Ishedyuli yokuhlawula imali-mboleko

Ishedyuli yokuhlawula yitafile ebonisa zonke iintlawulo ezifunekayo ngexesha lonke lemboleko: ukuba intlawulo nganye ifanele ukuhlawulwa nini, ingakanani, ingakanani inzala yayo, ingakanani ecutha imali eyintloko, nokuba yiyiphi intsalela eseleyo emva koko. Apho imali-mboleko ihlawulwa ngokupheleleyo, ibizwa nangokuthi ishedyuli yokunciphisa imali-mboleko.

Ishedyuli yikhontrakthi yemali-mboleko echazwa ngezibalo. Iveliswa ngexesha lokukhutshwa kwemali, inikwa umboleki, ize isetyenziswe ngumbolekisi ukumisela okufanele ukuhlawulwa, nokuba yintoni ephelelwe lixesha, nokuba yintoni eshiyekileyo nangawuphi umhla.

Okuqulethwe yishedyuli

• Inombolo yentlawulo — Indawo yolandelelwano, ukusuka ku-1 ukuya ku- n
• Umhla wokuhlawula — Xa intlawulo ifanele ukuhlawulwa
• Intsalela yokuqala — Imali eyintloko eshiyekileyo phambi kwentlawulo
• Isavenge — Isixa esipheleleyo esifanele ukuhlawulwa
• Inzala — Inzala eqokelelweyo ngexesha elo
• Imali eyintloko — Inxalenye ecutha intsalela
• Intsalela yokugqibela — Imali eyintloko eshiyekileyo emva kwentlawulo

Ezinye iishedyuli zongeza iikholamu zeentlawulo, iipremiyamu ze-inshorensi, inzala ehlawulweyo iyonke, okanye izixa zezohlwayo kwiisavenge eziphelelwe lixesha.

Ishedyuli ebalweyo

$5,000 nge-12% ngonyaka kwintsalela ecuthayo, ngezavenge ezili-12 zenyanga.

Monthly rate = 1.0%
Instalment   = $444.24

#    Opening    Instalment   Interest   Principal    Closing
 1   5,000.00       444.24      50.00      394.24   4,605.76
 2   4,605.76       444.24      46.06      398.18   4,207.58
 3   4,207.58       444.24      42.08      402.16   3,805.42
..
11     875.33       444.24       8.75      435.49     439.84
12     439.84       444.24       4.40      439.84       0.00

Total paid     = $5,330.88
Total interest = $330.88

Isavenge lihlala lilingana; ulwahlulo phakathi kwalo alunjalo. Kwinyanga yoku-1, i-$50 kwi-$444.24 yinzala. Ngenyanga ye-12, kuphela yi-$4.40. Inzala ihlawuliswa kwintsalela eshiyekileyo, kwaye loo ntsalela iyancipha nyanga zonke.

Kwiimali-mboleko ezifutshane utshintsho luncinci. Kwezinde lukhulu kakhulu — kwimortgage yeminyaka engamashumi amabini, uninzi lwesavenge lokuqala lunokuba yinzala, yiyo loo nto intsalela ibonakala ngathi ayishukumi kule minyaka yokuqala.

Iindidi zeshedyuli yokubuyisela imali

• Intlawulo elinganayo (annuity) — Intlawulo engatshintshiyo apho ukubuyiswa kwengqununu kunyuka ngokuhamba kwexesha; isetyenziswa kuninzi lwemali-mboleko yabathengi neye-SME.
• Inqununu elinganayo (straight-line) — Iintlawulo ziyehla ngokuhamba kwexesha kunye nokubuyiswa kwengqununu okungatshintshiyo; isetyenziswa kwimali-mboleko yempahla nakwezinye iimali-mboleko zorhwebo.
• Inzala kuphela emva koko bullet — Iintlawulo ezincinci nezingatshintshiyo zenzala kuphela, ingqununu iphela ihlawulwa ekupheleni kwexesha; isetyenziswa kwimali-mboleko yebhulorho nakwipropathi yorhwebo.
• Ukuhlawulwa kwengqununu ngokuyinxenye (balloon) — Iintlawulo ezingatshintshiyo kunye nentsalela eyisixa esikhulu ehlawulwa ekupheleni kwexesha; isetyenziswa kwimali-mboleko yezithuthi nezixhobo.
• Ukunyuka — Iintlawulo nokubuyiswa kwengqununu kuyenyuka ngokuhamba kwexesha; isetyenziswa kubaboleki ekulindeleke ukuba ingeniso yabo ikhule.
• Ukwehla — Iintlawulo nokubuyiswa kwengqununu kuyehla ngokuhamba kwexesha; isetyenziswa kubaboleki abanamandla anciphayo.
• Yexesha lonyaka / engaqhelekanga — Iintlawulo ezihambelana nokungena kwemali; isetyenziswa kwezolimo nakwimali-mboleko enxulumene nokuvuna.
• Ixesha lobabalo — Akukho ntlawulo okanye iintlawulo zenzala kuphela ngexesha lokuqala elihlehlisiweyo; isetyenziswa kwimali-mboleko yeprojekthi, ezokwakha, nezemfundo.

Intlawulo elinganayo ngokuthelekiswa nengqununu elinganayo

Kusetyenziswa i-$5,000 efanayo nge-12% kwiinyanga ezili-12:

Equal instalment:  $444.24 every month
                   total interest = $330.88

Equal principal:   $416.67 principal + declining interest
                   first payment  = $466.67
                   last payment   = $420.84
                   total interest = $325.00

Inqununu elinganayo ibiza kancinci xa iyonke, kuba inqununu ibuyiswa ngokukhawuleza kwiinyanga zokuqala. Ifuna imali eninzi kwangoko, yiyo loo nto intlawulo elinganayo ilawula kwimali-mboleko yabathengi — ukuqikeleleka kubaluleke kakhulu kuninzi lwababoleki kunolo konga luncinci.

Amaxesha obabalo

Ixesha lobabalo lihlehlisa ukuqala kokubuyisela imali. Iinguqulelo ezimbini, ezineziphumo ezahluke kakhulu:

• Ubabalo lwengqununu — inzala iyahlawulwa ngexesha lobabalo, ingqununu ayihlawulwa. Intsalela ihleli ingatshintshi kodwa ayikhuli.
• Ubabalo olupheleleyo (moratorium) — akukho nto ihlawulwayo, kwaye inzala eyongezelelekileyo idla ngokufakwa kwinqununu. Intsalela iyenyuka ngexesha lobabalo, kwaye intlawulo nganye elandelayo ibalwa ngesixa esikhulu.

Ababoleki bahlala becinga ukuba ubabalo olupheleleyo lusimahla. Lolona lubiza kakhulu kwezi zimbini.

Yintoni ebumba amanani

• Indlela yenzala. Ibhalansi enciphayo ibala inzala kwisixa-mali esiseleyo; ireyithi ethe tyaba ibala yona kwinqununu yokuqala ngalo lonke ixesha. Kwireyithi efanayo ebizwa ngegama, ireyithi ethe tyaba ivelisa inzala enkulu ngokubonakalayo — kwaye ishedyuli yereyithi ethe tyaba ibonisa ikholamu yenzala engaguqukiyo kunokuba ibe yehlayo.
• Umgaqo wokubala iintsuku. Actual/365 kunye ne-30/360 zivelisa izixa zenzala ezahlukileyo kwireyithi efanayo nakwixesha elifanayo. Inyanga eneentsuku ezingama-31 iqokelela ngaphezulu kunaleyo ineentsuku ezingama-28 phantsi kwe-Actual/365, kwaye ifana ncam phantsi kwe-30/360.
• Ukuphindaphindwa kweentlawulo. Iishedyuli zeveki okanye ezeeveki ezimbini zihlawula inqununu ngokukhawuleza kunezenyanga kwireyithi efanayo yonyaka, zinciphisa inzala iyonke kancinci kwaye zihambelana nokuhamba kwemali kwababoleki abafumana umvuzo yonke imihla.
• Umhla wokuhlawula wokuqala. Umsantsa phakathi kokukhutshwa kwemali kunye nomhla wokuqala wokuhlawula udala inzala yeentsuku ezingaphelelanga, ethi yongezwe kwisavenge sokuqala okanye ifakwe enqununu.
• Iintlawulo. Nokuba iintlawulo zokulungiselela kunye neze-inshorensi zitsalwa ekukhutshweni kwemali, zongezwa enqununu, okanye zisasazwe kwiisavenge kuguqula zombini isavenge kunye neendleko ezisebenzayo.

Xa ishedyuli itshintsha

Ishedyuli yokuhlawula ayisosigxina. Iphinda ibalwe xa:

• Intlawulo engaphezulu ifakwa enqununu — nokuba kuncitshiswa ixesha okanye kuncitshiswe izavenge ezizayo, ngokuxhomekeke kumyalelo onikiweyo
• Imali-mboleko ihlelwa ngokutsha — ixesha, ireyithi okanye isavenge ziyalungiswa kuba ishedyuli yokuqala yayingenakuhlawuleka.
• Ukongezelelwa kwemali kuyavunywa — ibhalansi ekhoyo iyahlawulwa kwaye ishedyuli entsha ikhutshwe ngesixa esikhulu
• Ireyithi iyatshintsha kwimali-mboleko enereyithi eguqukayo — izavenge okanye ixesha ziyalungiswa
• Iintlawulo ziyaphoswa — amatyala asaleleyo, inzala yesohlwayo kunye naluphi na ukongezwa enqununu kuguqula oko kusafuneka kuhlawulwe

Ngasinye kwezi kufuneka sivelise ishedyuli ehlaziyiweyo ekhutshelwe umboleki. Umboleki osebenzisa ishedyuli ephelelwe lixesha akayi kungqinelana nebhalansi yombolekisi, nto leyo engunobangela oqhelekileyo wempikiswano.

Amanqaku okusebenza kubabolekisi

• Gcina ishedyuli kunokuba uyibale ngokutsha xa ifuneka. Ishedyuli egciniweyo igcina oko kwakuvunyelwene, iyasinda kwiinguqu zereyithi neeparamitha, kwaye inika abaphicothi zincwadi ireferensi engatshintshiyo. Ukubala ngokutsha kwangoko kwenza iimeko zembali zingaphindi zenziwe.
• Yenza iinguqulelo zeeshedyuli kulo lonke uhlengahlengiso, ugcine ezingasasebenziyo kunokuba uzibhale ngaphezulu.
• Yahlula phakathi kokucwangcisiweyo nokwenziweyo. I-arrears ngumsantsa phakathi kwezi zimbini; ukuzidibanisa kwaphula ingxelo yokungahlawuli.
• Chaza ukuphathwa kwentlawulo engaphelelanga ngokucacileyo — nokuba intlawulo emfutshane ihlawula isavenge esidala, iyasebenza ngokolandelelwano lweentlawulo, okanye ihlala ingabelwanga.
• Yenza ukusondezwa kwamanani ngocoselelo. Izavenge ezisondezwe kwiidesimali ezimbini zishiya intsalela encinci; uninzi lwababolekisi luyifunxa kwisavenge sokugqibela, yiyo loo nto intlawulo yokugqibela ihlala yahluka kancinane kwezinye.
• Veza ishedyuli ngexesha lokukhutshwa kwemali, kunye nesambuku esipheleleyo esibuyiselwayo. Uninzi lwemimandla yomthetho lufuna oku.