Imalimboleko yebhuloho

Imalimboleko yebhuloho yimali yesikhashana esetshenziselwa ukuvala igebe lezimali kuze kube umcimbi wesikhathi esizayo ochaziwe ukhulula imali yokuyikhokha. Inesibambiso sempahla, inentengo engaphezu kokubolekwa okuvamile kwesikhathi eside, futhi ihlelwa ngokushesha — ngokuvamile amasonto noma izinyanga kuneminyaka. Ibizwa nangokuthi imali yebhuloho, imalimboleko yebhuloho, noma imali yesikhashana.

Isici esichazayo akusiyona isikhathi sokukhokha noma izinga lenzalo. Ukuthi ukukhokhwa kwemali kuncike emcimbini othize ohlonziwe hhayi emalini engenayo eqhubekayo. Leso sici sisodwa sinquma ukuthi imalimboleko yebhuloho ihlolwa, inikezwa intengo futhi ilahleka.

Izici ezibalulekile

• Ubude besikhathi: Amasonto kuya ezinyangeni ezingama-24; ngokuvamile izinyanga ezi-3–12
• Isibambiso: Cishe ngaso sonke isikhathi inesibambiso, ngokuvamile ngesakhiwo noma enye impahla engadayiseka
• Ukucashunwa kwenzalo: Icashunwa njengezinga lanyanga zonke kunokuba izinga lonyaka.
• Ukukhokhwa phakathi nesikhathi: Ngokuvamile azikho izinkokhelo zanyanga zonke; inzalo iyagcinwa noma iyahlanganiswa.
• Ukukhokhwa kwenani eliyinhloko: Ngesamba esisodwa esiphelele ekugcineni, lisuka emcimbini wokuphuma.
• Isivinini sokuhlelwa: Izinsuku kuya emasontweni, kusheshe kakhulu kunokubolekwa kwesikhathi eside.
• Izindleko: Iphakeme kakhulu kunemalimboleko yesikhathi eside efanayo.
• Ukugxila ekuhlolweni: Ukuphuma, hhayi imali engenayo yomboleki.

Indlela imalimboleko yebhuloho esebenza ngayo

Umboleki udinga imali manje, futhi uyazi ngokuqiniseka okunengqondo ukuthi isamba esikhudlwana sifika kamuva. Imalimboleko yebhuloho ivala isikhathi esiphakathi.

Isimo esijwayelekile yilapho kuba nochungechunge lwezakhiwo. Umthengi usetholile isakhiwo futhi kufanele aqedele ukuthenga ngaphambi kokuba isakhiwo sakhe esikhona sidayiswe. Imalimboleko yebhuloho enesibambiso ngesakhiwo esisodwa noma zombili ixhasa ukuthenga; lapho isakhiwo esikhona sidayiswa, imali yokudayiswa ikhokha ibhuloho ngokuphelele. Umboleki ukhokhela isivinini nokuqiniseka, futhi wamukela izindleko eziphezulu isikhathi esifushane ngoba enye indlela ukuphuthelwa ukuthenga.

Ukusetshenziswa kwebhizinisi kulandela umqondo ofanayo. Inkampani elinde umzuliswano wokuxhaswa ngezimali oqinisekisiwe, isinxephezelo somshwalense, imbuyiselo yentela, ukuqedwa kokudayiswa kwempahla, noma ukudedelwa kwesibonelelo sesikhathi eside ingase ivale igebe ukuze imisebenzi noma ukuthengiselana kuqhubeke ngesikhathi.

Ukusebenza kwezomnotho kunengqondo kuphela esikhathini esifushane. Izinga lenzalo elibekezelelekayo ezinyangeni ezintathu liba yisijeziso ezinyangeni eziyishumi nesishiyagalombili, okuyisona sizathu sokuthi ukuboleka kwebhuloho kujezisa ukubambezeleka kanzima kakhulu kunokuboleka kwethemu.

Isu lokuphuma

Indlela yokuphuma yisenzakalo esibuyisela imali ebolekiwe. Yiyona nto ebaluleke kakhulu ekuthengiselwaneni kwebhuloho, futhi yiyona ehlukanisa ukuhlolwa kwebhuloho kuzo zonke ezinye izinhlobo.

Ukuboleka okuvamile kubuza: ingabe lo mboleki angasikhokha yini lesi sikweletu ngemali engenayo? Ukuboleka kwebhuloho kubuza: ingabe lesi senzakalo esithile sizokwenzeka, ngalesi simiso sesikhathi, futhi singakhiqiza yini okwanele ukukhokha ibhalansi?

Izindlela zokuphuma ezivamile:

• Ukudayiswa kwendawo eyisibambiso noma enye impahla
• Ukuboleka kabusha ngefasilithi yethemu uma umboleki noma impahla ifanelekele lokho.
• Ukutholwa kwesamba esaziwayo — umzuliswano wokuxhasa ngezimali, isivumelwano sezomthetho, ifa, ukukhishwa kwesibonelelo, inkokhelo yenkontileka.
• Ukuqedwa kwemisebenzi okwenza impahla ikwazi ukudayiswa noma ibekwe njengesibambiso semali ebolekiwe.

Ukuphuma okuthembekile kufakazelwa, akugcini ngokushiwo. Ababolekisi bafuna isivumelwano sokudayisa esisayiniwe, idokhumenti yemibandela esemthethweni esivela kumbolekisi oboleka kabusha, umyalo wenkantolo, noma ukuhlolwa kwenani okusekela inani lokudayisa elicatshangwayo. Ukuphuma okuchazwa ngokuthi "sizokudayisa" ngaphandle kobufakazi bokumaketha nangaphandle kokuhlolwa kwenani akukona ukuphuma; kuyithemba.

Ukulahlekelwa okuningi kwebhuloho kubangelwa ukwehluleka kokuphuma hhayi ukungathembeki komboleki. Ukudayisa kuyehluleka, ukuboleka kabusha kuyenqatshwa, imisebenzi iyadlula isikhathi, isivumelwano sezomthetho siyaphikiswa. Ababolekisi abahlakaniphile ngakho-ke bahlola ukuphuma kwesibili kanye nokuphuma kokuqala, futhi ababoleki abahlakaniphile kufanele babe nakho.

Amabhuloho avaliwe ngokumelene navulekile

Ibhuloho elivaliwe. Ukuphuma kuqinisekisiwe ngokwesivumelwano futhi kunosuku — ngokuvamile kuba yinkontileka yokudayisa eshintshiwe enosuku olumisiwe lokuqedwa. Ngenxa yokuthi usuku lokukhokha luyaziwa, amabhuloho avaliwe ashibhile futhi kulula ukuwathola.

Ibhuloho elivulekile. Alikho usuku lokuphuma olumisiwe. Umboleki ulindele ukudayisa noma ukuboleka kabusha kodwa akanaso isibopho esibophezelayo. Linentengo ephakeme, lihlolwa kanzima, futhi ngokuvamile linomkhawulo we-loan-to-value (LTV) ophansi ngoba umbolekisi uthwala ubungozi besikhathi kanye nobungozi besikweletu.

Umehluko yiwona mshayeli oyedwa omkhulu wentengo ngemva kwe-LTV.

Isibambiso sokuqala nesesibili

Ibhuloho lesibambiso sokuqala lihamba phambili kuzo zonke ezinye izibambiso phezu kwempahla. Ibhuloho lesibambiso sesibili lihlala ngemuva kwemortgage esivele ikhona noma ifasilithi, futhi likhokhwa kuphela ngemva kokuba umbolekisi oseqhulwini enelisekile.

Ukuboleka ngesibambiso sesibili kunentengo ephakeme kakhulu, ngoba isivikelo se-equity esitholakala kumbolekisi wesibili yilokho okusele ngemva kokukhishwa kwesibambiso sokuqala, futhi sishabalala kuqala emakethe eyehlayo. Isibambiso sesibili futhi ngokuvamile sidinga imvume yombolekisi oseqhulwini.

Isakhiwo sezindleko

Izindleko zoxhaso lwebhuloho zinezendlalelo, futhi ukuqhathanisa amazinga ayinhloko kuphela kuyadukisa.

Inzalo. Kucashunwe ngenyanga. Izinga lanyanga zonke lapho lihlanganiswa liba isibalo sonyaka esikhulu kakhulu kunalokho ababoleki abavame ukukucabanga, futhi igebe liyakhula uma isikhathi sinwetshwa.

Inkokhelo yokuhlela noma inkokhelo yefasilithi. Ikhokhiswa lapho imali idonswa, ngokuvamile njengephesenti lenani lemali ebolekiwe.

Inkokhelo yokuphuma. Ikhokhiswa ekubuyiselweni kwemali ngabanye ababolekisi, ngezinye izikhathi njengephesenti lemali ebolekiwe kanti ngezinye njengephesenti lenani lesakhiwo.

Izindleko zokuhlola inani nezomthetho. Ezombolekisi nezomboleki, ezikhokhwa kungakhathaliseki ukuthi imali ebolekiwe iyagcwaliseka noma cha.

Inkokhelo yomlamuli, lapho umlamuli ahlele khona ukuboleka.

Inzalo yokwehluleka ukukhokha. Izinga eliphakeme kakhulu elisebenza uma imali ebolekiwe yeqa isikhathi sayo. Njengoba ukweqa isikhathi kuyinkinga evame kakhulu ekubolekeni kwebhuloho, lo mbandela ufanele ukufundwa ngokucophelela.

Izindlela ezintathu zokuphathwa kwenzalo:

• Inzalo ekhokhwayo — ikhokhwa njalo ngenyanga ngokusuka ekugelezeni kwemali komboleki ngokwakhe. Idinga imali engenayo engabonakalayo.
• Inzalo enqwabelanayo — iyanqwabelana futhi ikhokhwa kanye nesamba esiyinhloko ekugcineni. Akukho lutho oluphuma esikhwameni somboleki phakathi nesikhathi, kodwa ibhalansi iyakhula.
• Inzalo ebanjiwe — umbolekisi udonsa inzalo yesikhathi sonke emalini ebolekiwe ekuqaleni. Umboleki uthola okungaphansi kwenani eligcwele, futhi noma iyiphi ingxenye engasetshenziswanga ngokuvamile iyabuyiselwa uma ekhokha ngaphambi kwesikhathi.

Inzalo ebanjiwe iyindlela evame kakhulu, futhi yingakho inani elitholwayo ngempela lihlala lingaphansi kwenani lemali ebolekiwe okuvunyelwene ngalo.

Imalimboleko yebhuloho uma iqhathaniswa nezinye izimali zesikhathi esifushane

• Imalimboleko yebhuloho: Ibuyiselwa ngokusuka esenzakalweni esisodwa esichaziwe. Ivikelwe ngempahla (ngokuvamile isakhiwo). Isetshenziselwa ukuvala igebe lesikhathi ngaphambi kokuthengisa, ukuboleka kabusha, noma ukwamukela imali.
• Imalimboleko yethemu: Ibuyiselwa ngokusuka emalini engenayo eqhubekayo phakathi neminyaka. Isibambiso siyahlukahluka. Isetshenziselwa uxhaso lwesikhathi eside lwempahla noma ukunwetshwa.
• I-overdraft: Ibuyiselwa ngokusuka emalini engenayo yokuhweba eguquguqukayo. Ngokuvamile ayinasibambiso noma inesibambiso esintantayo. Isetshenziselwa ukwehlukahluka kwemali yokusebenza yansuku zonke.
• Imali yama-invoyisi: Ibuyiselwa ngokukhokhwa kwama-invoyisi athile. Ivikelwe yizikweletu ezilindelekile ngokwazo. Isetshenziselwa izikhala eziphindekayo phakathi kokukhishwa kwama-invoyisi nokukhokha.
• Imali yokuthuthukisa: Ibuyiselwa ngokuthengiswa noma ukuxhaswa kabusha ngezimali kwephrojekthi eqediwe. Ivikelwe yisiza kanye nemisebenzi. Isetshenziselwa ukuxhasa ukwakhiwa ngokukhishwa kwezimali ngezigaba.

Okuseduze kakhulu ukuxhaswa ngezimali zokuthuthukisa, okuwukuthi empeleni kuyimali yebhuloho ekhishwa ngezigaba ngokuya ngenqubekelaphambili yokwakha futhi esekelwe enanini eliphelele lokuthuthukisa kunenani lamanje.

Ukuhlola imali mboleko yebhuloho

Inani lempahla kanye ne-LTV. Inani lemakethe lamanje, futhi ngokuvamile inani elihlukile lezinsuku ezingama-90 noma lokuthengiswa okuphoqelelwe elibonisa lokho impahla engakuthola ngaphansi kwengcindezi yesikhathi. Ama-LTV ebhuloho ayagcina ngokucophelela ngoba umbolekisi kungase kudingeke athengise ngokushesha.

Isikhundla sesibambiso. Esokuqala noma esesibili, kanye nebhalansi esele kusibambiso esiphambili kunesinye.

Ukuthembeka kwendlela yokuphuma. Ubufakazi obubhaliwe bendlela yokuphuma, isikhathi sayo, kanye nesamba esizosikhiqiza, kunesikhala esanele ngaphezu kwesibalo sokubuyiselwa kwemali.

Ukukhethwa kwesikhathi. Isikhathi esanele sokuthi ukuphuma kuqedwe kunesikhala. Izimali mboleko ezibhalelwe uhlelo lwezikhathi olufushane kakhulu olungenzeka zidlula isikhathi njalo.

Ikhono lomboleki. Akugxile kangako emholweni kodwa kugxile ekutheni umboleki angakwazi yini ukufeza ukuphuma — umlando wokusebenza ezivumelwaneni ezifanayo, izinga labeluleki abangochwepheshe, ulwazi ngohlobo lwempahla.

Ukuphuma kwesibili. Yini ekhokhela imali mboleko uma ukuphuma okuyinhloko kwehluleka.

Ukuphoqelelwa okusemthethweni. Ukuthi isithakazelo sesibambiso sifezekisiwe ngendlela efanele yini nokuthi ukuphoqelela kungathatha isikhathi esingakanani endaweni yesifunda efanele. Ezimakethe lapho ukuguqula isibambiso kuthatha iminyaka, inani lesibambiso elisebenzayo liba liphansi kakhulu kunalokho okuboniswa ukuhlolwa kwenani.

Izingozi

Kwababolekayo:

• Ukwehluleka kokuphuma. Uma ukuthengiswa kuwa noma ukuxhaswa kabusha kwenqatshiwe, imali mboleko ifinyelela isikhathi sokukhokhwa. Inzalo yokwehluleka ukhokha iyasebenza, futhi impahla ebambisiwe isengozini.
• Izindleko zokudlula isikhathi. Inzalo egoqwayo kanye namazinga okwehluleka ukukhokha akhula ngokushesha kusikhungo semali esinqunywe intengo yezinyanga ezimbalwa.
• Ukuthengiswa okuphoqelelwe ngaphansi kwenani. Ukuthengiswa okuphoqelelwe akuvamile ukufinyelela amanani emakethe evulekile.
• Ukubukela phansi izindleko eziphelele. Izimali zokuhlela, zokuphuma, zokuhlola inani nezomthetho zihlangene zingadlula inzalo yesikhungo esifushane.

Kwababolekisayo:

• Ukugxila kakhulu ohlotsheni olulodwa lwempahla. Amabhuku ebhuloho ngokuvamile agxile kakhulu ezakhiweni, ngakho ukwehla kwemakethe kushaya yonke iphothifoliyo ngasikhathi sinye.
• Ingozi yokuhlolwa kwenani. Ukuboleka ngebhuloho kuncike ngokuphelele ekunembeni kokuhlolwa kwenani kunokuboleka okusekelwe emholweni, ngoba ukuhlolwa kwenani kuyisona sibambiso sonke.
• Ukwelulwa kwesikhathi okuqhubekayo. Ukuvuselela isibonelelo semali esikhundleni sokuphoqelela kungaguqula ukuchayeka kwesikhashana kube ukuchayeka kwesikhathi eside okungakaze kucutshungulwe ngaleyo ndlela.
• Izindleko zokuphoqelela nokubambezeleka. Isimo somthetho esiqinile sinenzuzo encane lapho ukudayiswa kwempahla kuthatha iminyaka.

Lapho umboleko webhuloho ufaneleka, nalapho ungafaneleki

Ukufaneleka okunengqondo: ukwehluka kwesikhathi okuyiqiniso, okunendlela yokuphuma ebhalwe phansi, iwindi elifushane, nempahla enetayitela elicacile nemakethe ethembekile.

Ukungafaneleki kahle: ukumboza ukushoda okungenayo indlela yokuphuma ehlonziwe, ukuxhasa ngezimali ukulahlekelwa okuqhubekayo kokusebenza, noma ukuthatha indawo yoxhaso lwesikhathi eside umboleki angakwazi ukuluthola. Esimweni sokugcina, ibhuloho limane lihlehlisa inkinga yokuhlolwa kwesikweletu ngezindleko eziphezulu, futhi indlela yokuphuma — ukubolekwa kabusha — iyona kanye into umboleki asevele ehluleke ukuyithola.