikhethela ukuze bakhe iqembu. Ukuzikhethela akusilo nje usizo lokuphatha — kuyindlela eyinhloko yokuhlola. Amalungu ngokuvamile kufanele abe avela emphakathini owodwa, abe sezingeni lezomnotho elicishe lifane, futhi abe avela ezindlini ezahlukene, ukuze ukushaqeka okukodwa kungathinti iqembu lonke.

2. Ukuqeqeshwa nokwaziswa

Ombolekisayo uletha uqeqesho olufushane oluphoqelekile mayelana nemibandela yomkhiqizo, izibopho zokubuyisela imali, izidingo zokonga kanye nemithetho yeqembu ngaphambi kokuba noma iyiphi imali ebolekiwe ikhishwe. Ukuba khona ngokuvamile kuyisimo esidingekayo sokufaneleka.

3. Ukuqinisekisana

Amalungu aqinisekisa izikweletu zomunye nomunye. Ngaphansi kwesibopho esihlanganyelwe esiqinile, ukwehluleka ukukhokha kwelungu elilodwa kuyisibopho seqembu lonke; ngaphansi kwezinhlelo ezithambile, ukubambezeleka kuvimba iqembu ukuba lifinyelele esikweletini esengeziwe ngaphandle kokwenza isibopho senkontileka sokukhokhela isikweletu selinye ilungu.

4. Ukukhishwa ngezigaba noma ngasikhathi sinye

Ezinye izindlela zikhipha izimali ezibolekiwe kuwo wonke amalungu ngasikhathi sinye. Ezinye zikhipha ngezigaba — iqeqebana lokuqala lithola izimali ezibolekiwe, bese abasele bafaneleka kuphela uma izinkokhelo zihamba kahle — okunikeza wonke amalungu isibopho esisheshayo ekuziphatheni kwabanye.

5. Imihlangano yeqembu evamile

Izinkokhelo, amadiphozithi okonga kanye nezicelo ezintsha zisingathwa emhlanganweni weqembu noma wesikhungo ohleliwe, ngokuvamile masonto onke, emavikini amabili noma nyanga zonke. Ukukhokha esidlangalaleni kuyisisekelo somqondo wokuphoqelela.

6. Imijikelezo ekhulayo

Ukukhokha okuphumelelayo kuvula imali-mboleko enkulu emjikelezweni olandelayo weqembu namalungu alo, okudala isikhuthazo esiqhubekayo sokulondoloza irekhodi leqembu.

Izinhlobo Eziyinhloko Zokubolekisa Ngeqembu

• Iqembu lobumbano - Ubukhulu beqembu: amalungu angu-3–7, avame ukuhlanganiswa abe yisikhungo

  • Umthombo wezimali: Umbolekisi
  • Izici ezibalulekile: Isiqinisekiso esihlanganyelwe, imihlangano evamile, ubukhulu bemalimboleko obukhulayo

• Ukubhanga kwasesigodini / ibhange lomphakathi - Ubukhulu beqembu: amalungu angu-15–30+

  • Umthombo wezimali: Umbolekisi, kanye nokonga kwangaphakathi kwamalungu
  • Izici ezibalulekile: Iqembu lilawula i-akhawunti yangaphakathi futhi libolekisa ngokonga kwamalungu kanye nemali-mboleko yangaphandle

• Iqembu lokuzisiza (SHG) - Ubukhulu beqembu: amalungu angu-10–20

  • Umthombo wezimali: Ukonga kwamalungu kuqala, bese kuba imali-mboleko yasebhange eqenjini
  • Izici ezibalulekile: Iqembu liyonga futhi libolekisa ngaphakathi ngaphambi kokuxhuma nebhange; imali-mboleko inikezwa iqembu, hhayi abantu ngabanye.

• Iqembu lesibopho esihlanganyelwe (JLG) - Ubukhulu beqembu: amalungu angu-4–10

  • Umthombo wezimali: Umbolekisi
  • Izici ezibalulekile: Isiqinisekiso esihlanganyelwe esisemthethweni, ama-akhawunti emalimboleko ngamunye, okuvamile ekubolekisweni kwezolimo.

• Amaqembu okonga (VSLA / ASCA / chama / merry-go-round) - Ubukhulu beqembu: amalungu angu-15–30

  • Umthombo wezimali: Ukonga kwamalungu kuphela
  • Izici ezibalulekile: Akukho mbolekisi wangaphandle; iqembu liboleka kuphela izimali zalo ezihlanganisiwe. Ngokuvamile kuyindawo yokungena esikweletini esisemthethweni

Amaqembu okonga avame ukufakwa ohlwini kanye namanye, kodwa umehluko ubalulekile: axhaswa ngamalungu futhi aziphatha ngokwawo, ngakho-ke ayindlela eqhutshwa ukonga hhayi umkhiqizo wokubolekisa. Ababolekisi abaningi bawasebenzisa njengomzila wokuthola amakhasimende futhi bathatha irekhodi yangaphakathi yeqembu elivuthiwe njengohlobo lomlando wokubuyisela.

Kungani Ukubolekisa Ngeqembu Kusebenza: Umqondo Wezomnotho

Ukubolekisa ngeqembu kubhekana nezinkinga ezine ezihlukile ezenza izimalimboleko ezincane ezingenasibambiso zingabi nanzuzo.

Ukukhetha okungalungile — umbolekisi akakwazi ukwehlukanisa ababoleki abahle kwababi. Ukuzikhethela kuyakuxazulula, ngoba ilungu elamukela isibopho semalimboleko kamakhelwane linesizathu esiqinile sokukhipha noma ubani elikholelwa ukuthi ngeke akhokhe. Ababoleki abayingozi bagcina behlangene ndawonye noma bekhishiwe ngokuphelele.

Ubungozi bokuziphatha — umbolekisi akakwazi ukubona ukuthi izimali zisetshenziswa ngendlela ekhiqizayo yini. Amalungu eqembu ayakwazi, ngaphandle kokubiza lutho kumbolekisi, ngoba ahlala futhi ahweba eduze komboleki.

Ukuphoqelela — umbolekisi akanasibambiso futhi unamandla alinganiselwe ezomthetho. Ukujeziswa komphakathi kuthatha indawo yako: ukukhokha kwenzeka obala, futhi ukwehluleka ukukhokha kuletha izindleko zedumela emphakathini umboleki angeke awushiye kalula.

Izindleko zokuthengiselana — ukuhlola, ukukhokha nokuqoqa imalimboleko encane kakhulu ngayinye kubiza ngaphezu kwalokho okutholwa yimalimboleko. isisebenzi sasensimini esisodwa esisebenzela iqembu labantu abangamashumi amathathu emhlanganweni owodwa senza izibalo zezomnotho zeyunithi zisebenze.

Ngaphandle kwalokhu, iqembu lihlinzeka ukwesekana kwangempela — amalungu akhokhela omunye umuntu isitolimende angeke akwazi ukusikhokha ngenxa yengane egulayo, abelana ngolwazi lwemakethe, futhi anikeza izeluleko zebhizinisi ezingahlelekile. Lokhu kuyinani langempela, hhayi nje umphumela wesibili wokuphoqelela.

Izinzuzo Zokubolekisa Ngeqembu

• Kusiza ababoleki abangenazo izibambiso noma ifayela lesikweletu, okuyinkoliso yamabhizinisi amancane emazweni amaningi asathuthuka.
• Izindleko eziphansi zokuletha ngomboleki ngamunye, okwenza izimalimboleko ezincane kakhulu zikwazi ukusebenza.
• Ulwazi olungcono kunalolo umbolekisi angaluthenga, oluthathwa kubantu abanolwazi lwendawo lwempilo yonke.
• Ukusebenza okuqinile kokubuyisela, ngokomlando okuphakeme kakhulu kunokubolekwa komuntu ngamunye okungenasibambiso okuqhathanisekayo.
• Ukwakha ingcebo yezezimali neyomphakathi, okuhlanganisa ukuzithiba ekongeni futhi, ezimeni eziningi, ukubamba iqhaza okwandisiwe kwabesifazane.
• Indlela engokwemvelo yokungena kwezezimali ezisemthethweni, lapho irekhodi leqembu lisebenza njengomlando wesikweletu lapho kungekho ifayela lebhuro elikhona.

Imikhawulo Nokugxekwa

Ingozi yokuthelelana. Ukubophezeleka okuhlanganyelwe kuhlanganisa ubungozi kunokuba kwehlukanise ubungozi lapho amalungu ehlanganyela indawo nendlela yokuziphilisa. Isomiso, ukuvalwa kwemakethe noma ukwenyuka kwentengo yendawo kushaya wonke umuntu ngasikhathi sinye, futhi isiqinisekiso asinasizo ngesikhathi leso kanye lapho sidingeka khona.

Ukujezisa abakhokha kahle. Ngaphansi kokubophezeleka okuhlanganyelwe okuqinile, amalungu athembekile athwala izindleko zelungu elingakhokhi. Lena yimbangela ehamba phambili yokuhlakazeka kweqembu nokushiya phakathi kwamaklayenti angcono kakhulu esikhungo.

Ingcindezi yomphakathi ephoqayo. Indlela efanayo ekhiqiza ukukhokha okuphezulu ingakhiqiza ukuhlazeka obala, ukuthathwa kwempahla yasekhaya yomuntu ongakhokhi ngamanye amalungu, noma ukuboleka kubabolekisi bemali ukuze kuvikelwe umlando weqembu. Amazinga aphezulu okukhokha awasho ngokuzenzakalelayo ukuthi ababolekayo basengcono.

Ukungabandakanywa kwabampofu kakhulu. Amaqembu ayabakhipha labo ababonakala bengathembekile — ngokuvamile abasengozini kakhulu, abadinga kakhulu ukufinyelela. Ukuzikhethela kuthuthukisa izinga lephothifoliyo ngokukhipha abantu abasemaphethelweni.

Izindleko zesikhathi. Imihlangano ephoqelekile idla amahora ababolekayo ebengase akhiqize. Kumhwebi, umhlangano wamasonto onke uyizindleko zangempela eziphindaphindekayo ezingalokothi zivele ezingeni lenzalo elishiwo.

Umkhawulo wosayizi wemalimboleko. Imikhiqizo yeqembu ayikwazi ukukhula ifinyelele emananini ibhizinisi elikhulayo eliwadingayo ekugcineni, ngakho ababolekayo abaphumelelayo kufanele badlulele noma bashiye.

Ukubanjwa yizicukuthwane. Emaqenjini amakhulu, izikhundla zobuholi zingasetshenziswa ukuqondisa isikweletu kuxhumano lomholi noma ukuthatha ukwabiwa kwemalimboleko okungalingani.

Ukubolekisa Ngeqembu Uma Kuqhathaniswa Nokubolekisa Komuntu Ngamunye

• Isibambiso: Isiqinisekiso sontanga nengcindezi yomphakathi (Ukubolekisa ngeqembu) uma kuqhathaniswa Isibambiso, umqinisekisi, noma ukuhlolwa kokugeleza kwemali (Ukubolekisa komuntu ngamunye)
• Ukuhlola: Kakhulu kudluliselwe eqenjini uma kuqhathaniswa Ukuhlolwa okuholwa ngumbolekisi
• Usayizi wemalimboleko: Okuncane, okunomkhawulo uma kuqhathaniswa Okukhulu, okusekelwe emandleni
• Isikhathi semalimboleko: Esifushane uma kuqhathaniswa Esiphakathi kuya eside
• Imvamisa yokukhokha: Viki ngalinye noma emavikini amabili uma kuqhathaniswa njalo ngenyanga
• Izindleko zokusebenzela imalimboleko ngayinye: Ziphansi uma kuqhathaniswa Ziphakeme
• Izindleko kumbolekayo: Isikhathi semihlangano, ukuchayeka okuhlanganyelwe uma kuqhathaniswa Imibhalo, ukubhaliswa kwesibambiso
• Umbolekayo ojwayelekile: Ibhizinisi elincane kakhulu, elingenalo ifayela lesikweletu uma kuqhathaniswa Ibhizinisi elincane, elinokuhleleka okuthile ngokusemthethweni
• Kufaneleka kakhulu: Ukwakha umlando kusukela ekuqaleni kuqhathaniswa nababoleki asebenawo umlando.

Izikhungo eziningi zisebenzisa zombili, zisebenzisa umkhiqizo weqembu njengendlela yokungena futhi zidlulisela ababoleki abenza kahle ngokungaguquki emikhiqizweni yomuntu ngamunye — indlela evamile yokuthuthukela.

Ukusuka Esibophweni Esiqinile Esihlanganyelwe

Umkhakha ususuke ngokuqhubekayo waya ekubophezelweni komuntu ngamunye ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo seqembu esigciniwe, ngenxa yezizathu ezisekelwe ebufakazini nezisebenzayo.

Ukuhlolwa kwasensimini okuhlola lokhu ngqo — ikakhulukazi umsebenzi oguqula amaqembu akhona abophezela ngokuhlanganyela abe ukubophezela komuntu ngamunye kuyilapho kugcinwa wona la maqembu, imihlangano kanye nezikhulu zemalimboleko — akutholanga ukwanda kokungakhokhi, kanye nokuba lula kokuheha amaklayenti. Incazelo eseyamukelwe kabanzi ukuthi amandla amaningi ale ndlela avela ekubunjweni kwamaqembu, emihlanganweni evamile, ekukhokhelweni esidlangalaleni kanye nokukhuphuka kancane kwemalimboleko, kunokuba kusuke esigatshaneni sesiqinisekiso ngokwaso.

IGrameen Bank yafinyelela esiphethweni esifanayo ngokuzimela, yasilahla ngokusemthethweni isibopho sokuhlanganyela ngaphansi kohlelo lwayo lwe-Generalised System kuyilapho igcina isakhiwo seqembu nesikhungo.

Ngakho-ke imiklamo yanamuhla ivamise ukuhlanganisa: isibopho somuntu ngamunye kanye nama-akhawunti emalimboleko aqondene ngamunye; imihlangano yeqembu egcinwayo yokuqoqa, yokuqapha nokwesekwa ontanga; imfuneko yokuthi iqembu libe sesimweni esihle elawula ukufinyelela emjikelezweni olandelayo kunokuba idale isibopho sesikweletu; kanye nokukhokha ngedijithali okususa isidingo sokuphatha ukheshi emihlanganweni.

Izinto Okufanele Zicatshangelwe Ngababolekisi Ekuklanyeni

• Qondanisa ukwakheka kweqembu nobungozi obuhlobene. Amaqembu akhiwe ngokuphelele ngabantu besilimo esisodwa, imakethe eyodwa noma umkhakha owodwa womsebenzi anobungozi obufihlekile bokugxila kakhulu endaweni eyodwa.
• Yisho ngokucacile ukuthi isiqinisekiso siyini ngempela. Isibopho esihlanganyelwe esisemthethweni kanye nomthetho othi "iqembu alikwazi ukuqhubeka kuze kube wonke umuntu usesimweni esihle" kunemiphumela ehluke kakhulu yezomthetho neyokuziphatha, futhi ngokuvamile kudidaniswa emibhalweni yomkhiqizo.
• Linganisa imvamisa yemihlangano ngezindleko ezibangelayo. Imihlangano yamasonto onke iveza izinkinga kusenesikhathi kodwa idla isikhathi somboleki; ukukhetha phakathi kwalezi zinto kufanele kube yisinqumo esenziwa ngamabomu, hhayi into eyathathwa njengefa ngaphandle kokucabanga.
• Hlinzeka ngendlela yokubhekana nobunzima. Ukuhlela kabusha inkokhelo yelungu elinenkinga cishe ngaso sonke isikhathi kungcono kunokudala ukwehluleka kweqembu lonke okwenza isikhungo silahlekelwe yilungu ngalinye.
• Hlola i-credit bureau ezingeni leqembu nasezingeni lelungu. Ukuboleka kaningi ezikhungweni ezahlukahlukene zababolekisi akubonakali ngaphakathi eqenjini.
• Hlela indlela yokuthuthukela ngaphambi kokuba amaqembu afinyelele umkhawulo ongaphezulu. Ngaphandle kwalokho ababoleki abahamba phambili, umlando wabo owakhiwa yisikhungo ngeminyaka eminingi, bayahamba baye komunye umbangi.