Inkokhelo yebhaluni

Inkokhelo ye-balloon iyisamba esikhulu esikhokhwa kanyekanye esifuneka ekupheleni kwesikhathi semalimboleko, esikhulu kakhulu kunezitolimende ezijwayelekile ezandulelayo. Lokhu kwenzeka ngoba imalimboleko inciphisa isikweletu ngokwengxenye kuphela: izinkokhelo ezihleliwe azikukhokhi lonke inani eliyinhloko phakathi nesikhathi, ngakho ibhalansi esele ihlala ingakhokhiwe ekupheleni kwesikhathi futhi ifuneka ngenkokhelo eyodwa.

Inhloso ukunciphisa isitolimende senkathi. Ngokuhlehlisa ingxenye yemali eyinhloko kuze kube sekupheleni, umbolekisi wehlisa lokho okukhokhwa ngumboleki nyanga zonke — ngenani lesibopho esisodwa esikhulu kamuva kanye nenzalo eyengeziwe iyonke.

Imalimboleko ehlelwe ngale ndlela ibizwa ngokuthi imalimboleko ye-balloon. Lapho i-balloon imele inani elilindelekile lokuthengiswa kabusha kwempahla exhaswe ngezimali, ngokuvamile ibizwa ngokuthi inani elisele.

Ihluke kanjani kwezinye izinhlaka zokukhokha

• Ukuncishiswa kwesikweletu ngokuphelele: Izitolimende zikhokha inzalo kanye nayo yonke imali eyinhloko; akukho okukweletwayo ekupheleni kwesikhathi (isitolimende esiphezulu esijwayelekile).
• Ukuncishiswa kwesikweletu ngokwengxenye (i-balloon): Izitolimende zikhokha inzalo kanye nengxenye yemali eyinhloko; ibhalansi esele ifuneka ekupheleni kwesikhathi (isitolimende esiphansi esijwayelekile).
• Inzalo kuphela / i-bullet: Izitolimende zikhokha inzalo kuphela; yonke imali eyinhloko ifuneka ekupheleni kwesikhathi (isitolimende esiphansi kakhulu esijwayelekile).

Imalimboleko ye-bullet iyisimo eseqisayo se-balloon: akukho nhlobo imali eyinhloko ekhokhwayo phakathi nesikhathi, futhi u-100% ufuneka ekupheleni.

Izibalo

Ukushintshana kunembile futhi kufanele kubonakale ngezinombolo.

Isimo. Kubolekwa u-$30,000 phakathi neminyaka emi-5 nge-12% ngonyaka ngebhalansi enciphayo.

Monthly rate = 0.12 ÷ 12 = 1.0%,  n = 60 months

Ukuncishiswa kwesikweletu ngokuphelele:

Instalment  = $667.29
Total paid  = 667.29 × 60 = $40,037
Interest    = $10,037
Owed at maturity = $0

Nge-balloon engu-30% ($9,000):

Instalment  = $557.13
Total paid  = (557.13 × 60) + 9,000 = $42,428
Interest    = $12,428
Owed at maturity = $9,000

Isitolimende sehla cishe ngo-16.5%. Inzalo iyonke inyuka cishe ngo-$2,391.

Isizathu sicacile: u-$9,000 wemali eyinhloko uhlala ungakhokhiwe yonke iminyaka emihlanu esikhundleni sokuthi ukhokhwe kancane kancane, futhi inzalo iyakhula kuwo sonke isikhathi. Umboleki akazange onge imali — uqashise u-$9,000 iminyaka emihlanu futhi usawukweleta.

Lapho izinhlaka ze-balloon zisetshenziswa khona

• Imalimboleko yezimoto nempahla. Ibhaluni ibekwa enanini lokuthengiswa kabusha lempahla elilindelekile, ngakho izitolimende zikhokhela kuphela ukwehla kwenani umboleki akusebenzisayo ngempela.
• Izindlu ezithengiswayo zebhizinisi. Imalimboleko ingase yehliswe ngohlelo lweminyaka engu-20 noma engu-25 kodwa iphele eminyakeni emi-5 noma emi-7, ishiya ibhalansi enkulu okufanele ibuyekezwe noma ikhokhwe ngokuthengisa.
• Imalimboleko yemishini. Ihambisana nomjikelezo olindelekile wokushintshwa noma wokuthuthukiswa.
• Imalimboleko yebhuloho neyesikhashana. Ikhokhwa ngokugcwele ngesenzakalo esithile sesikhathi esizayo — ukuthengiswa kwendawo, ukuqoqwa kwemali enkulu, ukukhishwa kwesibonelelo.
• Imalimboleko yesizini neyezolimo. Izitolimende ezincane phakathi nenkathi yokukhula neningi likhokhwa ngemva kokuvuna, kuhambisana nokukhokha nesikhathi lapho imali ifika khona ngempela.

Isizathu esisemthethweni kuleso naleso simo siwukuthi ukuhambisana nokugeleza kwemali: amandla omboleki okukhokha awalingani, futhi isheduli yakhiwe ukuze ihambisane nawo. Ibhaluni ifaneleka uma kunomthombo wemali othize, okhonjwayo wokuyikhokha.

Izingozi

Imalimboleko yebhaluni empeleni iyimalimboleko ezimbili: eyehliswayo yesikhathi, kanye nokucatshangwa okungabhalwanga phansi ngokuthi kwenzekani lapho iphela. Ingozi ilele kulokho okucatshangwayo.

Ukubuyekeza imalimboleko ingozi. Iningi lababoleki bebhaluni lihlose ukubuyekeza imalimboleko kunokukhokha ngemali. Lokho kucabanga ukuthi isikweletu sizotholakala ngemibandela eyamukelekayo ngosuku olukude ngeminyaka. Izinga lenzalo lingase libe phezulu, intshisekelo yombolekisi ibe phansi, futhi isimo sezimali somboleki ngokwakhe sibe buthakathaka. Ingozi yokubuyekeza iphezulu kakhulu ngesikhathi izimo zimbi — okuyisikhathi lapho ababoleki abaningana bebhekana nayo kanyekanye.

Ingozi yenani eliyinsalela. Lapho ibhaluni ibekwe ngokumelene nenani lempahla elilindelekile, insalela enethemba ngokweqile ishiya umboleki i-equity engeyinhle: ibhaluni idlula inani impahla ezingalithola. Ukuthengisa akusuli isikweletu. Lokhu kuvamile ekuxhasweni ngezimali kwezimoto lapho ukwehla kwenani kuhamba ngokushesha kunalokho okucatshangelwe.

Ukushaqeka kokukhokha. Umboleki okhululekile ngo-$557 ngenyanga kungenzeka akazange enze malungiselelo e-$9,000 enyangeni eyodwa. Ngaphandle kwesikhwama sokonga noma indlela yokuphuma eqinisekisiwe, usuku lokuphela lufika njengenhlekelele kunokuba kube isenzakalo.

Ukugcwala kwezinsuku zokuphela, kumbolekisi. Ubungozi bonke bucaca ngosuku olulodwa kunokuba bunciphe kancane kancane. Kulo lonke iphothifoliyo, amabhaluni ahlangene ngesikhathi esifanayo adala ukugcwala kwezinqumo zokubuyekeza — kanye negagasi lezicelo zokuhlela kabusha uma izimo sezishintshile.

Ingcindezi yokuhlela kabusha. Lapho ibhaluni ingeke ikhokhwe, umphumela ojwayelekile ukwelulwa noma ukubhalwa kabusha. Lokho kuguqula ukukhokha okuhleliwe kube ukuguqulwa okuyingcindezi, nemiphumela yokuhlukaniswa nokubekelwa kwemali elandelayo.

Izinketho ekupheleni kwemalimboleko

1. Yikhokhe ngemali — ngemali eyongiwe, isikhwama sokonga, noma inzuzo yesenzakalo imalimboleko eyayisilindele.
2. Buyekeza insalela — imalimboleko entsha ngesikhathi esengeziwe, ngokuya ngokuthi umboleki usafaneleka.
3. Thengisa impahla — kuyasebenza kuphela uma inani elingatholakala ngokuthengisa lidlula ibhaluni.
4. Buyisela impahla, lapho inkontileka ikuvumela khona, njengakwezinye izinhlelo ezihlelekile zezimali zezimoto.
5. Hlela kabusha — okuyindlela yokugcina, futhi ekhombisa ukuthi umcabango wokuphuma wokuqala wehlulekile.

Okufanele ababolekisi bakuhlole ekuqalweni kwemalimboleko

Indlela yokuphuma kumele ihlolwe futhi iqinisekiswe ekuqaleni, hhayi ukutholakala ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa.

• Linganisa i-balloon ngaphansi kwenani elisele elilindelekile., hhayi kulo, kushiya umkhawulo wokwehla kwenani okushesha kunalokho obekucatshangwa.
• Bhala umthombo ohlosiwe wokubuyisela imali ngokusobala — ukuxhaswa kabusha kwezimali, ukuthengiswa, noma umcimbi othile wokuthola imali. — futhi uhlole ukuthi kuyakholakala yini.
• Hlola amandla okuthola imali kabusha ngaphansi kwengcindezi, hhayi izimo zamanje: ingabe lo mboleki angafaneleka ngenzalo ephakeme emakethe ebuthakathaka?
• Cabangela isidingo sesikhwama sokonga, umboleki eqongelela imali ebheke ku-balloon phakathi nesikhathi sesivumelwano.
• Qapha ukuhlangana kwezikhathi zokuvuthwa kuyo yonke iphothifoliyo, ukuze ama-balloon angabuthani ngekota eyodwa.
• Hlaziya kabusha inani lempahla eyisisekelo ngezikhathi ezithile lapho i-balloon ixhumene nenani elisele, kunokuba uncike esilinganisweni sokuqala
• Xhumana kusenesikhathi ngaphambi kokuvuthwa — izinyanga eziyisithupha kuya kweziyishumi nambili ngaphambi kokuvuthwa — ukuze ukuxhaswa kabusha noma ukuthengiswa kuhlelwe ngendlela ehlelekile.

Ukudalulwa kanye nokulawulwa

Ngenxa yokuthi lesi sakhiwo sikhiqiza izitolimende eziphansi kanye nesibopho esikhulu esihlehlisiwe, kuyingozi eyaziwayo yokuthengisa ngendlela engafanele. Izidingo ezijwayelekile zihlanganisa ukudalulwa okugqamile kwesamba se-balloon kanye nosuku lokukhokha ngokwehlukile ohlelweni lwezitolimende, ukudalulwa kwezindleko eziphelele zesikweletu kuhlanganise ne-balloon, kanye nokuhlolwa kokukwazi ukukhokha ngokumelene ne-balloon hhayi isitolimende kuphela. Ezinye izindawo zomthetho ziyakukhawulela noma ziyakwenqabela ukusetshenziswa kwezakhiwo ze-balloon esikweletini somthengi, noma zidinga ukuthi umbolekisi akhombise ukuthi umboleki angakwazi ukukhokha inkokhelo yokugcina. Imithetho ethile iyahlukahluka ngokwemakethe.