Izinga lokubuyisa imali

Ireyithi yokubuyisela ilinganisa ukuba kungakanani koko bekufanele ukuhlawulwa okwenene kwaqokelelwa. Ngendlela yayo elula yimali efunyenweyo yahlulwe ngesixa ebesifanele ukuhlawulwa ngexesha elithile, ichazwe njengepesenti.

Yeyona metric indala neyona icatshulwa kakhulu kwipotfoliyo kwishishini lokubolekisa, kwaye yiyona iingcali zisoloko zilunyukiswa ngokuchasene nokuthembela kuyo. Isizathu kukungangqinelani phakathi koko ibonakala ikuthetha noko ikuthetha ngokwenene: ireyithi yokubuyisela ichaza ukuhamba kwemali ngexesha elithile, ngelixa umbuzo ekudla ngokulindeleka ukuba iwuphendule — iphilile kangakanani le potfoliyo? — umalunga nesitokhwe seemali-mboleko ezisemngciphekweni.

Umbolekisi angakwazi ukunika ingxelo yereyithi yokubuyisela engama-97 ekhulwini ngelixa isinye seshumi sepotfoliyo yakhe sikwityala elingahlawulwanga.

Iifomyula

Akukho nkcazelo inye. Ubuncinane kukho iindlela ezine zokubala ezijikelezayo phantsi kwegama elithi "ireyithi yokubuyisela", kwaye zivelisa iimpendulo ezahlukileyo kwidatha enye.

Ireyithi yokubuyisela yexesha

Isixa esiqokelelweyo ngexesha ÷ Isixa esifanele ukuhlawulwa ngexesha

Olona hlobo luxhaphakileyo. Lilinganisa ukusebenza kokuqokelela ngenyanga okanye ngekota.

Ireyithi yokubuyisela eqokelelweyo

Isixa esipheleleyo esiqokelelweyo ukususela ekuqaleni ÷ Isixa esipheleleyo esiye safaneleka ukuhlawulwa ukususela ekuqaleni

Isetyenziswa kwingxelo yakudala ye-microfinance. Izinze kakhulu, kwaye iphantse ingabi nalwazi kwaphela, kuba imbali ende yokuqokelela okuhle igquma ukonakala kwamva nje.

Ireyithi yokubuyisela ngexesha elifanelekileyo

Izavenge ezihlawulwe ngomhla wokuhlawula okanye ngaphambi kwawo ÷ Izavenge ezifanele ukuhlawulwa

Ibala iziganeko kunexabiso. Kunzima ukuyikhukhumalisa kuneendlela ezisekelwe kwixabiso, kwaye iluncedo ngakumbi ekusebenzeni.

Ireyithi yokubuyisela yangoku

Isixa esiqokelelweyo ngexesha ÷ Isixa esafanele ukuhlawulwa kwangelo xesha linye, kungabandakanywa iintlawulo zangaphambi kwexesha kunye nokuhlawulwa kwangethuba

Inzame yokulungisa okona kugqwetheka kucacileyo kwifomyula yokuqala.

INyathelo lokuqala ekuvavanyeni nayiphi na ireyithi yokubuyisela ecatshulweyo kukufumanisa ukuba yeyiphi kwezi eyivelisileyo. Ngokwenzekayo kaninzi ayichazwa, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ayaziwa.

Umzekelo owenziweyo

Umbolekisi one-1,000,000 engekahlawulwa kwipotfoliyo yakhe yonke unika ingxelo yenyanga:

• Izavenge ezifanele ukuhlawulwa: 120,000
• Isixa esiqokelelweyo kwezo zavenge: 116,400
• Ireyithi yokubuyisela: 97.0% (116,400 ÷ 120,000)

Imeko yetyala elingahlawulwanga yombolekisi ofanayo, ilinganiswa kwiimali-mboleko ngokwazo:

• Ipotfoliyo yemali-mboleko iyonke: 1,000,000
• Intsalela engekahlawulwa yeemali-mboleko ezinayo nayiphi na isavenge esidlulelwe lixesha: 90,000
• Ipotfoliyo esemngciphekweni (PAR): 9.0% (90,000 ÷ 1,000,000)

Zombini zichanekile. Ireyithi yokubuyisa ye-97 ekhulwini kunye nepotfoliyo esemngciphekweni ye-9 ekhulwini zichaza ipotfoliyo enye kwangaloo nyanga inye.

Uhlenga-hlengiso: intsilelo ye-3,600 incinci xa ithelekiswa nezavenge zenyanga, kodwa iimali-mboleko apho loo ntsilelo ivela khona ziphethe i-90,000 yemali eyinqununu eseleyo. Ireyithi yokubuyisa ilinganisa isavenge esiphosiweyo. I-PAR ilinganisa imali-mboleko epheleleyo eso savenge sikuyo.

Kutheni ireyithi yokubuyisa ilahlekisa

Ilinganisa ukuqukuqela, hayi isitokhwe

Isavenge esiphosiweyo se-500 kwimali-mboleko ene-15,000 eseleyo asiyitshintshi kangako ireyithi yokubuyisa. Sibeka yonke i-15,000 emngciphekweni. Umlinganiselo uphendula ku bukhulu bentlawulo; ubungozi bubukhulu bemalimboleko.

Ukukhula kufihla ukusilela ukuhlawula

Kwipotfoliyo ekhulayo, isixa esifanele ukuhlawulwa ixesha ngalinye sincinci xa sithelekiswa nesixa esipheleleyo esiseleyo, kuba iimali-mboleko ezisandula kukhutshwa azikafikeleli uninzi lwezavenge zazo. Idenomineyitha ilawulwa ziimali-mboleko ezindala, eziqinileyo ngelixa ubungozi buhlala kwezintsha. Ukukhula okukhawulezileyo ngoko ke kuvelisa ireyithi yokubuyisa encomekayo phantse ngokuzenzekelayo — kwaye oku kuncoma kuyaphela kanye xa ukukhula kucotha.

Ukuhlawula kwangaphambili kuyayinyusa

Iintlawulo zokugqibezela kwangoko kunye neentlawulo kwangaphambili zongeza kwinomereyitha ngaphandle kokufakwa okuhambelanayo kwidenomineyitha. Ipotfoliyo eneentlawulo ezimbalwa ezinkulu zokugqibezela kwangoko inganika ingxelo yereyithi yokubuyisa engaphezu kwe-100 ekhulwini ngelixa ii-akhawunti ezisilela ukuhlawula ngokwenene zihlala zingachukunyiswa.

Ukucwangciswa ngokutsha kuseta ngokutsha idenomineyitha

Ukuhlenga-hlengisa i-akhawunti esemva kweentlawulo kuthatha indawo yezavenge eziphosiweyo nge ishedyuli entsha. Isibophelelo esidala siyayeka ukuba "kufuneka sihlawulwe", ngoko siyaphuma ekubaleni. Umbolekisi ocwangcisa ngokutsha ngamandla angagcina ireyithi yokubuyisa ephantse igqibelele kwipotfoliyo ewohlokayo. Le yeyona ndlela inye isebenzayo yokufihla ukuwohloka kwepotfoliyo, kwaye kushiya phantse kungekho mkhondo kwireyithi yokubuyisa ngokwayo.

Ukucinywa kwamatyala kususa ubungqina

Iimali-mboleko ezicinyiweyo azisavelisi zivenge ezifunekayo, ngoko ii-akhawunti eziqhuba kakubi kakhulu ziyaphuma ngokusisigxina kwidenomineyitha. Ireyithi yokubuyisa ebalwa emva kokucinywa kwetyala ngumlinganiselo weemali-mboleko ezasindayo.

Ukudityaniswa kufihla ukwabiwa

Ireyithi yepotfoliyo ye-97 ekhulwini iyahambelana nawo wonke umboleki ehlawula i-97 ekhulwini, okanye ne-97 ekhulwini yababoleki behlawula ngokupheleleyo ize i-3 ekhulwini ingahlawuli nto. Ezi ziimeko ezahluke ngokupheleleyo ezinesihloko esifanayo.

Ireyithi yokubuyisa ithelekiswa neminye imilinganiselo yomgangatho

Ireyithi yokubuyisa

• Ilinganisa: Imali eqokelelweyo ngokuthelekiswa nemali ekufuneka ihlawulwe
• Isiseko: Ukuqukuqela ngexesha elithile
• Ibandakanya ukuvezwa okupheleleyo: Hayi
• Ichatshazelwa kukukhula: Kakhulu
• Ichatshazelwa kukuhlengahlengiswa: Kakhulu
• Ikhuliswa kukuhlawula kwangaphambili: Ewe
• Umgangatho wokunika ingxelo: Hayi

Ipotfoliyo esemngciphekweni (PAR)

• Ilinganisa: Ibhalansi eseleyo yeemali-mboleko ezinayo nayiphi na intsalela engahlawulwanga
• Isiseko: Isitokhwe ngexesha elithile
• Ibandakanya ukuvezwa okupheleleyo: Ewe
• Ichatshazelwa kukukhula: Ngokuphakathi
• Ichatshazelwa kukuhlengahlengiswa: Kuxhomekeke kumgaqo-nkqubo wokuhlela
• Ikhuliswa kukuhlawula kwangaphambili: Hayi
• Umgangatho wokunika ingxelo: Ewe

Izinga leentsalela ezingahlawulwanga

• Ilinganisa: Ixabiso lezavenge ezidlule ixesha kuphela
• Isiseko: Isitokhwe ngexesha elithile
• Ibandakanya ukuvezwa okupheleleyo: Hayi
• Ichatshazelwa kukukhula: Ngokuphakathi
• Ichatshazelwa kukuhlengahlengiswa: Ewe
• Ikhuliswa kukuhlawula kwangaphambili: Hayi
• Umgangatho wokunika ingxelo: Okwesibini

Izinga lokuqokelela

• Ilinganisa: Imali eqokelelweyo xa ithelekiswa nemali elindelekileyo (kubandakanywa ukubuyiswa kwamatyala asemva kweshedyuli)
• Isiseko: Ukuqukuqela ngexesha elithile
• Ibandakanya ukuvezwa okupheleleyo: Hayi
• Ichatshazelwa kukukhula: Kakhulu
• Ichatshazelwa kukuhlengahlengiswa kweshedyuli: Kakhulu
• Inyuswa kukuhlawula kwangaphambili: Ewe
• Umgangatho wokunika ingxelo: Yeyokusebenza kuphela

Imvumelwano yecandelo kukuba ipotifoliyo esemngciphekweni, yahlulwe ngokwamahlelo obudala, ingumlinganiselo ofanelekileyo womgangatho wepotifoliyo, kwaye ukuba izinga lokuhlawula alifanele lisetyenziselwe loo njongo. Abaxhasi ngezimali, abalinganisi nabalawuli badla ngokufuna iPAR.

Ibango elithi “izinga lokuhlawula lama-97 ekhulwini”

Amazinga okuhlawula akwizinga eliphezulu lama-90 ekhulwini aye acatshulwa kwimathiriyeli yokukhangisa ye-microfinance amashumi eminyaka, kwaye eli nani liphindwa ngokubanzi njengobungqina bokuba ababoleki abahluphekayo babuyisa ngokuthembekileyo.

Ibango elisisiseko linento yokwenyani — ukubolekiswa kwemali encinci okuqinisekiswa liqela ngokwenene kufezekisa ukuqokelelwa okuphezulu — kodwa inani elithile kufuneka lifundwe ngononophelo:

• Ifomula ihlala ingachazwanga, kwaye izinga lokuhlawula elidityanisiweyo livelisa elona nani liphezulu kwezine.
• Iimali-mboleko ezihlengahlengisiweyo neziphinde zaxhaswa ngemali zihlala zibandakanywa njengezihlawulayo.
• Iimali-mboleko ezicinyiweyo ziye zaphuma ekubaleni.
• Amaziko afanayo ahlala enika ingxelo ngePAR 30 ephakathi kwamanani anedijithi enye, nto leyo engumfanekiso ohluke kakhulu wepotifoliyo efanayo.

Akukho nanye kwezi ethetha ukuba ukubolekisa akukho semgangathweni. Kuthetha ukuba inani eliphambili alibobungqina obubonakala ngathi bunjalo, kwaye iziko elicaphula izinga lokuhlawula ngaphandle kwePAR ecaleni kwalo linika elona nani libuthathaka kumanani amabini akhoyo.

Apho izinga lokuhlawula liluncedo ngokwenene

Lo mlinganiselo unexabiso lokwenyani ekusebenzeni, ukuba nje awucelwanga ukuba ulinganise umgangatho wepotifoliyo.

Ukubeka iliso kwingqokelela yomjikelo omfutshane. Kubhanki waselalini nakwezinye iindlela zokuhlawula ngeveki, umbuzo kwintlanganiso nganye ngowokuba ingaba iqela liqokelele na oko bekufanele kuhlawulwe. Izinga lokuhlawula liphendula kanye loo nto, ngoko nangoko, ngaphandle kokulinda amatyala asemva kweshedyuli ukuba abe mdala.

Ukusebenza kwegosa nesebe. Izinga lokuhlawula kwangexesha kwipotifoliyo echaziweyo ngumlinganiselo ofanelekileyo wengqeqesho yokuqokelela, kuba igosa lilawula ukuqokelela kodwa alilawuli ukwakheka kwembali yepotifoliyo.

Ukuthelekiswa kwemveliso neqela elifanayo. Ukuthelekisa amazinga okuhlawula kwiimveliso ezahlukeneyo, kwiinyanga zokukhutshwa kwemali okanye kwimijikelo yabathengi kwahlula iyantlukwano efihlwa yiPAR, kuba amaqela afanayo ayafaniswa.

Isilumkiso kwangethuba. Izinga lokuhlawula elishukuma phambi kokuba iPAR ishukume sisalathisi esiluncedo esikhokelayo — amatyala asemva kweshedyuli athatha iintsuku ezingamashumi amathathu ukuze abhalwe kwiPAR 30, kodwa intsilelo kwingqokelela yale veki ibonakala ngoko nangoko.

Kuyo nganye kwezi lo mlinganiselo usetyenziselwa into ekuyiyo: umlinganiselo womsebenzi wokuqokelela ngexesha elifutshane, elilawulwayo.

Ukuyibala ngendlela ethethelelekayo

• Chaza ifomula. Lonke izinga lokubuyisela elicatshulweyo kufuneka liphethe inkcazelo yalo.
• Susa iintlawulo zangaphambili kunye nokuhlawulwa kwangethuba. kwinani eliphezulu, okanye unike ingxelo ngazo ngokwahlukileyo.
• Xela iimali-mboleko ezihlehlisiweyo ngokwahlukileyo. I-akhawunti ehlengahlengisiweyo kufuneka ibonakale, ingafakwa ngokungabonakaliyo kwincwadi yeemali-mboleko ezisebenzayo.
• Chaza ukuba iimali-mboleko ezicinyiweyo zibandakanyiwe na. Zombini iindlela zinokuthetheleleka; kukuthula kuphela okungenakuthetheleleka.
• Xela ixesha. Inani lenyanga kunye nenani elongezelelekileyo azithelekiseki.
• Ungaze uyipapashe iyodwa. Izinga lokubuyisela likunye ne-PAR 30 kunye nomlinganiselo wemali-mboleko ehlengahlengisiweyo linika umfanekiso ofanelekileyo. Nayiphi na enye kuzo iyodwa ayiwuniki.
• Khetha izinga lokubuyisela ngexesha elifanelekileyo. apho injongo ilululeko lomsebenzi, kuba libala iziganeko kwaye liyamelana nokugqwetha okusekelwe kwixabiso.