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Ireyithi yepesenti yonyaka

Inkcazo

I-APR ziindleko ezipheleleyo zetyala — inzala kunye neentlawulo ezinyanzelekileyo — ezichazwa njengepesenti yonyaka yesixa esifunyenwe ngokwenene, ukuze kuthelekiswe unikezelo lwemali-mboleko.

Ireyithi yepesenti yonyaka (APR) ibonisa iindleko ezipheleleyo zemboleko — inzala kunye neentlawulo ezinyanzelekileyo — njengepesenti eqingqiweyo yonyaka yemali emboleki ayifumanayo ngokwenene. Ikhona ngenjongo enye: ukwenza iimali-mboleko ezinereyithi ezahlukeneyo, iintlawulo ezahlukeneyo, amaxesha okubolekwa ahlukeneyo kunye namaxesha okuhlawula ahlukeneyo zithelekiseke ngokuthe ngqo.

Ireyithi yenzala ecatshulweyo ichaza kuphela ixabiso lemali. Iimali-mboleko ezimbini ezinereyithi ebhaliweyo efanayo zinokubiza izixa ezahluke kakhulu xa iintlawulo zokuqalisa, iintlawulo zenkonzo kunye ne-inshorensi enyanzelekileyo zibandakanyiwe. APR idibanisa konke oku kube linani elinye.

Umgaqo olandelayo ulula: thelekisa ii-APR, hayi iireyithi zenzala.

Izinto ezibandakanywayo nezingabandakanywayo yi-APR

Ngokuqhelekileyo kubandakanywa:

  • Inzala
  • Iintlawulo zokuqalisa, zokucubungula, kunye nezokumisela
  • Iintlawulo zenyanga zenkonzo okanye zolawulo ezinyanzelekileyo
  • Iipremiyamu ze-inshorensi yobomi betyala ezinyanzelekileyo
  • Iintlawulo zeakhawunti okanye zamaxwebhu ezinyanzelekileyo

Ngokuqhelekileyo azibandakanywa:

  • I-inshorensi yokuzikhethela eyaliwa ngumboleki
  • Iintlawulo zokuhlawula emva kwexesha kunye nezohlwayo
  • Iintlawulo zokuhlawula kwangoko
  • Iindleko umboleki anokuzihlawula kumntu wesithathu ozikhethele yena
  • Iintlawulo ezivela kuphela kukungahlawuli komboleki

Umgaqo kukuba iindleko ezingenakuphetshwa zifanele ukuba kwi-APR kwaye ezixhomekeke kwimeko azifanelekanga — intlawulo yesohlwayo ivela kuphela xa umboleki engayihlawuli intlawulo, ngoko ukuyibandakanya bekuya kuchaza kakubi iindleko zemboleko ehlawulwa njengoko kuvunyelwene. Kanye ukuba zeziphi iintlawulo ezimele zibandakanywe kumiselwa ngumgaqo kazwelonke kwaye kuyahluka phakathi kwemimandla yolawulo.

Indlela i-APR ebalwa ngayo

I-APR yireyithi yesaphulelo elinganisa imali efunyenweyo nexabiso langoku layo yonke into ehlawulwayo:

Net advance = Σ  payment_t ÷ (1 + r)^t

Sombulula r, ireyithi yexesha, emva koko uyenze ibe yeyonyaka. Kukho iindlela ezimbini, kwaye umahluko awuyonto ilula:

  • I-APR ebhaliweyo — ireyithi yexesha × amaxesha ngonyaka. Isetyenziswa eUnited States phantsi kweRegulation Z.
  • I-APR esebenzayo — (1 + r)^n − 1, nto leyo edibanisa inzala. Isetyenziswa e-EU nase-UK.

Imali-mboleko efanayo ivelisa inani eliphezulu phantsi kwendlela yokubala esebenzayo. Xa uthelekisa ii-APR kwiimarike okanye kwimithombo, jonga ukuba yiyiphi indlela yokubala esetyenziswayo.

Isizathu sokuba amazinga acatshuliweyo alahlekise: uthelekiso olwenziweyo.

Izibonelelo ezintathu, ngasinye nge $10,000 ngeentlawulo ezili-12 zenyanga.

Imali-mboleko A:

  • Izinga elicatshuliweyo: 20% p.a. elinciphayo
  • Iintlawulo: Akukho
  • Isixa esifunyenweyo: $10,000
  • Intlawulo yenyanga: $926.35
  • Itotali ehlawulweyo: $11,116
  • Iindleko zetyala: $1,116
  • I-APR (nominal): 20.0%

Imali-mboleko B:

  • Izinga elicatshuliweyo: 15% p.a. elinciphayo
  • Iintlawulo: 5% yokusungula, itsaliwe ($500)
  • Isixa esifunyenweyo: $9,500
  • Intlawulo yenyanga: $902.58
  • Itotali ehlawulweyo: $10,831
  • Iindleko zetyala: $1,331
  • I-APR (nominal): 25.0%

Imali-mboleko C:

  • Izinga elicatshuliweyo: 12% p.a. elithe tyaba
  • Iintlawulo: Akukho
  • Isixa esifunyenweyo: $10,000
  • Intlawulo yenyanga: $933.33
  • Itotali ehlawulweyo: $11,200
  • Iindleko zetyala: $1,200
  • I-APR (nominal): 21.5%

Izinto ezintathu eziphuma koku:

  1. Izinga elicatshuliweyo eliphantsi lilelona libiza kakhulu. Imali-mboleko B ibhengeza i-15% kwaye ibiza i-APR engama-25%, kuba intlawulo ye-5% etsalwayo kwimali-mboleko yonyaka omnye inkulu kakhulu ngokokubalwa konyaka.
  2. Intlawulo ephantsi ayiyiyo eyona mboleko ingabizi kancinci. Imali-mboleko B ineyona ntlawulo yenyanga encinci kwaye ineyona ndleko iphezulu, kuba umboleki wafumana imali engaphantsi nge-$500.
  3. Ireyithi ethe tyaba iphantse iphindeke kabini. I-12% ethe tyaba ye-Loan C iguqulela kwi-APR emalunga ne-21.5%.

Ireyithi ethe tyaba xa ithelekiswa ne-APR

Inzala yereyithi ethe tyaba ibalwa kwinqununu yantlandlolo kulo lonke ixesha, nangona umboleki eyibuyisela ngokuthe ngcembe yona. Kwinyanga yokugqibela bahlawula inzala kwimali abangasenayo.

Njengoqikelelo olusebenzayo lwemali-mboleko ehlawulwa ngokupheleleyo:

APR ≈ flat rate × 2   (roughly, for monthly instalments)

Ireyithi ethe tyaba ye-12% imalunga ne-APR eyi-21–24%. Ireyithi ethe tyaba ye-20% imalunga nama-36–40%. Uqikelelo luba buthathaka kumaxesha amafutshane kakhulu okanye amade kakhulu, kodwa icala lihlala lifana: iireyithi ezithe tyaba zibeka indleko phantsi malunga nesiqingatha.

Oku kubalulekile kuba ukucaphuna iireyithi ezithe tyaba kusaqhelekile kwimali-mboleko encinci, kwimali-mboleko yempahla nakwimali-mboleko yabasebenzi, kwaye umboleki othelekisa unikezelo lwe-12% ethe tyaba nonikezelo lwe-20% onciphayo uya kukhetha ngendlela engeyiyo.

Ingxaki yexesha elifutshane

Ukuguqula intlawulo ibe yonyaka kwixesha elifutshane kakhulu kuvelisa amanani amakhulu kakhulu.

A 10% fee on a 30-day loan  →  10% × (365 ÷ 30) = 121.7% APR

Izibalo zichanekile: umboleki uhlawula i-10% ngokusetyenziswa kwemali inyanga enye, kwaye ukwenza oko amaxesha alishumi elinesibini kuya kubiza loo mali. Kodwa oku kuvelisa amanani anokubonakala engenangqiqo xa kuthelekiswa nesixa sokwenyani esichaphazelekayo — intlawulo ye-$10 kwimali ebolekiweyo ye-$100.

Zombini ezi mbono zinento yazo. Abalawuli bafuna ukubalwa ngokonyaka kuba ngaphandle komlinganiselo ofanayo akukho thelekiso inokwenzeka, kwaye kuba ukuboleka okuqengqelekayo ngokwenene kuyayandisa indleko. Abagxeki baphawula ukuba i-APR yayilelwe ukuthenga ngezavenge kwaye ichaza ngendlela engafanelekanga iimveliso zexesha elifutshane ezihlawulwa kanye.

Isisombululo esisebenzayo: kumatyala exesha elifutshane kakhulu, funda i-APR kunye nesixa sisonke esibuyiswayo. Akukho nanye kuzo iyodwa eyaneleyo.

Izinto ezingakuxelelwa yi-APR

  • Ixesha. I-APR ephantsi kwixesha elide ingabiza imali eninzi ngokupheleleyo. I-APR ye-15% kwiminyaka emihlanu ibiza ngaphezulu kakhulu kune-APR ye-25% kunyaka omnye.
  • Iintlawulo ezinokwenzeka. Iintlawulo zesohlwayo, iintlawulo zokuhlawula kwangoko neendleko zokusilela zihlala ngaphandle kwayo.
  • Ukuguquguquka. Amalungelo okuhlawula kwangoko, iikhefu zokuhlawula kunye neendlela zokutsala kwakhona zinexabiso lokwenene ekungekho reyithi ilibambayo.
  • Ukuba ingaba imali-mboleko iyahlawuleka na. I-APR ilinganisa ixabiso, hayi ukufaneleka.
  • Yeyiphi indlela esetyenzisiweyo. Ii-APR ezichaziweyo nezisebenzayo zemali-mboleko enye ziyahluka, ngamanye amaxesha kakhulu.

Yiyo le nto i-APR kufuneka ifundwe kunye neendleko zizonke zetyala — isixa esipheleleyo esibuyiswayo ngaphezu kwesixa esifunyenweyo. I-APR ihlela unikezelo; iindleko zizonke zibonisa imali.

Ulawulo

  • Ukuvezwa okunyanzelekileyo kwe-APR kulwazi lwangaphambi kwekhontrakthi kwaye, kwiindawo ezininzi zolawulo, kwintengiso
  • Iindlela zokubala ezimiselweyo, ukuze ababolekisi bangakwazi ukusebenzisa indlela evumayo
  • Imithetho ye-APR emele kwintengiso, edla ngokufuna ukuba ababolekisi abamkelweyo, kumlinganiselo ochaziweyo — amaxesha amaninzi malunga nesibini kwisithathu — bafumane izinga elibhengeziweyo
  • Imida ye-APR kwiimveliso ezithile okanye iindidi ezithile
  • Iimfuno zokubandakanywa, ezichaza ngokuchanekileyo ukuba zeziphi iintlawulo ekufuneka zibandakanywe

Apho inzala iyodwa inemida kodwa iintlawulo zingenamida, iindleko zifudukela kwiintlawulo kwaye i-APR ngumlinganiselo ozivezayo. Yiloo nto ukubhengezwa kwe-APR ebandakanya iintlawulo kunye nemida yenzala kudla ngokwaziswa kunye.

Kubabolekisi

  • Bala i-APR ngendlela emiselweyo yommandla wakho wolawulo, hayi ngentelekelelo nje.
  • Bala kwakhona nanini na xa iintlawulo zitshintsha. Uhlengahlengiso oluncinci lweentlawulo lungayishukumisa i-APR ngamanqaku aliqela, ngakumbi kumaxesha emboleko amafutshane.
  • Bonisa i-APR kunye neendleko ezipheleleyo zetyala kunikezelo kunye ne ishedyuli yokuhlawula.
  • Lumka ngokukhangisa nge-APR emele apho amaxabiso asekelwe kumngcipheko athetha ukuba uninzi lwababolekisi luhlawula ngaphezulu kunexabiso elibhengeziweyo.
  • Thatha umsantsa obanzi phakathi kwezinga lenzala eliqhelekileyo kunye ne-APR njengophawu loyilo. Ukuba izinga elichaziweyo liyi-15% kwaye i-APR iyi-40%, uqoqosho lwemveliso lusezintlawulweni, kwaye oko kuya kutsala ingqalelo yolawulo kunye nokulahleka kwabathengi okubangelwa kukuthelekisa.