Intlawulo yebhaluni

Intlawulo yebhaluni sisixa-mali esikhulu esihlawulwa ekupheleni kwexesha lemboleko, esikhulu kakhulu kunezavenge eziqhelekileyo ezandulelayo. Kuvela ngenxa yokuba imali-mboleko ihlawulwa ngokungaphelelanga: iintlawulo ezicwangcisiweyo azihlawuli yonke imali eyintloko ngalo lonke ixesha lemboleko, ngoko ke intsalela yemali eyintloko ihlala ingekahlawulwa ekupheleni kwexesha kwaye kufuneka ihlawulwe ngentlawulo enye.

Injongo kukunciphisa isavenge esihlawulwa rhoqo. Ngokubekela bucala inxalenye yemali eyintloko ekupheleni, umbolekisi wehlisa imali ehlawulwa ngumboleki nyanga nganye — ngeendleko zoxanduva olunye olukhulu kamva kunye nenzala engaphezulu xa iyonke.

Imali-mboleko eyakhiwe ngolu hlobo ibizwa ngokuba yimali-mboleko yebhaluni. Apho ibhaluni imele ixabiso elilindelekileyo lokuthengiswa kwempahla exhaswa ngemali-mboleko, idla ngokubizwa ngokuba lixabiso lentsalela.

Yahluke njani kwezinye iindlela zokuhlawula

• Ihlawula ngokupheleleyo: Izavenge zihlawula inzala kunye nayo yonke imali eyintloko; akukho nto ihlawulwayo ekupheleni kwexesha (isavenge esiphezulu sesiqhelo).
• Ihlawula ngokungaphelelanga (ibhaluni): Izavenge zihlawula inzala kunye nenzalenye yemali eyintloko; intsalela yemali eyintloko ihlawulwa ekupheleni kwexesha (isavenge esiphantsi sesiqhelo).
• Inzala kuphela / ibhulethi: Izavenge zihlawula inzala kuphela; yonke imali eyintloko ihlawulwa ekupheleni kwexesha (isavenge esiphantsi kakhulu sesiqhelo).

Imali-mboleko yebhulethi yimeko egqithisileyo yebhaluni: akukho mali eyintloko ehlawulwayo kwaphela ngexesha lemboleko, kwaye i-100% ihlawulwa ekupheleni.

Izibalo

Uthelekiso lwenzuzo neendleko luchanekile kwaye kufanele lubonwe ngamanani.

Imeko. $30,000 ibolekwe iminyaka emi-5 nge 12% ngonyaka kusetyenziswa intsalela enciphayo.

Monthly rate = 0.12 ÷ 12 = 1.0%,  n = 60 months

Ihlawula ngokupheleleyo:

Instalment  = $667.29
Total paid  = 667.29 × 60 = $40,037
Interest    = $10,037
Owed at maturity = $0

Ngebhaluni ye-30% ($9,000):

Instalment  = $557.13
Total paid  = (557.13 × 60) + 9,000 = $42,428
Interest    = $12,428
Owed at maturity = $9,000

Isavenge sehla malunga ne-16.5%. Inzala iyonke inyuka malunga ne-$2,391.

Isizathu sicacile: i-$9,000 yemali eyintloko ihlala ingekahlawulwa kuyo yonke iminyaka emihlanu endaweni yokuhlawulwa ngokuthe chu, kwaye inzala ikhula kuyo ngalo lonke elo xesha. Umboleki akazange onge mali — uqeshe i-$9,000 iminyaka emihlanu kwaye usayityala.

Apho iindlela zebhaluni zisetyenziswa khona

• Inkxaso-mali yezithuthi kunye nee-asethi. Ibhaluni imiselwe ngokwexabiso elilindelekileyo lokuthengiswa kwe-asethi, ngoko ke izavenge zigubungela kuphela ukwehla kwexabiso umboleki akusebenzisayo ngokwenene.
• Ipropati yorhwebo. Imali-mboleko inokuhlawulwa ngokwecwangciso leminyaka engama-20 okanye engama-25 kodwa ivuthwe kwiminyaka emi-5 okanye esi-7, ishiya intsalela enkulu eza kuphinda ixhaswe ngemali okanye ihlawulwe ngokuthengisa.
• Inkxaso-mali yezixhobo. Ihambelana nomjikelo olindelekileyo wokutshintshwa okanye wokuphuculwa.
• Izibonelelo zebhulorho nezexeshana elifutshane. Zihlawulwa ngokupheleleyo ngesiganeko esichaziweyo sexesha elizayo — ukuthengiswa kwepropati, ukunyuswa kwemali eyinkunzi, ukukhutshwa kwesibonelelo.
• Ukubolekisa ngexesha lonyaka nakwezolimo. Izavenge ezincinci ngexesha lokukhula kwezityalo kodwa isixa esikhulu sihlawulwa emva kokuvuna, ukuhambelanisa intlawulo nexesha lokufika kwemali ngokwenene.

Isizathu esisemthethweni kwimeko nganye kukuhambelanisa ukuhamba kwemali: ukukwazi komboleki ukuhlawula akulingani, kwaye icwangciso lenziwe ukuze lilingane nako. Ibhaluni ifanelekile xa kukho umthombo wemali othile, onokuchongwa wokuyicima.

Iingozi

Imboleko yebhaluni ngokwenene ziimboleko ezimbini: enye ehlawulwa ngezavenge ngexesha, kunye nentelekelelo engabhalwanga malunga nokwenzekayo ekupheleni kwexesha. Umngcipheko usentelekelelweni.

Umngcipheko wokuphinda kuxhaswe ngemali. Uninzi lwababoleki bebhaluni lujonge ukuphinda luxhaswe ngemali kunokuba luhlawule ngekheshi. Oko kuthatha ukuba ikhredithi iya kufumaneka ngeemeko ezamkelekileyo kumhla osemva kweminyaka. Izinga lenzala linokuba phezulu, umdla wababolekisi usezantsi, kwaye imeko yezemali yomboleki ibe buthathaka. Umngcipheko wokuphinda kuxhaswe ngemali uphezulu kanye xa iimeko zimbi — nto leyo eyenzeka xa ababoleki abaninzi bejongana nawo ngaxeshanye.

Umngcipheko wexabiso lentsalela. Apho ibhaluni imiselwe ngokuchasene nexabiso elilindelekileyo le-asethi, intsalela enethemba eliphezulu ishiya umboleki kwi-equity engendawo: ibhaluni ingaphezu koko i-asethi inokukufumana. Ukuthengisa akulicimi ityala. Oku kuxhaphakile kwinkxaso-mali yezithuthi xa ukuhla kwexabiso kuhamba ngokukhawuleza kunokuba bekucingelwa.

Umothuko wentlawulo. Umboleki okhululekileyo nge-$557 ngenyanga usenokuba akenzanga lungiselelo lwe-$9,000 ngenyanga enye. Ngaphandle kwengxowa-mali yokonga okanye indlela ezinikeleyo yokuphuma, umhla wokuvuthwa ufika njengentlekele kunokuba ube sisiganeko.

Ukuxinana kwemihla yokuvuthwa, kumbolekisi. Yonke ingozi yemali iyahlangana ngomhla omnye endaweni yokuncipha ngokuthe ngcembe. Kwipotfoliyo, iibhaluni ezixineneyo kwixesha elinye zenza ukuxinana kwezigqibo zokuphinda kuxhaswe ngemali — kunye nothotho lwezicelo zokuhlengahlengisa ukuba iimeko zijikile.

Uxinzelelo lokuhlengahlengisa. Xa ibhaluni ingenakuhlawulwa, isiphumo esiqhelekileyo kukwandiswa kwexesha okanye ukubhalwa ngokutsha. Oko kuguqula intlawulo ecwangcisiweyo ibe luhlengahlengiso loxinzelelo, kunye neziphumo zokuhlelwa nokubekelwa bucala ezilandelayo.

Iinketho ekupheleni kwexesha

1. Yihlawule ngekheshi — ngokusuka kwiimali ezigciniweyo, kwingxowa-mali yokonga, okanye kwingeniso yesiganeko esasilindelwe yimali-mboleko.
2. Phinda uxhashe ngemali intsalela — isibonelelo esitsha esinexesha elongezelelweyo, ngokuxhomekeke ekubeni umboleki esafaneleka.
3. Thengisa i-asethi — kunokwenzeka kuphela ukuba ixabiso elinokufumaneka lingaphezulu kwebhaluni.
4. Buyisela i-asethi, apho isivumelwano siyivumelayo, njengakwamanye amalungiselelo enkxaso-mali yezithuthi acwangcisiweyo.
5. Hlengahlengisa — yindlela yokubuyela umva, kwaye yiyo ebonisa ukuba uqikelelo lokuphuma lwangaphambili lwasilela.

Oko ababolekisi bafanele ukukuhlola ekuqaliseni

Indlela yokuphuma kufuneka ihlolwe ekuqaleni, ingabi yinto efunyanwa ekupheleni kwexesha.

• Linganisa intlawulo yebhaluni ngaphantsi kwexabiso elisalayo elilindelekileyo, hayi kanye kulo, ushiye umda wokwehla kwexabiso ngokukhawuleza kunoko bekucingelwa.
• Bhala phantsi umthombo ocetywayo wokuhlawula ngokucacileyo — ukubolekwa kwakhona, ukuthengisa, okanye isiganeko esithile sokufumaneka kwemali — kwaye uhlole ukuba ingaba iyathembeka na.
• Vavanya amandla okubolekwa kwakhona phantsi koxinzelelo, hayi iimeko zangoku: ingaba lo mboleki unokufaneleka ngenqanaba eliphezulu lenzala kwimarike ebuthathaka?
• Khangela imfuno yengxowa-mali yokonga, apho umboleki eqokelela imali eya kwintlawulo yebhaluni ngexesha lemali-mboleko.
• Jonga ukuxinana kwexesha lokuvuthwa kwipotifoliyo yonke, ukuze iintlawulo zebhaluni zingadibani kwikota enye.
• Vavanya ngokutsha ixabiso le-asethi esisiseko ngamaxesha athile apho intlawulo yebhaluni inxulunyaniswe nexabiso elisalayo, kunokuba uxhomekeke kuqikelelo lokuqalisa
• Qhagamshelana kwangethuba ngaphambi kwexesha lokuvuthwa — kwiinyanga ezintandathu ukuya kwezilishumi elinambini ngaphambi kwexesha — ukuze ukubolekwa kwakhona okanye ukuthengisa kucwangciswe ngendlela elungeleleneyo.

Ukubhengezwa nolawulo

Ngenxa yokuba esi sakhiwo sivelisa izavenge eziphantsi kunye netyala elikhulu elirhoxisiweyo, ngumngcipheko owaziwayo wokuthengisa ngendlela engafanelekanga. Iimfuno eziqhelekileyo ziquka ukubhengezwa okucacileyo kwexabiso lentlawulo yebhaluni kunye nomhla wokuhlawula ngokwahlukileyo kwishedyuli yezavenge, ukubhengezwa kweendleko zizonke zetyala kuquka intlawulo yebhaluni, kwaye uvavanyo lokukwazi ukuhlawula ngokubhekiselele kwintlawulo yebhaluni kunokuba kube kwisavenge kuphela. Ezinye iindawo zolawulo ziyazithintela okanye ziyaziyalela izakhiwo zentlawulo yebhaluni kwiikredithi zabathengi, okanye zifuna ukuba umbolekisi abonise ukuba umboleki angakwazi ukuhlawula intlawulo yokugqibela. Imithetho ethile iyahluka ngokwemarike.