Umjikelo wemboleko / ukubolekisa okuqhubekayo

Umjikelo wemboleko ngumjikelo omnye opheleleyo wobudlelwane bokubolekisa: isicelo, uvavanyo, ukuvunywa, ukukhutshwa kwemali, ixesha lokuhlawula, nokuhlawula ngokupheleleyo. Xa umboleki ehlawula intsalela aze athathe imali-mboleko entsha, ungena kumjikelo olandelayo.

Inani lomjikelo — umjikelo wokuqala, owesibini, owesithathu — liyeyona nto ibalulekileyo kumthengi kwi-microfinance nakwi-SACCO lending. Lirekhoda ukuba zingaphi iimali-mboleko umboleki azigqibileyo neziko kwaye lisetyenziselwa ukumisela ukufaneleka, ubukhulu bemboleko, amaxabiso kunye nenqanaba elifunekayo lokuvunywa kwi-mboleko elandelayo.

Yintoni ukuBolekisa okuQhubekekayo?

Ukubolekisa okuqhubekekayo (okwabizwa ngokuba kukubolekisa ngezinyathelo, ukubolekisa okunyukayo okanye ukukhula kwemboleko) kukwenza ukwandisa isixa semboleko, kwaye kudla ngokwandisa ixesha okanye ukuphucula imiqathango, kumjikelo ngamnye ogqitywe ngempumelelo. Umboleki uqala ngesixa esincinci, abuyise, aze afanelekele imali-mboleko enkulu kumjikelo olandelayo.

Yindlela esemgangathweni yokubolekisa ababoleki abangenayo isibambiso, abangenayo irekhodi ye-credit bureau kwaye bengenazo iingxelo zemali ezihloliweyo — nto leyo echaza uninzi lwababoleki abangamashishini amancinci kakhulu nalawo mancinci.

Kutheni ukuBolekisa okuQhubekekayo Kusebenza: Izikhuthazi eziGuqukayo

Ukubolekisa okuqhelekileyo kulawula umngcipheko wokungahlawuli ngesibambiso. Ukubolekisa okuqhubekekayo kuthatha indawo yako ngenkuthazo eguqukayo: ixabiso lokuqhubeka nokufikelela kwi-credit.

Indlela yokusebenza icacile. Ngalo lonke ixesha kubudlelwane, umboleki uthelekisa inzuzo encinci ekhawulezileyo yokungahlawuli kunye nelahleko yemboleko enkulu kakhulu yexesha elizayo. Ngenxa yokuba imali-mboleko yomjikelo ngamnye inkulu kunaleyo yangaphambili, ixabiso lobudlelwane likhula ngokukhawuleza kunesilingo sokulushiya. Ukubuyisa kuba lukhetho olunengqiqo ngaphandle kokuba kukhe kwabekwa nantoni na njengesibambiso.

Kulandela iziphumo ezithathu:

• Umjikelo wokuqala unomngcipheko omkhulu. Umboleki unento encinci yokulahlekelwa. Iimali-mboleko zomjikelo wokuqala zincinci ngabom, zinexesha elifutshane kwaye zidla ngokuhlawulwa rhoqo.
• Umngcipheko uyehla njengoko inani lomjikelo linyuka. I-portfolio-at-risk isoloko iphantsi kubaboleki abaphindayo kunakubathengi bomjikelo wokuqala, yiyo loo nto inani lomjikelo lingenye yezinto ezinamandla kakhulu kwikhadi lokufaka amanqaku le-microfinance credit.
• Inkuthazo iyancipha kumda ophezulu. Xa umboleki efikelela ubukhulu obuphezulu bemboleko obunokunikelwa liziko, isithembiso semali-mboleko enkulu elandelayo siyanyamalala. Eli lithuba apho umngcipheko wokungahlawuli ngabom uphinda unyuka, kwaye lithuba apho iindlela zokunyuselwa zibalulekile.

Indlela iLeli yokuBoleka eQhubekayo esebenza ngayo

Ileli eqhelekileyo ichaza, kumjikelo ngamnye, ubukhulu obuphezulu bemboleko, ixesha lokuhlawula, kunye neemeko ezifunekayo ukuze uqhubele phambili.

• Umjikelo 1 - Ubukhulu obuqhelekileyo bemboleko: Isixa esisisiseko

  • Ixesha lokuhlawula: elifutshane (iinyanga ezi-3–6)
  • Umqathango wokuqhubela phambili: Uvavanyo oluyimpumelelo, ukusekwa kweqela okanye umqinisekisi

• Umjikelo 2 - Ubukhulu obuqhelekileyo bemboleko: Isiseko + 25–50%

  • Ixesha lokuhlawula: iinyanga ezi-3–9
  • Umqathango wokuqhubela phambili: Umjikelo 1 uhlawulwe ngokupheleleyo, amatyala ashiyekileyo akwizinga elamkelekileyo.

• Umjikelo 3 - Ubukhulu obuqhelekileyo bemboleko: Isixa sangaphambili + 25–50%

  • Ixesha lokuhlawula: iinyanga ezi-6–12
  • Umqathango wokuqhubela phambili: Intlawulo ecocekileyo, ibhalansi yokonga igcinwe.

• Umjikelo 4+ - Ubukhulu obuqhelekileyo bemboleko: Isixa sangaphambili + inyathelo, ngokuxhomekeke kumda ophezulu.

  • Ixesha lokuhlawula: Ukuya kwiinyanga ezi-12–24
  • Umqathango wokuqhubela phambili: Umthamo weshishini uqinisekisiwe, ukuhlolwa kwebhuro kucocekile.

• Ukunyuselwa (Umtu ngamnye / SME) - Ubukhulu obuqhelekileyo bemboleko: Imveliso yomntu ngamnye okanye ye-SME

  • Ixesha lokuboleka: iinyanga ezili-12 ukuya kwezi-36
  • Umqathango wokuqhubela phambili: Ukwenziwa ngokusesikweni, isibambiso okanye ukuvavanywa kokuhamba kwemali

Iiparamitha ezithile ziyahluka ngokweziko nemveliso, kodwa izinto zesakhiwo ziyahambelana.

Iimiqathango eziqhelekileyo zokuqhubela phambili

• Ukuhlawulwa ngokupheleleyo kwemboleko yangaphambili ngaphandle kokucinywa okanye ukwakhiwa ngokutsha kwetyala.
• Unyamezelo lwamatyala angekahlawulwa — umzekelo, akukho savenge libe semva ngeentsuku ezingaphezulu kwenani elimiselweyo ngexesha lomjikelo ongaphambili.
• Ubuncinane bentsalela yokonga okanye igalelo lokonga elisisinyanzelo eligcinwa lonke ixesha.
• Ubume beqela, apho ukubolekwa kweqela kusebenza khona: lonke iqela kufuneka lingekho emva kwiintlawulo ngaphambi kokuba naliphi na ilungu liqhubele phambili.
• Ukuzimasa kwiintlanganiso zeqela okanye iiseshoni zokuhlawula, apho indlela yokusebenza ifuna khona.
• Ukuqinisekiswa kweshishini — ubungqina bokuba ishishini liyakwazi ukusingatha nokuhlawula isixa esikhulu.
• Ukhangelo kwi-credit bureau okuqinisekisa ukuba akukho kuboleka okubalulekileyo kwenye indawo ukusukela kumjikelo odlulileyo.

Ukubolekwa okuqhubela phambili kwiindlela zeQela xa kuthelekiswa nezoMntu ngamnye

Ukubolekwa kweqela. Phantsi koxanduva oludibeneyo, ukuqhubela phambili komjikelo kudla ngokunqandwa kwinqanaba leqela: akukho lungu liqhubela phambili kwimali-mboleko enkulu ngelixa naliphi na ilungu lisemva kwiintlawulo. Oku kungqamanisa ukubekwa kweliso koontanga kunye nesakhiwo senkuthazo kodwa kunokohlwaya abahlawuli abalungileyo ngenxa yelungu elingahlawuliyo, kwaye kungunobangela oqhelekileyo wokuyeka kweqela.

Ukubolekwa komntu ngamnye. Ukuqhubela phambili kuvavanywa ngokwemboleki ngamnye, kwaye ileli ibotshelelwe kwimbali yokuhlawula yomntu ngamnye kunye nokuhamba kwemali kweshishini okuqinisekisiweyo.

Ukunyukela phakathi kwezi zimbini. Amaziko amaninzi asebenzisa imveliso yeqela njengeleli yokungena kwaye ahambisa ababoleki abaqhuba kakuhle ngokungaguquguqukiyo kwiimveliso zomntu ngamnye emva kwenani elimiselweyo lemijikelo. Le yeyona ndlela iphambili yokunyukela kwimali-mboleko encinci kwaye yeyona ndlela ingundoqo yokugcina abaxhasi abadlula imida yemali-mboleko yeqela.

Iimetriki ezingundoqo zokulawula ipotfoliyo eqhubela phambili

• Ulwabiwo lwemijikelo — isahlulo sababoleki abasebenzayo kwinani ngalinye lomjikelo. Ipotfoliyo egxile kakhulu kumjikelo woku-1 ibonisa ingxaki yokugcina abaxhasi; egxile phezulu ibonisa ingxaki yomda ophezulu.
• Izinga lokugcina abaxhasi — umlinganiselo wababoleki abathatha imali-mboleko elandelayo emva kokuhlawula. Ukugcinwa kwabaxhasi kuqhuba uqoqosho lweyunithi, kuba iindleko zokufumana abaxhasi nokuvavanya okokuqala zisabiwa kwimijikelo yonke.
• Izinga lokuyeka ngokomjikelo — apho ababoleki beyeka khona kuleli, kwaye kutheni: ubungakanani bemboleko buncinci kakhulu, imiqathango ingathandeki, okanye umntu okhuphisana nabo enika inyathelo elikhulu.
• PAR ngokwenombolo yomjikelo — iqinisekisa ukuba ingaba ileli liwubiza ngokuchanekileyo umngcipheko. Ukuba i-PAR iyenyuka endaweni yokwehla kwimijikelo ephezulu, ukunyuka kwesinyathelo kudlula amandla omboleki.
• Ubungakanani obuphakathi bemboleko ngokomjikelo — ilandelela ukuba amanyathelo asetyenziswa ngokungaguquguqukiyo okanye ngokokhetho.
• Ukukhula kobungakanani obuphakathi bemboleko xa kuthelekiswa nokukhula kwengeniso yomthengi — isilumkiso sokuqala esiphambili sokutyala ngokugqithisileyo.

Iingozi neeNdlela zokuSilela

Ukubolekisa okuqhubekekayo kuyasebenza kodwa akukwazi kuzilungisa ngokwako. Iindlela eziphambili zokusilela zibhalwe kakuhle.

Ukunyuka okuzenzekelayo

Ukuphatha ukunyuka kwesinyathelo njengelungelo elifunyanwa ngembali yokuhlawula kuphela, endaweni yokuphinda kuhlolwe ukukwazi ukuhlawula kumjikelo ngamnye. Imbali yokuhlawula ibonisa ukuzimisela ukuhlawula; ayibonisi amandla okuhlawula imali-mboleko enkulu nge-50%.

Ubungakanani bemboleko obudlula ukufunxwa kweshishini

Ishishini elincinane linamandla alinganiselweyo okusebenzisa imali eyongezelelweyo yokusebenza ngendlela enemveliso. Ngaphaya kwelo nqanaba, iimali-mboleko ezongezelelweyo ziya kwizinto zokusetyenziswa, ekuhlawuleni amanye amatyala, okanye zihlale nje — ngeli lixa isibophelelo sokuhlawula sikhula kunjalo.

Ukutyala ngokugqithisileyo nokuboleka okuphindaphindiweyo

Apho ababolekisi abaliqela ngamnye esebenzisa ileli yakhe kumboleki omnye, ubutyala obupheleleyo bunokunyuka bugqithe kakhulu amandla ngeli lixa ifayile yombolekisi ngamnye ibonakala icocekile. Ukujongwa kwe-bureau kumjikelo ngamnye, hayi kuphela ekuqalisweni, lulawulo olusemgangathweni.

Ukuqengqeleka okufihla iintsalela ezingekahlawulwa

Ukubolekisa ngokutsha umboleki osokolayo ukuze kube "umjikelo omtsha" ukuze kususwe intsalela endala kufihla ukungaphumeleli kwaye kuqala ngokutsha ukubalwa kwexesha lokuguga kwetyala. Ukuvuselelwa okuhlawula imali-mboleko yangaphambili ngemali entsha ekhutshiweyo kukuhlengahlengisa, hayi umjikelo omtsha, kwaye kufuneka kuxelwe kanjalo.

Ukungakhuli kwinqanaba eliphezulu

Ababoleki abafikelela kubungakanani obuphezulu bemboleko bengenayo indlela yokudlulela phambili bayama ndaweni-nye okanye bahambe baye kwiziko elikhuphisanayo. Zombini ezi ziphumo zichitha imbali yetyala iziko elichithe imijikelo eliqela liyakha.

Ukuphambuka kwinjongo

Ngenxa yokuba iimali-mboleko ezinkulu zibiza kancinci ukuphathwa ngeyunithi ebolekiweyo, iipotfoliyo ngokwendalo zityekela kubaboleki bomjikelo ophezulu, abakhulu ngokuhamba kwexesha. Ngaphandle kweethagethi ezicwangcisiweyo zokuvulwa kweemali-mboleko zomjikelo wokuqala, iziko linokuyeka ngokuthe ngcembe ukukhonza icandelo elalenzelwe lona.

Ukuyila iLeli eQhubekekayo eQinisekileyo

• Beka umda kwisinyathelo, hayi nje kwisilinganiselo esiphezulu. Ukunyuka ngeepesenti kudityaniswa ngokukhawuleza; ukonyuka okumiselweyo okuphezulu kumjikelo ngamnye kuthintela ukukhula okungalawulekiyo.
• Phinda uhlole ukukwazi ukuhlawula kumjikelo ngamnye. Umthamo osekelwe ekuhambeni kwemali, hayi imbali yokuhlawula iyodwa, kufuneka umisele isixa.
• Vumela ukuvuselelwa kwesixa esifanayo. Umboleki oqhuba kakuhle kodwa ongayidingiyo imali-mboleko enkulu kufuneka akwazi ukuphinda isixa esifanayo ngaphandle kokuphathwa njengenkqubela-phambili engaphumelelanga.
• Khangela i- bureau kumjikelo ngamnye. Ubutyala obukwenye indawo yeyona nto inokwenzeka ukuba itshintshile ukususela kuhlolo lokugqibela.
• Yahlula ngaphezu kobungakanani. Amaxabiso aphuculweyo, ixesha elide lokuhlawula, ukukhawuleza kokujika kunye nokuguquguquka kokuphindaphindeka kokuhlawula zonke ziyimivuzo yenkqubela-phambili engalonyusi umthwalo wetyala.
• Yakha indlela yokudlulela phambili kuqala. Chaza ukuba ababoleki bomjikelo ophezulu baya phi phambi kokuba bafike apho.
• Landelela iPAR ngomjikelo ngokuqhubekayo. Lolona vavanyo lucocekileyo lobungqina lokuba ileli ilungelelaniswe ngokuchanekileyo na.