Imalimboleko yokwengeza

Imali-mboleko yokwengeza iyisikweletu esengeziwe esinikezwa umboleki osevele enemali-mboleko esesimweni esihle nombolekisi ofanayo. Esikhundleni sokufaka isicelo semali-mboleko entsha ehlukile, umboleki wenyusa imali-mboleko yakhe ekhona—ngokuvamile ngemva kokuba ingxenye yemali-mboleko yokuqala isikhokhiwe.

Kubizwa nangokuthi i-advance eyokwengeza, i-advance eyengeziwe, ukuthuthukiswa kwemali-mboleko noma ukubolekwa kabusha, kuye ngemakethe nomkhiqizo.

Ama-top-up aphakathi kwemikhiqizo evame kakhulu ekubolekiseni kwabaholayo, okwebanjwa emholweni kanye nokwe-microfinance, ngoba ashesha kumboleki futhi ashibhile kumbolekisi: ikhasimende selivele laziwa, selivele lihloliwe, futhi selivele likhombisile ukuthi likhokha kanjani.

Izinhlaka ezimbili

I-advance ehambisanayo (akuvamile)

• Indlela yokusebenza:Imali-mboleko entsha ihamba eduze kwaleyo ekhona.
• Izitolimende:Kubanjwa izimali ezimbili ngokuhlukene.
• Isikhathi:Imali-mboleko ngayinye igcina usuku lwayo lokuphela.
• Imibhalo:Kusayinwa isivumelwano esisha; esokuqala sihlala singathintshiwe.

Ukukhokha nokukhipha kabusha (imodeli ehamba phambili)

• Indlela yokusebenza:Ibhalansi ekhona iyavalwa bese kukhishwa imali-mboleko entsha enkulu.
• Izitolimende:Kubanjwa imali eyodwa ehlanganisiwe.
• Isikhathi:Isikhathi siqala kabusha ngenani eliphelele elihlanganisiwe.
• Imibhalo:Isivumelwano sokuqala siyavalwa; esisha sithatha indawo yaso.

Isakhiwo sokukhokha nokukhipha kabusha yisona ababolekisi abaningi abakushoyo nge-top-up, futhi indlela yaso yokusebenza iyona enquma izindleko zangempela.

Indlela ukukhokha nokukhipha kabusha okusebenza ngayo — kanye nezibalo

Isimo. Umboleki wathatha imali-mboleko engu-$5,000 eyayizokhokhwa ngezinyanga ezingama-24. Ngemva kwezinyanga eziyi-12 zokukhokha, ibhalansi esele ingu-$2,700. Manje udinga enye imali engu-$3,000.

Ombolekisi akabolekisi $3,000. Ukhipha imboleko entsha engu-$5,700, okungukuthi:

Settlement of old balance   = $2,700
Net cash to the borrower    = $3,000
Gross new loan              = $5,700

Ithemu liqala kabusha libe izinyanga ezingama-24 ezintsha kuleyo mali ephelele engu-$5,700.

Imiphumela emithathu iyalandela, futhi yisona sizathu sokuthi lo mkhiqizo udinga ukuqondwa kunokuba usetshenziswe nje.

1. Izimali ezikhokhiswayo zibalwa ngesamba esiphelele, hhayi ngesamba esisele.

Arrangement fee at 3% of gross:  0.03 × 5,700 = $171
Fee as a % of money received:    171 ÷ 3,000 = 5.7%

Obolekwayo uthola $3,000 bese ekhokha imali ekhokhiswayo ebalwe ku-$5,700. Izinga lemali eliyinhloko licishe liphindeke kabili ngokwangempela.

2. Inzalo ikhokhwa kabili emalini efanayo.

Imali engu-$2,700 yayivele ithwala inzalo ngaphansi kwemboleko yokuqala. Ukuyikhokha ngokugcwele bese uyiboleka kabusha kuqala isikhathi senzalo kabusha kuleyo nhloko yemali efanayo, manje esikhathini eside kakhulu.

3. Ithemu liqala kabusha.

Obolekwayo wayesasele izinyanga eziyi-12 ukuze angabi nasikweletu. Manje usezinyangeni ezingama-24 kukho. Konke ukwengeza kuhlehlisa umugqa wokugcina emuva esikhathini esigcwele.

Inkinga yokukhokha ngokugcwele ngezinga elingaguquki

Lapho imboleko yokuqala ibalwa ngezinga elingaguquki — inzalo ibalwa kusihloko semali sokuqala isikhathi sonke kunokuba ibalwe kubhalansi enciphayo — ukukhokha ngokugcwele ngaphambi kwesikhathi kuletha enye inkinga.

Ngaphansi kwentengo engaguquki, inzalo isiyonke ibekwa ekuqaleni. Uma obolekwayo ekhokha ngokugcwele enyangeni ye-12 kwezingu-24, akazange asebenzise unyaka wesibili walesi sikhungo, ngakho ingxenye yenzalo ekhokhiswayo ayikatholwa. Ukuthi iyabuyiselwa kuncike endleleni yombolekisi yokubuyisela imali:

• Indlela ye-Actuarial — imali ebuyiselwayo ibonisa inzalo yangempela engakapheli, okuyisibalo esinobulungiswa.
• Umthetho wama-78 — wabela inzalo ngokungalingani ezinyangeni zokuqala, ngakho ukukhokha ngokugcwele maphakathi nesikhathi kubuyisela kancane kakhulu kunalokho obolekwayo ayekulindele. Kunqatshelwe noma kukhawulelwe ezindaweni eziningi ezandayo.
• Akukho kubuyiselwa — inzalo ephelele yesivumelwano kufanele ikhokhwe noma ngabe kukhokhwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi.

Isibalo sokukhokha ngokugcwele esivezwa ekwengezeni yilapho le ndlela ibonakala khona. Obolekwayo ocabanga ukuthi ibhalansi yakhe esele imane nje iyinhloko yemali esele angase akhokhe inani elihlanganisa inzalo yezinyanga angakaze azisebenzise.

Ukufaneleka nokuhlolwa

Izimo ezijwayelekile zokwengeza:

• Ukuvuthwa kwemboleko — inani elincane lezitolimende ezikhokhiwe embolekweni ekhona, ngokuvamile eziyisithupha, noma amaphesenti abekiwe esikhathi esidlulile
• Umlando ohlanzekile wokukhokha — azikho izinsalela, noma izinsalela zisuliwe isikhathi esinqunyiwe
• Ukuhlolwa okusha kwekhono lokukhokha ngesitolimende esisha esihlanganisiwe, hhayi nje ngenani elongeziwe
• Ikhono lokubanjwa kwemali — ekubolekiseni ngokubanjwa emholweni, ukubanjwa okusha kufanele kungene ngaphakathi komkhawulo osemthethweni ekubanjweni okuphelele kwemiholo
• Ukwenele kwesibambiso — lapho imali ebolekiwe inesibambiso, isibambiso kufanele simboze ukuchayeka okusha, okukhulu
• Ukuhlolwa kwebhuro lezikweletu — ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umboleki akazange athathe izibopho kwenye indawo kusukela ekuhlolweni kwasekuqaleni

Kungani ababolekisi benikeza izengezo

• Izindleko eziphansi zokuthola amakhasimende. Ikhasimende selivele lamukelwe, liqinisekiswe nge-KYC futhi liyaziwa. Izindleko ezingezelelwe zokusungula isengezo ziyingxenye encane kunezokuthola umboleki omusha.
• Ubungozi obuphansi kunomboleki omusha. Izinyanga eziyishumi nambili zokubheka indlela yokukhokha kuwubufakazi obunamandla kakhulu kunanoma yikuphi ukuhlolwa kwesigaba sesicelo.
• Ukukhula kwephothifoliyo nokugcinwa kwamakhasimende. Izengezo zikhulisa ibhalansi emaphakathi ngekhasimende ngalinye futhi zelula ubudlelwano, kunciphisa ukudlulela kwabaqhudelani.
• Imali evela ezinkokhelweni. Izinkokhelo zokuhlela zitholakala futhi ngenani eliphelele emjikelezweni ngamunye.

Lezi yizinzuzo ezisemthethweni. Ubungozi ukuthi zinamandla ngokwanele ukukhuthaza izengezo ezisebenzela ukukhula kombolekisi ngaphezu kwenzuzo yomboleki.

Izingozi

Kwababolekayo

• Umjikelezo ongapheli. Isengezo ngasinye siqala kabusha isikhathi. Umboleki owengeza njalo ezinyangeni eziyishumi nambili emkhiqizweni wezinyanga ezingama-24 akaze afike ekupheleni kwemalimboleko.
• Izindleko ezibukelwa phansi. Izindleko zangempela zemali eyengeziwe ziphakeme kakhulu kunezinga elicashuniwe, ngoba izinkokhelo nenzalo kusebenza enanini eliphelele.
• Ukuncipha kweholo eliyinetha. Ekubolekiseni ngokubanjwa emholweni, izengezo ezilandelanayo zikhuphula ukubanjwa kubheke emkhawulweni osemthethweni, kushiya ihole lokuthatha ekhaya lincipha kancane kancane.
• Ukuxhaswa ngezimali kokusetshenziswa. Ukufinyelela okulula esengezweni kwenza kube lula ukuxhasa izindlelo ezisilelayo kunokuba kubhekwane nazo.

Kwababolekisayo

• Ukufihla ukweqiwa kwesikhathi. Omboleki osondela ekungakhokhini angagcinwa engenazinsuku ezeqiwe ngokwengezwa imali. I-akhawunti ayilokothi ibe nezinsuku ezeqiwe, ngakho iphothifoliyo esengozini ihlala ihlanzekile ngenkathi ikhwalithi yekhredithi yehla ngaphansi kwayo. Lokhu ukwenza i-evergreening ezingeni le-akhawunti, futhi kuwukukhathazeka okujwayelekile kwabagadli.
• Izinkomba zobungozi ezibukelwa phansi. Uma ukwengezwa kubalwa njengokusebenza okufika ngesikhathi futhi izimali ezivaliwe zibhalwa njengezikhokhwe ngokugcwele, kokubili i-PAR kanye namazinga omlando wokulahlekelwa kwenza iphothifoliyo libukeke lihle.
• Ukugxila kubaboleki abaphindaphindayo. Ukukhula kwephothifoliyo okuqhutshwa ukwengezwa okuphindaphindiwe kumakhasimende afanayo akukhona ukubolekisa okusha — kuwukwandisa ukuchayeka eqoqweni elinciphayo lamagama.
• Ukuphambuka kwezinga lokukwazi ukukhokha. Ukuhlola kuphela inani elengeziwe, esikhundleni sesitolimende esigcwele esihlanganisiwe, kuvumela izibopho ukuthi zinqwabelane zedlule lokho okusekelwa umholo.

Izilawuli okufanele zibe khona

• Isikhathi esincane sokuvuthwa ngaphambi kokuba ukwengezwa kuvunyelwe, kanye nomkhawulo enanini lokwengezwa ngomboleki ngamunye ngesikhathi esithile
• Ukuhlolwa kabusha okugcwele kokukwazi ukukhokha esitolimendeni esihlanganisiwe, kanye nombiko omusha webhiliyo nokuqinisekiswa kwemali engenayo
• Ukuqapha i-net-to-gross — landela ukuthi ingakanani imali ekhishwa ngakunye okusha okuyimali etholwa umboleki. Isilinganiso esehlayo kuyo yonke iphothifoliyo sisho ukuthi ukukhula kuvela ekubolekiseni kabusha hhayi ekubolekiseni okusha.
• Khipha ukwengezwa ezibalweni zokusebenza, noma zibikwe ngokuhlukene, ukuze izimali ezivalwe ngokubolekiswa kabusha zingabonakali njengezikhokhiwe
• Phawula ukwengezwa okuphindaphindayo njengenkomba yobungozi esikhundleni sesignali yokwethembeka
• Veza inani lokukhokha isikweletu, imali ekhishwa ngempela kanye nezindleko eziphelele ngokucacile ngaphambi kokuba umboleki azibophezele.
• Shicilela indlela yesaphulelo ekukhokheni kusenesikhathi, futhi khetha indlela ye-actuarial.

Ukwengezwa uma kuqhathaniswa nemikhiqizo ehlobene

• Imalimboleko yokwengeza — Kwandisa ukuboleka kumbolekisi ofanayo, ngokuvamile kuqala kabusha isikhathi.
• Ukuboleka kabusha — Kuthatha indawo yemalimboleko ekhona, ngokuvamile ngombolekisi ohlukile, ngokuvamile ukuze kuthuthukiswe imibandela.
• Imalimboleko yokuhlanganisa izikweletu — Ihlanganisa izikweletu ezimbalwa ezihlukene zibe isitolimende esisodwa.
• Ukubolekisa okuqhubekayo — Imalimboleko enkulu kumjikelezo olandelayo ngemva kokuba imalimboleko ekhona isikhokhelwe ngokugcwele.
• Umugqa wesikweletu ojikelezayo — Khipha imali kuze kufike emkhawulweni ngaphandle kwesivumelwano esisha noma ukuqalwa kabusha kwesikhathi.

Ukuqhathanisa okuhlanzekile kakhulu kungukuqhathanisa nokubolekisa okuqhubekayo: umboleki uqeda imalimboleko yamanje, bese efanelekela ukuthola enkulu. Ukukhula okufanayo ekufinyeleleni, ngaphandle kokuqalwa kabusha kwesikhathi noma inzalo ephindwe kabili. Ukubolekisa okuqhubekayo kuhamba kancane kumbolekisi, futhi kushibhile kakhulu kumboleki.