Umlinganiselo wetyala kwingeniso

Umlinganiselo wetyala kwingeniso (DTI) yinxalenye yengeniso yenyanga epheleleyo yomboleki eya ekuhlawuleni ityala, eboniswa njengepesenti. I-DTI ye-40% ithetha ukuba amashumi amane kwekhulu leeyunithi ezifumaneneyo sele ezinikezelwe kwiintlawulo zemali-mboleko ngaphambi kokuba kuhlawulwe nantoni na eyenye.

I-DTI ngumlinganiselo wokukwazi ukuhlawula. Ibuza ukuba ingaba umboleki angakwazi na ukuwuthwala umhlawulo, nto leyo engumbuzo owahlukileyo kumbuzo wokuba ingaba umbolekisi angakwazi na ukuyibuyisa imali ukuba umboleki akakwazi — loo nto ngumsebenzi womlinganiselo wemali-mboleko-kwixabiso kunye nobume bokhuseleko. Phantse yonke imigaqo-nkqubo yokubolekisa isebenzisa zombini, kuba oku kusilela kubini kuzimele: imali-mboleko ekhuseleke kakuhle isenokungakwazi ukuhlawuleka, kwaye imali-mboleko enokuhlawuleka isenokungakhuselekanga kakuhle.

Lo mlinganiselo ukwabizwa ngokuba umlinganiselo wenkonzo yetyala (DSR) okanye umlinganiselo womthwalo wetyala, kwaye ekubolekiseni ngomvuzo umlinganiselo wokutsalwa. Izibalo ziyafana; umahluko ulele koko iziko ngalinye likubala njengetyala nanjengengeniso, kwaye ezo zigqibo zeenkcazelo zibaluleke ngaphezu kowona mda ngokwawo.

Ifomula ye-DTI

DTI = (Total monthly debt repayments ÷ Gross monthly income) × 100

Intlawulo yemali-mboleko entsha ecetywayo ibandakanyiwe kwinani eliphezulu. I-DTI ebalwa ngaphandle kwayo ichaza imeko yomboleki namhlanje, hayi imeko umbolekisi acelwa ukuba ayidale.

I-DTI yecala langaphambili neyangasemva

• I-DTI yecala langaphambili: Iquka iindleko zendlu kuphela (irente okanye imali-mboleko yendlu, kunye neerhafu, iintlawulo ezongezelelweyo, ne-inshorensi apho kufanelekileyo). Ngokuqhelekileyo isetyenziswa ekubolekiseni ngemali-mboleko yendlu, apho umthwalo wendlu uvavanywa ngokwahlukileyo.
• I-DTI yecala langasemva: Iquka zonke iintlawulo zamatyala kuquka indlu. Eli linani elisetyenziselwa iinjongo ezininzi; "DTI" ngaphandle kokucaciswa ngokuqhelekileyo ithetha oku.

Imilinganiselo yecala langaphambili yinkqubo yemali-mboleko yendlu kwaye yongeza kancinci ekubolekiseni okungenasibambiso okanye okweshishini, apho ulwahlulo oluluncedo luphakathi kwezibophelelo zetyala nezingelotyala kunokuba lube phakathi kwendlu nayo yonke enye into.

Oku kubalwa kwinani eliphezulu

Bandakanya zonke izibophelelo zenyanga zesivumelwano umboleki azibophelele kuzo:

• Izavenge kuzo zonke iimali-mboleko ezikhoyo — zebhanki, ezemali encinci, ezedijithali, ezempahla, nezingekho sesikweni apho zinokuqinisekiswa
• Intlawulo ecetywayo kwimali-mboleko ephantsi kovavanyo
• Iintlawulo ezincinci kwityala elijikelezayo nakwii-ovadrafti
• Iintlawulo ze-hire purchase kunye nezokuqeshisa
• Imiyalelo yenkundla yesondlo kunye nemiyalelo yetyala lesigwebo
• Iintsalela zomvuzo ezinobume betyala, kuquka iimali-mboleko zomqeshi neze-sacco
• Iziqinisekiso umboleki azinikeleyo ezisele zifunwa

Khupha iindleko zokuphila ezingezizo ezetyala — ukutya, ezothutho, iifizi zesikolo, iinkonzo ezingundoqo, iipremiyamu ze-inshorensi. Ezi zinto zibaluleke kakhulu ekukwazini ukuhlawula, kodwa i-DTI ayisosixhobo esizibambayo, nto leyo engobuthathaka obuphambili balo mlinganiselo kwaye ingumxholo wecandelo elingezantsi.

Izakhiwo ze-balloon kunye neze-interest-only ziyagqwetha inani eliphezulu. Into yemali eneentlawulo ezisezantsi ngoku nentlawulo enkulu kamva ibonisa i-DTI ebonakala intle kulo lonke ixesha layo kwaye engakwazi ukuhlawuleka ekupheleni. Ukuvavanya ezo mali-mboleko ngentlawulo elinganayo ehlawula yonke imali ngenzala yindlela eqhelekileyo yokulungisa.

Oku kubalwa kwinani elingezantsi

Ingeniso epheleleyo phambi kwerhafu neentsalela ezisemthethweni, evela kwimithombo enokuqinisekiswa nezinzileyo ngokufanelekileyo:

• Umvuzo nezibonelelo ezithe rhoqo, ezingqinwa ngamaphepha omvuzo nangeekhredithi zebhanki
• Ingeniso yeshishini ecocekileyo, efunyanwa ngovavanyo lwemali-mboleko kunokuba kungqinwe ngentetho nje
• Ingeniso yerente, ithotywe ngenxa yokungenamntu nomngcipheko wokuqokelela
• Ingeniso yepenshini neye-annuity
• Ingeniso yomboleki osebenzisana naye, apho yena ebandakanyeka ngokusemthethweni kwimali-mboleko

Zithathe ngononophelo: iibhonasi zexesha elinye, ixesha elongezelelweyo elingekho kwisivumelwano, ikhomishini kunyaka wokuqala, ingeniso evela kumthombo oqeshe nomnye umboleki, nayo nayiphi na ingeniso engenakulandelwa kwingxelo yebhanki okanye yemali yeselula.

Umzekelo osebenzayo

Umfaki-sicelo ufumana i-12,000 iyonke ngenyanga kwaye ucela imali-mboleko efuna intlawulo ye-2,000.

• Imali-mboleko yesithuthi: 1,800
• Ubuncinane bekhadi letyala: 400
• Imali-mboleko yedijithali: 300
• Iyonke ekhoyo: 2,500
• Imali-mboleko entsha ecetywayo: 2,000
• Intlawulo yetyala iyonke: 4,500

DTI = (4,500 ÷ 12,000) × 100 = 37.5%

Xa kuthelekiswa nomda womgaqo-nkqubo we-40%, esi sicelo siyaphumelela.

Kutheni i-37.5% isenokungakwazi ukuhlawulelwa

Ngoku jonga imeko yemali yokwenene yomboleki-mali omnye:

• Ingeniso iyonke yenyanga: 12,000
• Irhafu neetsalo ezisemthethweni: (2,200)
• Ingeniso eshiyekileyo: 9,800
• Izinto eziyimfuneko zekhaya (ukutya, irenti, izithuthi, iimali zesikolo, iinkonzo): (5,500)
• Efumanekayo kwintlawulo yetyala: 4,300
• Intlawulo yetyala efunekayo: (4,500)
• Intsilelo: (200)

Umboleki-mali uphumelela umlinganiselo kwaye usilela kwizibalo. Le nto ayisiyomeko enqabileyo — sisiphumo esinokuqikelelwa sokusebenzisa uvavanyo lwepesenti yengeniso iyonke kubaboleki-mali abaneendleko zokuphila ezidla uninzi lwengeniso yabo.

Ukugqwetha kuxhomekeke kwinqanaba lengeniso. Thelekisa ababoleki-mali ababini kwi-DTI efanayo:

Umboleki-mali onengeniso ephantsi:

• Ingeniso iyonke: 12,000
• DTI: 37.5% (Intlawulo yetyala: 4,500)
• Ingeniso eshiyekileyo emva kweetsalo: 9,800
• Izinto eziyimfuneko zekhaya: (5,500)
• Efumanekayo kwintlawulo yetyala: 4,300
• Isimo: Intsilelo ye-(200)

Umboleki-mali onengeniso ephezulu:

• Ingeniso iyonke: 60,000
• DTI: 37.5% (Intlawulo yetyala: 22,500)
• Ingeniso eshiyekileyo emva kweetsalo: 45,000
• Izinto eziyimfuneko zekhaya: (12,000)
• Efumanekayo kwintlawulo yetyala: 33,000
• Isimo: Intsalela ye-10,500

Iindleko eziyimfuneko azinyuki ngokuhambelana nengeniso. Ngoko ke umlinganiselo ofanayo uchaza ukukhululeka kwelinye inqanaba lengeniso noxinzelelo kwelinye, kwaye imida ye-DTI evela kwiimarike zabathengi abanengeniso ephezulu isoloko ivuleleke kakhulu xa isetyenziswa kubantu abakwinqanaba elisezantsi lengeniso.

Indlela yentsalela yengeniso

Isilungiso kukuvavanya intsalela endaweni yomlinganiselo:

Available surplus = Net income − Essential living costs − Existing debt service

Vuma apho intsalela igubungela intlawulo ecetywayo ngomda ochaziweyo — ngokuqhelekileyo ngokubeka umda kwintlawulo yetyala kwi-50% ukuya kwi-70% yentsalela endaweni yeepesenti yengeniso iyonke. Le yindlela exhasa izibalo zokufikeleleka ekubolekeni kweemali ezincinci nezikwishishini elincinci, apho iimali zekhaya nezoshishino ziyipokotho enye kwaye umlinganiselo wengeniso iyonke ungenalo ulwazi oluphantse lungabikho.

Ababolekisi abaninzi basebenzisa zombini: i-DTI njengesihluzo esikhawulezileyo, intsalela yengeniso njengovavanyo olubophelelayo. Apho ezi zimbini zingavumelaniyo, inani lentsalela lilo elichaza ukuba ingaba ikhona na imali.

Imida eqhelekileyo

Imida iyahluka ngokobolekisi, imveliso nolawulo lommandla, kwaye iimarike ezininzi ziyibeka ngommiselo. Uluhlu olungezantsi lubonisa indlela eqhelekileyo kunemithetho ephangaleleyo.

• Ngaphantsi kwama-30%: Kukulungele; kukho indawo yokuboleka ngakumbi.
• 30%–40%: Indawo eqhelekileyo yokuvunywa kweemveliso ezininzi.
• 40%–50%: Ukuvunywa ngokuqhelekileyo kufuna iimpawu eziluncedo ezongezelelweyo (isibambiso esomeleleyo, ubudlelwane obude, umvuzo ozinzileyo oqinisekisiweyo).
• Ngaphezulu kwama-50%: Kuyaliwa ngababolekisi abaninzi; kuthathwa njengophawu lokutyala ngokugqithisileyo.

Iziqwalaselo ezibini zobume:

Ukubolekwa okunesibambiso kuyayinyamezela imilinganiselo ephezulu kunokungabi nasibambiso. I-mortgage ekwi-45% ye-DTI kunye nemali-mboleko yobuqu engenasibambiso ekwi-45% zineelahleko ezilindelekileyo ezahlukileyo, kuba indlela yokubuyiselwa kwemali yahlukile.

Ukubolekwa ngomvuzo ngokuqhelekileyo kuthintelwa ngumthetho, hayi ngumgaqo-nkqubo. Iindawo ezininzi ziyayinciphisa imali epheleleyo etsalwa emvuzweni womqeshwa — imida leyo ngokuqhelekileyo ichazwa njengomlinganiselo ophezulu womvuzo osisiseko okanye isixa esisezantsi esifikelela ekhaya ekufuneka sihlale emva kwazo zonke izinto ezitsalwayo. Apho umthetho onjalo ukhoyo woyisa umgaqo-nkqubo wangaphakathi kwaye usebenza kwinqanaba lepayslip, nto leyo ethetha ukuba umbolekisi kufuneka azi ezinye izinto ezitsalwayo zomboleki ngaphambi kokuba ongeze ezakhe ngokusemthethweni. Qinisekisa umthetho wangoku wendawo yakho; le mida ihlaziywa rhoqo ngaphezu kokuba imigaqo-nkqubo emininzi yokubolekisa ihlaziywa.

I-DTI xa ithelekiswa neminye imilinganiselo yokuboleka

• DTI: Ithelekisa iintlawulo zetyala nomvuzo. Iimpendulo: Ingaba umboleki uyakwazi ukuhlawula oku?
• Ingeniso eseleyo / intsalela: Ithelekisa iintlawulo zetyala nomvuzo emva kweendleko zokuphila. Iimpendulo: Ingaba imali ikhona ngokwenene?
• LTV: Ithelekisa imali-mboleko nexabiso lesibambiso. Iimpendulo: Kubuyiselwa malini ukuba abakwazi ukuhlawula?
• DSCR: Ithelekisa ukuhamba kwemali kwishishini nokuhlawulwa kwetyala. Iimpendulo: Ingaba ishishini liyakwazi ukuhlawula oku?
• LTI: Ithelekisa imali-mboleko iyonke nomvuzo wonyaka. Iimpendulo: Ingaba umboleki utyalwe ngokugqithisileyo xa ewonke?

I-DSCR yinguqulelo yoshishino ye-DTI kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo ichazwa njengophindaphindo kunokuba ibe yipesenti — i-DSCR eyi-1.25 ithetha ukuba ukuhamba kwemali kugubungela ukuhlawulwa kwetyala ngokuphindwe ka-1.25. Apho umvuzo womboleki uvela kwishishini alinabo, omabini amanyathelo ayasebenza kwaye kufuneka avumelane.

Indawo eyimfama: amatyala angakwaziyo ukuwabona umbolekisi

I-DTI ichanekile kuphela ngendlela inani elingaphezulu elichanekile ngayo, kwaye inani elingaphezulu lihlala lingaphelelanga.

Ukuboleka okungekho sikweni akubonakali naphi na. Imali etyalwa kusapho, kubaqeshi, kumaqela okonga, kubanini-venkile nakubabolekisi abangekho sikweni inoxinzelelo lokwenene lokuhlawula kwaye ayinamkhondo wamaxwebhu.

Asingabo bonke ababolekisi abanikela ingxelo. Apho ababolekisi bedijithali nabangalawulwayo bengaphandle kwesakhelo se-credit bureau, umboleki unokuba neemali-mboleko ezininzi ezisebenzayo ekungekho khangela luya kuziveza.

Ukulibaziseka kweengxelo. Imali-mboleko ethathwe kwiveki ephelileyo isenokungabonakali kangangeeveki ezininzi. Abafaki-zicelo abafaka izicelo kubabolekisi abaninzi ngexesha elifutshane bayayisebenzisa le nto, ngabom okanye ngenye indlela.

Iziqinisekiso zixhomekeke kwiimeko ezizayo, hayi kwixesha langoku. Umboleki oqinisekisa iimali-mboleko ezininzi ze-sacco unetyala elifihlakeleyo i-DTI engalihoyiyo de libe linyani, ngelo xesha lifika lonke ngaxeshanye.

Amanyathelo okhuseleko asebenzayo: uhlalutyo lweengxelo zebhanki nezemali yeselula ukuze kuchongwe iindlela zokuhlawula kubabolekisi ezingazange zivele kwingxelo ye-bureau; imibuzo ethe ngqo ngezibophelelo ezingekho sikweni, ebuzwa njengesiqhelo kunokuba ibe sisityholo; umda okhuselekileyo phakathi komlinganiselo obaliweyo kunye nomda womgaqo-nkqubo; nokuphinda kujongwe i-bureau ngoko nangoko phambi kokukhutshwa kwemali kwiimali-mboleko ezinkulu kunokuba kube kuphela ngexesha lesicelo.

Apho i-DTI iphazama khona

Ingeniso epheleleyo esetyenziselwa ababoleki abanengeniso ephantsi. Owona mthombo mnye omkhulu wokubaxa ukukwazi ukuhlawula, ngenxa yezizathu ezichazwe apha ngasentla.

Imali-mboleko entsha eshiywe ngaphandle kwinani elingentla. Ivelisa umlinganiselo ochaza imeko engayi kubakho xa imali-mboleko sele ibhaliwe.

Ingeniso engazinzanga. Ixesha elongezelelweyo, ikhomishini, imivuzo yamaxesha onyaka nenyanga enye eyomeleleyo zithathwa njengezisisigxina.

Iindleko zekhaya ziqikelelwa kunokuba zibuzwe. Ukutsalwa okuqhelekileyo kusetyenziswa kuye wonke umenzi-sicelo kungakhathaliseki ubungakanani bekhaya, abaxhomekekanga okanye umjikelo weentlawulo zesikolo.

Ukutshintshwa kwemali-mboleko kubalwa kabini, okanye akubalwa kwaphela. Apho imali-mboleko entsha ihlawula ekhoyo, intlawulo endala kufuneka isuswe kwinani elingentla — kodwa kuphela ukuba ukuhlawulwa kwayo kungumqathango wokukhutshwa kwemali kwaye kuyanyanzeliswa ngokwenene.

Umlinganiselo ubalwa kanye kwaye awuphindi ubalwe. I-DTI yomboleki ekuqaleni kwemali-mboleko ayithethi nto ngemeko yakhe kwiminyaka emibini kamva, emva kwezinye iimali-mboleko ezintathu kwenye indawo. Kwiifasilithi ezijikelezayo nakwizigqibo zokongeza, eli nani lifuna ukuhlaziywa.

Ukuthatha umda njengovavanyo. Umda ophezulu ngumda, hayi uvavanyo. Iimali-mboleko eziphumelela umlinganiselo zisenokusilela, kwaye luhlolo olubhaqa zona.