Inzala yebhalansi enciphayo

Inzala yebhalansi enciphayo ibalwa kwimali eyintloko esele ishiyekileyo, iphinde ibalwe rhoqo ngexesha njengoko umboleki ehlawula. Njengoko ibhalansi isihla, inzala ehlawuliswayo nayo iyehla. Ikwabizwa ngokuba yibhalansi eyehlayo, ibhalansi enciphayo okanye inzala ehlawulelwa ngokwecwangciso.

Ubalo lwexesha ngalinye luthi:

Interest for the period = outstanding principal × periodic rate

Umgaqo osisiseko wawo ulula: umboleki uhlawulela imali anayo ngokwenene. Xa imali eyintloko sele ihlawulwe, akukho nzala ingezayo ehlawuliswa kuyo.

Le yindlela eqhelekileyo kubolekiso olusesikweni kwaye iye iyalelwa ngakumbi ngabalawuli, kuba enye indlela — ireyithi ethe tye — ihlawulisa inzala kwimali umboleki sele eyibuyisile.

Indlela esebenza ngayo: ishedyuli enomzekelo

$6,000 nge 24% ngonyaka kwiizavenge ezi-6 zenyanga.

Monthly rate = 24% ÷ 12 = 2.0%
Instalment   = $1,071.15

Month   Opening      Instalment   Interest   Principal    Closing
1       $6,000.00    $1,071.15    $120.00    $951.15      $5,048.85
2       $5,048.85    $1,071.15    $100.98    $970.17      $4,078.68
3       $4,078.68    $1,071.15    $81.57     $989.58      $3,089.10
4       $3,089.10    $1,071.15    $61.78     $1,009.37    $2,079.73
5       $2,079.73    $1,071.15    $41.59     $1,029.56    $1,050.17
6       $1,050.17    $1,071.15    $21.00     $1,050.15        $0.00

Total repaid   = $6,426.90
Total interest = $426.90

Isavenge asitshintshi. Inzala engaphakathi kuso yehla ukusuka kwi-$120 ukuya kwi-$21, kwaye inxalenye yemali eyintloko inyuka ngokuhambelanayo.

Ukwahlulwa kwenzala/imali eyintloko — kunye nokungaqondi okuqhelekileyo

Ababoleki badla ngokuqaphela ukuba iintlawulo zokuqala zizele yinzala kwaye bagqibe ekubeni umbolekisi "wafaka inzala ngaphambili". Kumboleko webhalansi enciphayo, akunjalo.

Ukwahlulwa kutshintsha ngesizathu esinye kuphela: inzala ihlawuliswa kwibhalansi, kwaye ibhalansi inkulu ekuqaleni. Akukho nto ifakwe naphi na. Ukuba umboleki uhlawula ityala nangaliphi na ixesha, unetyala lemali eyintloko esele ishiyekileyo ngaloo mhla kwaye akukho nto ingaphezulu.

Oku kwahluke ngokwenene kubolekiso lwereyithi ethe tye okanye olubalwe kwangaphambili, apho inzala iyonke imiselwa kwasekuqaleni kwaye indlela yembuyekezo imisela ukuba yintoni — ukuba ikho — ebuya xa kuhlawulwa kwangoko. Kwibhalansi enciphayo, akukho mbuyekezo ifunekayo, kuba inzala engazange ifunyenwe ayizange ihlawuliswe.

Iindlela ezimbini ezisebenzisa ibhalansi enciphayo zombini

"Ibhalansi enciphayo" ichaza indlela inzala ebalwa ngayo, hayi indlela umboleko ohlawulwa ngayo. Iindlela ezimbini zokuhlawula zombini ziyisebenzisa, kwaye zidla ngokubhidaniswa.

Isavenge esilinganayo (annuity). Intlawulo ayitshintshi; ukwahlulwa kwenzala/imali eyintloko kuyatshintsha. Le yitheyibhile engentla kwaye yeyona ndlela ixhaphakileyo kakhulu.

Imali eyintloko elinganayo (straight-line). Inxalenye yemali eyintloko ayitshintshi; intlawulo iyehla njengoko inzala isihla.

Le $6,000 efanayo nge-24% kwiinyanga ezi-6, ibuyiselwa njengemali eyintloko elinganayo ye-$1,000 ngenyanga:

Month   Opening     Principal   Interest   Instalment
1       $6,000      $1,000      $120       $1,120
2       $5,000      $1,000      $100       $1,100
3       $4,000      $1,000       $80       $1,080
4       $3,000      $1,000       $60       $1,060
5       $2,000      $1,000       $40       $1,040
6       $1,000      $1,000       $20       $1,020

Total interest = $420.00  (versus $426.90 on equal instalment)

Imali eyintloko elinganayo ineendleko eziphantsi kancinane, kuba imali eyintloko ibuyiselwa ngokukhawuleza kwangoko. Ifuna imali eninzi kwiinyanga zokuqala, yiyo loo nto intlawulo elinganayo ixhaphakile kuboleko lwabathengi — ukuqikeleleka kubaluleke ngaphezu kogcino oluncinane.

Ukuqokeleleka kwenzala yemihla ngemihla ngokuchasene nokubalwa ngamaxesha

Iindlela ezimbini zokuphumeza zivelisa amanani ahluke kancinane.

Ireyithi yamaxesha (yenyanga). Ireyithi yonyaka yahlulwe ngeshumi elinesibini kwaye isetyenziswa kwintsalela kumhla ngamnye wentlawulo. Ilula, kwaye isisiseko seedyuli ezininzi ezipapashiweyo.

Ukuqokeleleka kwenzala yemihla ngemihla. Inzala iqokelelana yonke imihla kwintsalela eseleyo, ngokuqhelekileyo ngokwe-Actual/365, kwaye ihlawuliswa qho ngenyanga:

Daily interest = outstanding balance × annual rate ÷ 365

Umahluko ubalulekile xa iintlawulo zifika ngaphandle kweshedyuli. Phantsi kokuqokeleleka kwenzala yemihla ngemihla, ukuhlawula ngeentsuku ezintathu kwangaphambili kunciphisa ngokwenene inzala, kuba intsalela yehla ngeentsuku ezintathu kwangoko. Phantsi kokubalwa ngamaxesha ngenyanga, ngokuqhelekileyo akwenzi mahluko kwaphela.

Ukuqokeleleka kwenzala yemihla ngemihla kukwenza imali-mboleko ivakalele kwindlela yokubala iintsuku — inyanga eneentsuku ezingama-31 iqokelela ngaphezu kwenyanga eneentsuku ezingama-28 phantsi kwe-Actual/365, kwaye ilingana ngqo phantsi kwe-30/360.

Intsalela enciphayo xa kuthelekiswa nereyithi ethe tyaba

Olu luthelekiso olubaluleke kakhulu kubaboleki, kuba ireyithi efanayo echaziweyo ivelisa iindleko ezahluke kakhulu.

Ireyithi ethe tyaba ihlawulisa inzala kwimali eyintloko yoqobo yexesha elipheleleyo, kungakhathaliseki ukuba iintlawulo zenziwe. Kusetyenziswa le mboleko inye:

Flat:      6,000 × 24% × 0.5 years  = $720.00 interest
Reducing:                             $426.90 interest

I-24% efanayo echaziweyo ibiza nge-69% ngaphezulu phantsi kwereyithi ethe tyaba.

• Isiseko senzala: Intsalela enciphayo ibala ngokutsha kwintsalela eseleyo; ireyithi ethe tyaba imiselwe kwimali eyintloko yoqobo.
• Inzala ngexesha ngalinye: Intsalela enciphayo iyehla ngexesha; ireyithi ethe tyaba ihlala ingatshintshi.
• Iindleko ngereyithi efanayo echaziweyo: Intsalela enciphayo iphantsi; ireyithi ethe tyaba iphezulu kakhulu.
• Ukuhlawula ityala kwangethuba: Intsalela enciphayo ayidingi saphulelo; ireyithi ethe tyaba ixhomekeke kwindlela yesaphulelo ukuze kubonwe nayiphi na inzuzo.
• Intlawulo engaphezulu: Intsalela enciphayo iyayinciphisa ngokwenene inzala yexesha elizayo; ireyithi ethe tyaba inokungongi nto ngaphandle kwesaphulelo.
• Ukuba selubala: Intsalela enciphayo iphezulu (ingqinelana ngqo nentsalela); ireyithi ethe tyaba iphantsi (ireyithi ibeka indleko ngaphantsi).

Ukuguqula phakathi kwezi zimbini

Njengoqikelelo olusebenzayo lwemali-mboleko ehlawulwa ngokupheleleyo:

Reducing-balance equivalent ≈ flat rate × 1.8 to 2.0

Isiphindaphindi sixhomekeke kwixesha. Kumzekelo weenyanga ezintandathu ongentla, i-$426.90 yenzala yebhalansi enciphayo ihambelana nereyithi ethe tyaba emalunga ne-14.2% — ngoko ke i-24% enciphayo ≈ i-14.2% ethe tyaba kwiinyanga ezintandathu. Ngaphezu kweenyanga ezilishumi elinambini nangaphezulu, umlinganiselo usondela ngakumbi kwi-2×.

Ulwalathiso luhlala lufana: ireyithi ethe tyaba ibeka phantsi iindleko zokwenene zetyala malunga nesiqingatha. Umboleki othelekisa ireyithi ethe tyaba ye-14% nereyithi enciphayo ye-24% ujonga iimali-mboleko ezimbini eziphantse zifane.

Kutheni ibhalansi enciphayo ibalulekile emva koko

Indlela yenzala imisela ukuba ezinye iindlela ezininzi zokukhusela umboleki zinampembelelo na.

• Ukuhlawula ngaphezulu kunciphisa inzala yexesha elizayo kwimali-mboleko yebhalansi enciphayo. Kwimali-mboleko ethe tyaba ngaphandle kwesaphulelo, kusenokungafezekisi nto.
• Ukuvala kwangethuba akufuni kubalwa saphulelo — inani lokuvala ityala lisisambuku senqununu kunye nenzala ehlanganisiweyo ukuza kuthi ga ngoku.
• Ukuhlengahlengisa kubala ngokutsha ngokucacileyo ukusuka kwibhalansi eseleyo, ngaphandle kwengxaki yenzala engekafunyanwa.
• Iingxelo ziyangqinelana. Ibhalansi ayibonayo umboleki sisixa ebeya kufuneka asihlawule, nto leyo esusa udidi lonke lwengxabano.

Amanqaku okusebenza kubabolekisi

• Khetha kwaye ubhale isiseko sokuhlanganisa inzala — yonke imihla ngokuchasene namaxesha, kunye nendlela yokubala iintsuku. Yipapashe kwisivumelwano.
• Yahlula ukuhlanganiswa kwenzala ekubizeni iintlawulo. Inzala ihlanganiswa yonke imihla; izavenge zihlawulwa qho ngenyanga. Iinkqubo ezidibanisa ezi zinto zimbini zichaza ngendlela engeyiyo amanani okuvala ityala kunye namatyala asele ephuzile.
• Jongana nokusondezwa kwamanani kwisavenge sokugqibela. Ukusondeza kwidesimali ezimbini kwishedyuli kushiya intsalela, edla ngokufakwa kwintlawulo yokugqibela.
• Bala ngokutsha kuyo yonke isiganeko esitshintsha ibhalansi — ukuhlawula ngaphezulu, ukuhlengahlengisa, ukutshintsha kwereyithi, ukongezwa kwamatyala asele ephuzile kwinqununu — kwaye phinda ukhuphe ishedyuli.
• Sebenzisa inzala yamatyala asele ephuzile ngabom. Inzala eqhubekayo ukuhlanganiswa kwibhalansi ephuzileyo ayifani nentlawulo yesohlwayo, kwaye ezi zinto zimbini kufuneka zichazwe ngokwahlukeneyo kwaye zinikelwe ingxelo ngokwahlukeneyo.
• Caphula iireyithi zebhalansi enciphayo. Apho abakhuphisanayo becaphula ireyithi ethe tyaba, ukupapasha ireyithi elinganayo yebhalansi enciphayo okanye i-APR yinto yokwahlula yokwenene kubaboleki abanolwazi, kwaye ngokuya kuba yinto elindelwe ngabalawuli.