Irejista yesibambiso

Irejista yezibambiso yirekhodi esembindini yazo zonke ii-asethi ezithembisweyo njengesibambiso semali-mboleko, kunye nolwazi olufunekayo ukuchonga, ukuxabisa, ukubeka esweni, ukukhulula okanye ukwenza imali ngaloo asethi. Iqhagamshela into nganye yesibambiso nomboleki oyithembisileyo, i-akhawunti yemali-mboleko eyikhuselayo, ixabiso layo eliqikelelweyo, ubume bayo obusemthethweni kunye nemeko yayo yokomzimba yangoku.

Irejista iphendula imibuzo emine nangaliphi na ixesha: yintoni ethembisweyo, ngubani oyithembisileyo, yeyiphi ingozi eyigubungelayo, kwaye ixabisa ntoni namhlanje. Umbolekisi ongakwaziyo ukuphendula loo mibuzo mine ngoko nangoko akanayo irejista yesibambiso — unekhabhathi yeefayili.

Okuqulethwe yirejista yesibambiso

Iinkalo ezichanekileyo ziyahluka ngokombolekisi nangokohlobo lwesibambiso esithathiweyo, kodwa irejista epheleleyo ibhala oku kulandelayo nge-asethi nganye ethembisweyo:

• Isazisi esisodwa sesibambiso — Ivumela i-asethi ukuba kubhekiswe kuyo kwiinkqubo nakwiingxelo.
• Iinkcukacha zomboleki nomqinisekisi — Imisela ukuba ngubani ophethe itayitile kwaye ngubani oyithembisileyo i-asethi.
• I-akhawunti(zi) zemali-mboleko eziqhagamshelweyo — Ibonisa ukuba zeziphi iingozi ezikhuselwa yile asethi.
• Uhlobo lwe-asethi kunye nenkcazo — Yahlula udidi oluthile lwe-asethi (umz. isithuthi, itayitile, idiphozithi esisigxina).
• Iimpawu zokuchonga — Inombolo yesiriyeli, yetshesi, yenjini, yesiza okanye yepasela, okanye inombolo yesatifikethi sezabelo.
• Amaxwebhu obunini kunye netayitile — Ubungqina bokuba umntu othembisayo angayinikela ngokusemthethweni i-asethi.
• Ixabiso eliqikelelweyo kunye nomhla wokuqikelela — Uqikelelo olusisiseko lwezigqibo zokubolekisa.
• Igama lomqikeleli kunye nendlela — Ixhasa ukuhlolwa nokuphikiswa kwenani loqikelelo.
• Isinciphiso esisetyenzisiweyo — Isaphulelo esithathwayo ngokuchasene nexabiso lemarike.
• Umlinganiselo wemali-mboleko ukuya kwixabiso (LTV) ekusungulweni — Ilinganisa umqamelo wokhuseleko ekukhutshweni kwemali.
• Ubume bokugqibelelisa — Ibonisa ukuba ingaba umdla wesibambiso ubhalisiwe okanye ifayilishiwe.
• Ipolisi ye-inshorensi, umshwalense, kunye nokuphela kwexesha — Iqinisekisa ukukhuselwa kwexabiso le-asethi ngexesha lemali-mboleko.
• Indawo ebonakalayo okanye ukugcinwa — Apho i-asethi okanye amaxwebhu ayo etayitile agcinwa khona.
• Imbali yokuhlolwa — Ubungqina bokuba i-asethi ikhona kwaye ihleli ingonakalanga.
• Isimo — Ilandelela ukuba i-asethi ibambisiwe, itshintshiwe, ikhutshwe ngokuyinxenye, ikhutshwe, iphantsi kokwenziwa imali, okanye ilahlwe.
• Ingxelo yokukhutshwa okanye yokulahlwa — Ivala umjikelo xa imali-mboleko ihlawulwe okanye i-asethi ithengisiwe.

Indawo yesimo yeyona ihlala ingahoywa kwaye yiyona abaphicothi baqala ukuyijonga. Irejista esoloko ifaka iirekhodi kuphela, kwaye ingaze iziphawule njengezikhutshiweyo, iya kugqithisa ubungakanani besikhundla sokhuseleko sombolekisi kwisithuba nje sonyaka omnye.

Irejista yesibambiso xa ithelekiswa nobhaliso lwezibambiso

La magama mabini adla ngokudideka, kwaye umahluko ubalulekile ngokomthetho.

Irejista yesibambiso yeyangaphakathi. Yirekhodi yokusebenza yombolekisi, egcinelwe ulawulo lwetyala, ukujongwa kwepotfoliyo kunye nophicotho. Ayinampembelelo kubantu besithathu.

Ubhaliso lwezibambiso lungaphandle kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo lumiselwe ngumthetho. Yinkqubo kawonke-wonke yokufayilisha — edla ngokuqhutywa yirejistri yeenkampani, igunya lomhlaba okanye ibhanki enguvimba — apho umdla wokhuseleko urekhodwa khona ukuze wonke umntu azi ngawo. Ukufayilisha kwirejistri kawonke-wonke yinto emisela ubunini obuphambili ngaphezu kwababolekisi abakhuphisanayo kwaye igqibezela oko amagqwetha akubiza ngokuthi imfezeko yomdla wokhuseleko.

Kulandela amaza ohlaziyo lweentengiselwano ezikhuselekileyo, iindawo ezininzi zolawulo ngoku zisebenzisa iirejistri ze-elektroniki ezisekelwe kwizaziso zepropati eshukumayo ngokukodwa, nto leyo evumela ababolekisi ukuba bathabathe isibambiso kwiimoto, izixhobo, imfuyo, impahla kunye neemali ezilindelekileyo endaweni yomhlaba kuphela. Oku kuye kwandisa isiseko sezibambiso esifumanekayo kumashishini amancinci angenalo itayitile.

Umphumo osebenzayo: i-asethi inokubonakala kwirejista yangaphakathi yombolekisi kwaye ibe ayikhuselekanga ngokomthetho ukuba ukufayilisha kukawonke-wonke okuhambelanayo akuzange kwenziwe. Ngoko ke, irejista yangaphakathi eyilwe kakuhle inenombolo yereferensi yokufayilisha nomhla wokufayilisha njengeendawo ezinyanzelekileyo, hayi ezikhethwayo.

Iindidi zezibambiso ezidla ngokurekhodwa

• Ipropati engashukumiyo — umhlaba, izakhiwo zokuhlala nezeshishini, zirekhodwa ngetayitile okanye ngenombolo yesiza.
• Iimoto kunye nezixhobo — zithathwa ngenombolo ye-chassis, yenjini neyobhaliso, ngokuqhelekileyo kunye nelien ebhalwe kuxwebhu lobunini.
• Isibambiso sezezimali — iidiphozithi ezisisigxina, ii-akhawunti zekhashe yokukhusela, izabelo, iibhondi, iipolisi zobomi ezinexabiso lokurhoxa elinokunikezelwa.
• Isitokhwe kunye neemali ezifunyenweyo — iintlawulo ezidadayo phezu kwesitokhwe okanye ukunikezelwa kwetyala leencwadi, okufuna ukuphinda kuqikelelwe rhoqo ngaphezu kwee-asethi ezisisigxina.
• Ii-asethi zezolimo — imfuyo, izityalo ezisakhulayo, iirisithi zovimba, izixhobo zokunkcenkceshela.
• Iimpahla ezishukumayo zekhaya nezoshishino — ifenitshala, izixhobo, iijenereyitha, izixhobo zesaluni okanye zewokshopu, eziqhelekileyo kuboleko lwemali-mboleko encinci.
• Iziqinisekiso zobuqu nezomntu wesithathu — ayizizo ii-asethi, kodwa ihlala igcinwe kwirejista enye ukuze inkxaso yetyala iyonke ibonakale kwindawo enye.

Kutheni ababolekisi begcina irejista yesibambiso

Ukunciphisa umngcipheko wetyala. Irejista sisiseko sobungqina besimo sokhuseleko emva kwepotfoliyo. Ngaphandle kwayo, ukuvezwa okukhuselekileyo kuyibango nje endaweni yokuba linani elilinganisiweyo.

Ukwenzelwa izibonelelo. Phantsi kweenkqubo ezininzi zokonakala kwexabiso, isixa esinokufunyanwa semali-mboleko embi sixhomekeke kwixabiso lesibambiso esigcinwe ngokuchasene nayo. Ilahleko yemali-mboleko ukwenzelwa izibonelelo izibalo zithathwa ngqo kwidatha yerejista, ngoko ke uqikelelo oludala lungenela ngqo kwisibonelelo esingachanekanga.

Ingxelo yokulawula. Izikhokelo zobulumko zihlala zifuna ababolekisi ukuba banike ingxelo ngokuvezwa okukhuselekileyo xa kuthelekiswa nokuvezwa okungakhuselekanga, ukugxila kwesibambiso kunye nokufaneleka kweentlobo zokhuseleko. Abalawuli balindele ukuba ingxelo ikwazi ukuvisisaniswa nerejista egciniweyo.

Ukubuyiselwa kwemali nokunyanzeliswa. Xa imali-mboleko ingahlawulwa, isantya sokubuyiselwa kwemali sixhomekeke ekwazini ngoko nangoko ukuba yintoni enokuthathwa okanye ithengiswe, ukuba ilungelo lesibambiso lafezekiswa ngokusemthethweni na, ukuba i-inshorensi isesikhathini na kwaye amaxwebhu agcinwe phi na.

Ukuthintela ukubambisa kabini. I-asethi enye ebambiswe ngokuchasene neemali-mboleko ezininzi, nokuba kungenxa yobuqhophololo bomboleki okanye impazamo yangaphakathi, kungumthombo ophindaphindayo welahleko. Irejista enezichazi ezizodwa zee-asethi kunye nomsebenzi wokukhangela yenza ukuphindwa kubonakale phambi kokukhutshwa kwemali kunokuba kube emva kokungahlawulwa.

Uxanduva logcino. Amaxwebhu okuqala obunini, iincwadi zezithuthi kunye nezatifikethi zezabelo ngokwenkqubo zisebenza ngokungathi zezomntu oziphetheyo. Irejista yenza ikhonkco logcino elinomgcini ochongiweyo wexwebhu ngalinye.

Imilinganiselo ephambili ethathwe kwirejista

Imali-mboleko ukuya kwixabiso (LTV) — isixa semali-mboleko sahlulwe ngexabiso lesibambiso eliqikelelweyo, sichazwe njengepesenti. I-LTV ephantsi ithetha isikhuselo esikhulu ngokuchasene nokwehla kwexabiso.

Isinciphiso — isinciphiso esisetyenziswa kwixabiso lemarike phambi kokuba sithathwe njengesibambiso. Ikhashe yokukhusela isenokungabi nasinciphiso; izixhobo ezikhethekileyo ezisetyenzisiweyo zisenokufumana isinciphiso seepesenti ezingama-50 okanye ngaphezulu.

Umlinganiselo wokugquma kwesibambiso — ixabiso elipheleleyo lesibambiso elincitshisiweyo lahlulwe ngokuvezwa okupheleleyo okusaseleyo. Xa ufunda kwi nqanaba lepotfoliyo, ibonisa ukuba ukhuseleko luye lwalingana nokukhula kwencwadi na.

Ukwahlulwa phakathi kwe-exposure ekhuselweyo nengakhuselwanga — umlinganiselo wepotifoliyo oxhaswa sisibambiso esibhalisiweyo nesifezekisiweyo.

Ukugxininiswa kwesibambiso — i-exposure ihlelwa ngokweentlobo ze-asethi, indawo okanye umhloli wamaxabiso. Ukugxininiswa kakhulu kudidi olunye lwe-asethi kuthetha ukuba ukothuka olulodwa lwemarike kunokuwushenxisa kakhulu umlinganiselo wokhuselo.

Umjikelo wobomi besibambiso

1. Ukwamkelwa — i-asethi iyachongwa, ubunini buqinisekiswa, kwaye amaxwebhu aqokelelwa ngexesha ukusungulwa kwemali-mboleko.
2. Uqikelelo-maxabiso — uqikelelo-maxabiso oluzimeleyo okanye lwangaphakathi luyenziwa kwaye i-haircut isetyenziswa.
3. Ukufezekiswa — isibambiso sifakwa kwirejista kawonke-wonke efanelekileyo kwaye ireferensi iyarekhodwa.
4. Ugcino — amaxwebhu oqobo ayangeniswa kwaye ayarekhodwa; indawo ye-asethi iyarekhodwa.
5. Ukubeka iliso — uhlolo olwenziwa rhoqo, iitshekhi zokuhlaziywa kwe-inshorensi kunye noqikelelo-maxabiso ngokutsha, isantya sihambelana nendlela udidi lwe-asethi oluguquguquka ngayo.
6. Ukutshintshwa okanye ukukhululwa ngokuyinxenye — njengoko inani eliyintloko liyahlawulwa, esinye isibambiso singakhululwa, kwaye irejista kufuneka ibonise isithuba esincitshisiweyo.
7. Ukukhululwa — ekuhlawulweni ngokupheleleyo, amaxwebhu ayabuyiselwa, ukufakwa kawonke-wonke kuyarhoxiswa, kwaye irekhodi livalwa ngomhla negosa eligunyazisiweyo.
8. Ukuphunyezwa — xa kukho ukusilela, i-asethi iyahluthwa ize ithengiswe, kwaye ingeniso irekhodwa ngokuchasene nemali-mboleko.

Ubuthathaka obuqhelekileyo kwiirejista zezibambiso

• Uqikelelo-maxabiso olungaze luhlaziywe, lushiye inani elineminyaka emihlanu ubudala liqhuba ukubekelwa bucala kwanamhlanje.
• I-inshorensi engekhoyo okanye ephelelwe lixesha kwii-asethi ezihlala zibhalwe ngexabiso elipheleleyo.
• Iirekhodi eziphawulwe njengezibambiso ixesha elide emva kokuba imali-mboleko ehambelanayo ihlawulwe kwaye amaxwebhu ebuyiselwe.
• Iinkcazo ze-asethi ezibhalwe ngokukhululekileyo ezingenayo inombolo ye-serial okanye yeploti, nto leyo eyenza ukuba izibambiso eziphindiweyo zingabonakali.
• Amaxwebhu okufezekisa afakiwe kodwa akazange ahlaziywe, ngoko ke ilungelo lokubaluleka liphelelwa cwaka.
• Iirejista ezigcinwe kwiispredishithi kwiimashini zamagosa ahlukeneyo, kungekho ulawulo lweenguqulelo kwaye kungekho mkhondo wophicotho wokuba ngubani otshintshe uqikelelo-maxabiso.
• Akukho ngqinelaniso phakathi kwerejista nokugcinwa kwamaxwebhu ngokoqobo, ngoko ke iintsilelo zibonakala kuphela ngexesha lonyanzeliso.

Okulindelekileyo kuphicotho-zincwadi nolawulo

Abaphicothi-zincwadi bangaphandle nabaphathi ngokubanzi balindele ukuba irejista ingqinelane nencwadi yemali-mboleko, ukuba iinguqu kumaxabiso ezibambiso zibhalwa kunye nomsebenzisi nesitampu sexesha, ukuba ukugcinwa kwamaxwebhu kubalwa ngamaxesha athile ngokuthelekiswa nerekhodi, nokuba ukukhutshwa kwesibambiso kufuna ugunyaziso olwahlukileyo kwigosa elaqala imali-mboleko. Ukwahlulwa phakathi komntu oxabisa isibambiso nomntu ovuma ikhredithi lulawulo oluqhelekileyo.

Imibuzo ebuzwa rhoqo

Kufuneka isibambiso sixatyiswe ngokutsha kangaphi? Ubuninzi bamaxesha bufanele buhambelane nokuguquguquka kwexabiso. Isibambiso esixhaswa ngemali sidinga ukuphinda kuxatyiswe kancinci; ipropathi yomhlaba ixatyiswa ngokutsha rhoqo emva konyaka omnye ukuya kwemithathu; isitokhwe neemali ezilindelekileyo zisenokufuna ukuphononongwa rhoqo ngenyanga okanye ngekota.

Kwenzeka ntoni kwirejista xa imali-mboleko icinywa? Ukucinywa yinyathelo lobalo-zincwadi, akukokukhululwa ngokwasemthethweni. Isibambiso sihlala sinokunyanzeliswa, ngoko ke irekhodi kufuneka ihlale ivuliwe kwaye iphawulwe ngokuthi phantsi kokubuyiselwa kunokuba ivaliwe.

Ingaba i-asethi enye ingabambisa iimali-mboleko ezininzi? Ewe, apho ixabiso likuxhasayo kwaye ukuhlelwa ngokwezinga lomdla ngamnye kubhalwe ngokucacileyo. Irejista kufuneka ibonise zonke izikweletu ezihambelanayo ukuze i-LTV edityanisiweyo ngokubhekiselele kwi-asethi ibonakale.