Iziko lereferensi yetyala

I-credit reference bureau (CRB) ngumbutho onelayisensi oqokelela ulwazi ngababoleki kubabolekisi nakwabanye ababoneleli ngedatha, uze uluhlanganise ulwazi lube ziingxelo zetyala zomntu ngamnye, kwaye ezo ngxelo zifumaneke kumabolekisi ahlola isicelo setyala. Uninzi lwee-bureaus lukwabala inqaku letyala — isishwankathelo samanani solwazi olukwingxelo.

I-bureau ayibolekisi, kwaye ayivumi okanye ayikhabi izicelo. Ingumlamli wolwazi: iqokelela indlela yokuziphatha ekuhlawuleni ebinokuhlala kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo ezizimeleyo ngaphakathi kumbolekisi ngamnye, kwaye ibuyise ngendlela enokusetyenziswa nguye nawuphi na umbolekisi ogunyazisiweyo.

Eli gama lisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiimarike ezibunjwe sisithethe solawulo sase-UK, kubandakanya uninzi lweAfrika noMzantsi Asia. Amagama afanayo aquka credit bureau, credit information company kwaye, e-United States, consumer reporting agency.

Kutheni ii-credit reference bureaus zikho

Ukubolekisa kuyingxaki yolwazi olungalinganiyo: umboleki uyayazi imbali yakhe yokuhlawula nezibophelelo zakhe ezikhoyo; umbolekisi akazi. Ngaphandle kwengxelo ekwabelwanayo, iintsilelo ezintathu ziyalandela.

• Ukukhetha okungalunganga. Umbolekisi ongakwaziyo ukwahlula ababoleki abalungileyo kwababi kufuneka abeke ixabiso ngokomyinge, nto leyo ebiza kakhulu ababoleki abathembekileyo ize itsale abanobungozi.
• Ingozi yokuziphatha. Ukuba ukusilela ukuhlawula akunaziphumo ngaphaya kobudlelwane nombolekisi omnye, inkuthazo yokubuyisela imali iyancipha.
• Ukutshoneka ematyaleni okungabonakaliyo. Umboleki unokuthatha iimali-mboleko kubabolekisi abahlanu ngaxeshanye, kwaye akukho namnye kubo obabonayo abanye abane.

I-bureau ijongana nazo zontathu. Iguqula ingxelo yokuhlawula yomboleki ibe isibambiso sodumo esiphathwayo — iasethi umboleki ayithwalayo phakathi kwababolekisi, ebaluleke ngokukodwa kubaboleki abangenayo isibambiso esibonakalayo ukusibambisa.

Yeyiphi idatha egcinwe yi-credit reference bureau.

Ukuqukwa kuyahluka ngokommandla wolawulo nangoko kuvunyelwa ngumthetho, kodwa ifayile eqhelekileyo iqulethe:

• Idatha yesazisi — igama, inombolo yesazisi kazwelonke, umhla wokuzalwa, imbali yedilesi, umqeshi
• Idatha yeakhawunti yetyala — umbolekisi, uhlobo lweakhawunti, umhla wokuvulwa, isixa sokuqala, ibhalansi yangoku, umda wetyala, imiqathango yokuhlawula
• Imbali yokuhlawula — irekhodi yenyanga ngenyanga yokuba isavenge ngasinye sahlawulwa ngexesha, kunye nenqanaba letyala elingahlawulwanga apho kungazange kuhlawulwe khona.
• Iirekhodi ezimbi — ukusilela ukuhlawula, ukucinywa kwamatyala, ukuhlengahlengiswa, iiakhawunti eziphantsi kokuqokelelwa, ukuhluthwa kwempahla
• Idatha yeerekhodi zikawonke-wonke — izigwebo zenkundla, ukubhanga kunye neenkqubo zokungakwazi ukuhlawula amatyala, apho kuvunyelwe khona
• Imbali yokubuza — ukuba bobaphi ababolekisi abakhangela ifayile kwaye nini
• Idatha engenye, kwezinye iimarike — imbali yemali yeefowuni, iiakhawunti zetelecom ezihlawulwa emva kokusetyenziswa, iintlawulo zeenkonzo zasekhaya, ityala lokuthenga kunye nerenti

Iibureau ngokubanzi azigcini isizathu sokwaliwa kwemali-mboleko, umvuzo womboleki okanye iibhalansi zokonga, okanye iinkcukacha zentengiselwano yeakhawunti.

Indlela idatha ehamba ngayo

1. Ukungeniswa. Ababolekisi abanelayisensi bangenisa idatha yomboleki kunye neyeakhawunti kwi-bureau ngomjikelezo oqhelekileyo, ngokuqhelekileyo rhoqo ngenyanga, ngefomathi emiselweyo. Kwiindawo ezininzi zolawulo oku kungeniswa kusisibophelelo esisemthethweni, hayi ukhetho lwezorhwebo — kwaye ukuphindisela kuyasebenza: umbolekisi ongafaki datha akayifumani datha.
2. Ukuthelekisa. I-bureau ithelekisa iirekhodi ezingenayo iifayile ezikhoyo isebenzisa izazisi ezifana nenombolo yesazisi sikazwelonke. Umgangatho wokuthelekisa ngowona nto ibalulekileyo echaphazela ukuthembeka kwedatha.
3. Ukuhlanganiswa. Iirekhodi zidityaniswa zibe yifayile enye kumboleki ngamnye kubo bonke ababolekisi abafaka idatha.
4. Ukubuza. Umbolekisi ucela ingxelo, ngokuqhelekileyo ngemvume yomboleki kwaye rhoqo ngenjongo echazwe ngokusemthethweni evumelekileyo — ekuvavanyeni isicelo setyala, ukuphonononga iakhawunti ekhoyo, okanye ukuqokelela amatyala.
5. Ukunika amanqaku. Apho kunikezelwa khona, imodeli yezibalo iguqula ifayile ibe linqaku elihlela amathuba okusilela ukuhlawula.
6. Isigqibo. Umbolekisi udibanisa ingxelo novavanyo lwakhe. I-bureau inikezela ngolwazi; isigqibo setyala sihlala sisesombolekisi.

Ingxelo yetyala eyakhayo ngokuchasene nengalunganga

Lo mahluko umisela ukuba i-bureau iluncedo kangakanani ngenene.

Ingxelo engalunganga kuphela ibamba ukusilela ukuhlawula, amatyala angekahlawulwa nokucinywa kwamatyala. Isebenza njengoluhlu lwabavaliweyo: ifayile ixelela umbolekisi ukuba ngubani osileleyo, kodwa ayithethi nto ngokuba ngubani ophumeleleyo. Umboleki oneminyaka elishumi elinesihlanu yokuhlawula ngokugqibeleleyo ubonakala efana nomboleki ongazange aboleke.

Ingxelo yefayile epheleleyo (entle nembi) ibamba ii-akhawunti ezisebenza kakuhle ngokunjalo — iibhalansi, imida, neentlawulo ezihlawulwa ngexesha. Oku kwenza umbolekisi abone ukuhlawula okungaguquguqukiyo, ukuvezwa okupheleleyo kwangoku kubo bonke ababolekisi, nokusetyenziswa kwetyala.

Isiphumo esibonakalayo kukuba ingxelo yefayile epheleleyo iyalwandisa ukufikelela kwityala, kuba ababoleki abalungileyo banokubonisa ukuba balungile. Iinkqubo ezigxile kokubi kuphela zinokukhupha kuphela. Uninzi lwabalawuli luye lwatshintshela kwingxelo yefayile epheleleyo ngesi sizathu, nangona utshintsho luhlala lungaphelelanga.

Ingxelo yetyala ngokuchasene nenqaku letyala

• Yintoni yona: Ingxelo yetyala yirekhodi esisiseko yee-akhawunti nendlela yokuhlawula; inqaku letyala lishwankathelo lamanani laloo rekhodi.
• Iveliswa ngu: Iingxelo zihlanganiswa yi-bureau ngokusuka kwiinkcukacha ezithunyelwa ngababolekisi; amanqaku aveliswa ziimodeli zeenkcukacha-manani ezisebenza kule ngxelo.
• Isetyenziselwa: Iingxelo zisetyenziselwa ukuphononongwa okuneenkcukacha, ukuqinisekiswa, nokuhlolwa kokuvezwa; amanqaku enza kube lula ukuhlela ngokukhawuleza, izigqibo ezizenzekelayo, kwaye amaxabiso asekelwe kumngcipheko.
• Iyahluka ngokwe: Iingxelo ziyahluka ngokuxhomekeke ekubeni ngabaphi ababolekisi abanikela ngeenkcukacha; amanqaku ayahluka ngokwemodeli ethile esetyenziswe kwifayile.

Inqaku letyala lucinezelo lwengxelo yetyala. Ii-bureau ezimbini ezineenkcukacha ezahluke kancinane, okanye ezisebenzisa iimodeli ezahlukileyo, ziyakuvelisa amanqaku awohlukileyo kumboleki omnye — yiloo nto ababolekisi bahlala befumana ngaphezu kwelinye kwaye yiloo nto inqaku letyala lilodwa lingafane libe sisigqibo esipheleleyo.

I-bureau yereferensi yetyala ngokuchasene nerejistri yetyala

Ezi zinto zimbini zihlala zibhidaniswa kuba zombini zigcina iinkcukacha zetyala.

• Ubunini: Ii-bureau zidla ngokuba ngamaqumrhu abucala anelayisensi; iirejistri zidla ngokuqhutywa ngokuthe ngqo yibhanki ephakathi.
• Injongo ephambili: Ii-bureau zixhasa izigqibo zokubolekisa kwezorhwebo; iirejistri zijolise ekongameleni iibhanki nasekubekeni iliso kumngcipheko wenkqubo.
• Ukuqukwa: Ii-bureau zidla ngokuquka iimali-mboleko zazo zonke iisayizi kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zababolekisi; iirejistri zihlala zilandelela kuphela ukuvezwa okungaphezulu komda osemthethweni.
• Ukufikelela kwiinkcukacha: Ii-bureau zabelana ngeenkcukacha nababolekisi abanikela ngeenkcukacha ngeenjongo ezivumelekileyo; iirejistri zikhonza ngokuyintloko abalawuli, ngofikelelo olulinganiselweyo lwababolekisi.

Amazwe amaninzi aqhuba zombini. Irejistri ikhonza umlawuli; i-bureau ikhonza imarike.

Amalungelo abathengi nolawulo

Ingxelo yetyala ilawulwa kuba iinkcukacha zezobuqu, zineziphumo kwaye zithanda ukuba neempazamo. Ukhuseleko oluqhelekileyo olusemthethweni lubandakanya:

• Ilungelo lokufikelela — ababoleki banokufumana ingxelo yabo, edla ngokuba simahla ubuncinane kanye ngonyaka
• Ilungelo lokuphikisa — amarekhodi angachanekanga kufuneka aphandwe kwixesha elimiselweyo aze alungiswe okanye asuswe
• Imida yokugcinwa — ulwazi olubi luyasuswa emva kwexesha elimiselweyo, ngokuqhelekileyo malunga neminyaka emihlanu ukuya kwesixhenxe, ukuze ukusilela kwangaphambili kungamlandeli umboleki ngonaphakade.
• Injongo evumelekileyo nemvume — ingxelo inokukhutshwa kuphela ngezizathu ezichaziweyo, ngokuqhelekileyo kufuneka kubekho imvume yomboleki
• Isaziso ngesenzo esibi — apho isigqibo sisekelwe kwiinkcukacha ze-bureau, umboleki uyaxelelwa, aze axelelwe ukuba yeyiphi i-bureau eyinikezele ngayo.
• Ukuthotyelwa kokukhuselwa kwedatha — izibophelelo zokuchaneka, zokhuseleko nokunciphisa phantsi komthetho wobumfihlo zisebenza kunye nemithetho yokuxela amatyala

Amalungelo athile, amaxesha okugcinwa kunye nemigangatho amiselwa kuzwelonke kwaye ahluka kakhulu phakathi kwemimandla yolawulo.

Imida

• Ukuqukwa okuncinane. Kwiimarike apho ukubolekisa okuninzi kungahlelekanga, isixa esikhulu sababoleki asinayo ifayile kwaphela — "abangabonakaliyo kwi-credit." I-bureau ayinako ukunceda umboleki engazange imbone.
• Iimpazamo zokudibanisa izazisi. Apho ukuchongwa kuzwelonke kubuthathaka okanye amagama ahlala efana, iirekhodi zinokudityaniswa kwifayile engeyiyo okanye zahlulwe phakathi kweefayile ezininzi. Iifayile ezixubeneyo ziphakathi kwezona mpazamo zonakalisayo kwaye ezinzima kakhulu ukuzilungisa.
• Umgangatho wedatha emthonjeni. I-bureau inokuchaneka kuphela kangangoko luchanekile ulwazi olungeniswa ngababolekisi. Ukungeniswa emva kwexesha, okungabhalwanga kakuhle okanye okungachanekanga kudlulela ngqo kwiingxelo.
• Ukulibaziseka. Imijikelo yokungeniswa yenyanga nenyanga ithetha ukuba ingxelo inokuba indala ngeeweeki ezininzi — ixesha elide ngokwaneleyo lokuba umboleki athathe iimali-mboleko ezininzi ezintsha ezingekabonakali.
• Isiphumo se-blacklist. Kwiinkqubo ezinolwazi olubi kuphela, ukungahlawuli nje okuncinci kunokumkhupha umboleki ngokupheleleyo kwi-credit esemthethweni, kungekho ndlela yokubonisa ukuziphatha okuhle kamva.
• Inxaxheba engaphelelanga. Ukuba ababolekisi bedijithali, ababolekisi abangekho sikweni okanye ii-SACCO banganikeli ngxelo, umfanekiso wokuba sesichengeni awuphelelanga kwaye ukuba namatyala ngokugqithiseleyo kuhlala kungabonakali.