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Ingxowankulu

Inkcazo

Ingxowankulu yimali ebolekiweyo, ekubizwa inzala kuyo. Ziintlawulo zengxowankulu kuphela ezinciphisa yona — iintlawulo zenzala azikhe zenze njalo.

Inqununu yimali eyintloko ebolekiweyo — isixa ekubalwa kuso inzala. Yahlukile kwinzala, kwiintlawulo, kwizohlwayo nakwiiprimiyamu ze-inshorensi, zonke ezo zizintlawulo phezu okanye ecaleni kwenqununu kunokuba ziyinxalenye yayo.

Ikwabizwa ngokuba yinqununu, ibhalansi yenqununu, inqununu eshiyekileyo okanye, kwezinye iindawo zomthetho, corpus.

Umgaqo ochazayo, nowona uhlala ungaqondwa kakuhle: kuphela iintlawulo zenqununu zithoba inqununu. Iintlawulo zenzala, nokuba zinkulu kangakanani, azithobi nto. Umboleki angahlawula iminyaka kodwa asenetyala lesixa esipheleleyo sokuqala ukuba iintlawulo zakhe bezisoloko zihlawula inzala kuphela.

Qaphela: "principal" ikwanentsingiselo engenanxulumano kwezomthetho nakwezorhwebo — iqela egameni lalo i-arhente isebenza, okanye umnini weshishini. Eli phepha liphathelene nenqununu njengesixa semali ye-mboleko.

Iinguqulelo ezintlanu zenqununu

Amaxwebhu emboleko abhekisa kwi-"principal" kwiindawo ezininzi ezahlukeneyo kubomi bemboleko, kwaye azifane zibe linani elifanayo. Ukuzibhida ngumthombo weengxabano ezininzi ngebhalansi.

  • Inqununu yobuso / yoqobo — Isixa esichazwe kwisivumelwano (inani lekhontrakthi).
  • Inqununu ekhutshiweyo eseleyo — Into ayifumene ngokwenene umboleki (incinci apho iintlawulo zatsalwa khona).
  • Inqununu eshiyekileyo — Into eshiyekileyo ingekahlawulwa ngomhla othile (yehla ngentlawulo nganye yenqununu).
  • Inqununu eyongezelelweyo — Isixa sokuqala kunye nezongezo ezenziwe kamva (yenyuka ngenzala eyongezelelweyo, iintsalela ezingekahlawulwa okanye iintlawulo).
  • Isixa esithwalwayo — Ibhalansi njengoko inikelwe kwiincwadi (ihlengahlengiswe ngeentlawulo ezirhoxisiweyo kunye nezibonelelo zelahleko).

Ubuso ngokuchasene neseleyo

Apho intlawulo yokuqalisa ithatyathwa xa kukhutshwa imali, umboleki usayina isixa esinye aze afumane esinye:

Loan agreement:  $5,000
Fee deducted:      $150
Received:        $4,850

Interest is charged on $5,000. Principal owed is $5,000.

Umboleki unetyala kwaye uhlawula inzala kwimali angazange abe nayo. Oku kusemthethweni xa kucacisiwe, kwaye kusisikhalazo esiqhelekileyo xa kungacaciswanga.

Indlela yokuncipha kwemali eyintloko

Imali eyintloko yehla kuphela xa intlawulo ifikelela kuyo — kwaye ukuba intlawulo iyafikelela na kuyo kuxhomekeke kulandelelwano lweentlawulo, oludla ngokusebenzisa imali ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

1. Fees and charges
2. Penalty interest / arrears
3. Accrued interest
4. Principal

Iziphumo ezithathu ziyalandela:

  • Intlawulo ehlawula inzala kuphela ayinciphisi nto. Ibhalansi iyafana ngenyanga elandelayo.
  • Intlawulo kwi-akhawunti esemva kweentlawulo inokungaze ifikelele kumali eyintloko, kuba iimirhumo kunye nenzala eshiyekileyo ziyithatha kuqala.
  • Intlawulo engaphezulu kufuneka isetyenziswe kumali eyintloko ngokucacileyo. Ukuba igcinwa njengesavenge esihlawulwa kwangaphambili okanye ihlala ingabelwanga, imali eyintloko ayishukumi kwaye akukho nzala yongwayo.

Ubungakanani besavenge ngasinye obufikelela kumali eyintloko buxhomekeke kwindlela yenzala. Kwimali-mboleko enebhalansi enciphayo isahlulo semali eyintloko siyakhula ekuhambeni kwexesha njengoko isahlulo senzala sincipha. Kulwakhiwo lwemali eyintloko elinganayo sisoloko sinjalo. Ishedyuli yokuhlawula ibeka oku ngentlawulo ngentlawulo.

Yintoni eyenza imali eyintloko inyuke

Imali eyintloko ayihambi kwicala elinye kuphela. Iindlela ezininzi ziyongeza kuyo.

  • Amatyala asemva afakwe kwimali eyintloko — Izavenge ezingahlawulwanga zongezwa kwibhalansi.
  • Ukuhlanganiswa kwexesha lobabalo — Inzala eqokelelanayo ngexesha lokuyekiswa kweentlawulo yongezwa kumali eyintloko.
  • Iimirhumo neepremiyamu ezifakwe kwimali-mboleko — Iintlawulo zokuqalisa okanye i-inshorensi zongezwa endaweni yokuthatyathwa.
  • Ukudityaniswa ngokongeza — Ibhalansi endala ihlawulwa ngemboleko entsha enkulu.
  • Ukuncitshiswa kwetyala okungalunganga — Isavenge esingonelanga ukugubungela inzala eqokelelanayo.

Ukuncitshiswa kwetyala okungalunganga

Le yeyona meko yonakalisayo. Xa isavenge esicwangcisiweyo sincinci kunezala eqokelelanayo, intsilelo yongezwa kumali eyintloko kwaye ibhalansi iyakhula nangona umboleki esenza zonke iintlawulo.

Oku kwenzeka kwiishedyuli zokunyuka okubukhali ezilayishwe kakhulu ngasemva, kwiimveliso zenzala eguquguqukayo emva kokunyuka okukhulu kwezinga lenzala xa isavenge singalungiswanga, nangexesha lokuyekiswa ngokupheleleyo kweentlawulo. Umboleki ohlawule ngenkuthalo unyaka wonke aze abe netyala elingaphezulu kunelo aqala ngalo uye wahlangana nalo phantse ngalo lonke ixesha.

Ngenxa yokuba isiphumo singabonakali kwisixa sentlawulo kwaye sibonakala kuphela kwibhalansi, kufuneka sichazwe ngokucacileyo ekuqalekeni kwaye sibekwe iliso ngexesha letyala.

Inqununu eseleyo xa kuthelekiswa nesixa esityalwayo

Ezi ayingomanani afanayo, kwaye ukuwaxuba kubangela iingxabano zokuhlawula.

Kwimali-mboleko yebhalansi enciphayo ubudlelwane bucacile:

Amount owed ≈ outstanding principal + interest accrued since last payment

Yiyo loo nto inani lokuhlawula elithathwe phakathi enyangeni ligqitha ibhalansi yengxelo yokugqibela.

Kwi iimali-mboleko zenzala ethe tyaba ayicacanga kwaphela. Inqununu eseleyo ayinakuphikiswa — inqununu yoqobo kuthathwe leyo ehlawulweyo — kodwa inzala iyonke yayimiselwe kwasekuqalekeni, ngoko ke into ayityalayo umboleki xa ehlawula kwangoko ixhomekeke ngokupheleleyo kumgaqo-nkqubo wesaphulelo wombolekisi. Ababoleki badla ngokucinga ukuba ibhalansi yimali ehlawulwayo iyonke kuthathwe iintlawulo ezenziweyo, inani elibandakanya inzala engekafumaneki kwaye ingeyiyo into abayityalayo.

Inqununu kubalo-mali

Ibhalansi yenqununu exelwa ngumbolekisi ayithethi ukuba yinqununu yesivumelwano.

  • Isixa esipheleleyo esithwalwayo — inqununu yesivumelwano ehlengahlengisiweyo ngeefizi ezingekathotywa neendleko zentengiselwano, kuba iifizi zokuqalisa zibekelwa bucala zifakwe kwi zinga lenzala elisebenzayo kunokuba zamkelwe kwangoko.
  • Iindleko ezithotyiweyo — isixa esipheleleyo esithwalwayo kuthathwe nayiphi na isibonelelo selahleko.
  • Isixa esithwalwayo esishiyekileyo — into evela kwiphepha lomncono emva kokonakala kwexabiso.

Kwiityala ezonakeleyo, inzala ibalwa kwi isixa esithwalwayo esishiyekileyo kunokuba ibalwe kwesipheleleyo, nto leyo ethetha ukuba ingeniso yenzala exeliweyo yohluka kwenzala yesivumelwano kwinqununu.

Kutheni iinkcazelo zenqununu zibalulekile ekusebenzeni

Inqununu eseleyo sisiseko sokubala kwiimetriki ezininzi zepotfoliyo — umlinganiselo wamatyala angahlawulwanga, ipotfoliyo esemngciphekweni, ukugqunywa kwesibonelelo, isivuno, imida yogxininiso. Ukuba inqununu ichazwa ngokungangqinelaniyo kwiinkqubo, onke amanani alandelayo aphosakele ngendlela ekunzima ukuyilandelela.

Iingongoma ezithile ekufuneka zicaciswe ngokucacileyo:

  • Ngaba inzala efakwe kwinqununu ibalwa njengenqununu? Iziphatha njengenqununu — itsala inzala — kodwa ukuyilandela ngokwahlukileyo kugcina ukukwazi ukubona ukuba ingakanani ipotfoliyo eyimali-mboleko yoqobo xa ithelekiswa namatyala aqengqiweyo.
  • Ngaba iifizi neepremiyamu ezifakwe kwimali-mboleko zibandakanyiwe? Zonyusa isixa-mali esibolekiweyo kwaye kufuneka zibonakale ngolo hlobo.
  • Ngaba inqununu ixelwa njengepheleleyo okanye kuthathwe iifizi ezibekelwe bucala? Ukunika ingxelo ngokomthetho nangolawulo kunokufuna iziseko ezahlukeneyo.
  • Ungaze usebenzise iirisithi ezingabelwanga ukunciphisa inqununu. Zigcine ngokwahlukileyo de zisetyenziswe, okanye iibhalansi ziya kungachaneki.
  • Ngqinelanisa inqununu neleja jikelele ngomjikelo omiselweyo. Incwadi yemali-mboleko engahambelaniyo neleja yingxaki yongqinelaniso eza kuba yinto efunyenwe kuphicotho.

Indlela yokuhlawulwa kwenqununu