Imalimboleko yezolimo

Imalimboleko yezolimo iyisikweletu esinikezwayo ukuxhasa umsebenzi wokulima — ukukhiqiza izitshalo, imfuyo, imishini, umhlaba, ukugcinwa noma ukucubungula — futhi esibuyiselwa ngemali engenayo ekhiqizwa yilowo msebenzi. Kubizwa nangokuthi isikweletu sepulazi, ezezimali zezolimo noma isikweletu sezolimo.

Okuhlukanisa lokhu nokubolekwa kwebhizinisi elivamile akuyona imboni kodwa ukwakheka kokugeleza kwemali. Umlimi usebenzisa imali eningi ngesikhathi sokutshala futhi akatholi lutho kuze kube ukuvuna. Zonke izinqumo zokwakha ekubolekeni kwezolimo zilandela lokho kungahambisani.

Kungani ukubolekwa kwezolimo kwehlukile

Imali engenayo ifika ngenqwaba eyodwa, hhayi ngomfudlana. Umlimi wommbila uthola imali engenayo kanye noma kabili ngonyaka. Uhlelo lwezitolimende zanyanga zonke olubekwe phezu kwalolo hlobo lwenza ukungakhokhi ezinyangeni lapho kungekho mali engenayo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ipulazi linenzuzo engakanani.

Ingozi iyahlangana ndawonye. Isomiso asimthinti umbolekwa oyedwa. Sithinta wonke umbolekwa esifundeni ngasikhathi sinye, kanye nabaqinisekisi babo, amalungu amaqembu abo kanye nabadayisi abathenga kubo. Ukwehlukanisa ngaphakathi kwendawo encane kuyinkohliso kakhulu, yingakho amaphothifoliyo ezolimo angashintsha esuka esimeni esihle aye esimeni esibucayi ngenkathi eyodwa kuphela.

Isivuno asinaso isiqiniseko ngisho nalapho ukuphatha kukuhle. Imvula, izinambuzane, izifo kanye nekhwalithi yezinto ezisetshenziswayo konke kungaphandle kokulawula kombolekwa. Ikhono lokubuyisa liwukusatshalaliswa kwamathuba, hhayi inani eliqinisekile.

Izintengo ziyashintsha ngemva kwesinqumo sokubolekwa. Intengo yasemapulazini ngesikhathi sokuvuna ingahluka kakhulu entengweni ebicatshangwa ngesikhathi sokukhishwa kwemali, futhi ngokuvamile yehla lapho wonke umuntu evuna ngasikhathi sinye.

Imijikelezo yezinto eziphilayo ibeka uhlelo lwezikhathi. Isitshalo sesihlahla singase singavezi isivuno iminyaka eminingana. Imfuyo ezalaniswayo ikhiqiza izinzuzo ngohlelo olungaguquki lwezinto eziphilayo; akukho imali yokusebenza engasheshisa lolo hlelo, noma ingakanani.

Isibambiso sinqabile futhi kunzima ukusiguqula sibe imali. Umhlaba uvame ukubanjwa ngaphansi kobunikazi obungokwesiko noma obungabhalisiwe obungenakusetshenziswa njengesibambiso. Izimpahla zepulazi ezinyakazayo zisakazekile, kunzima ukuzilinganisela inani futhi kunzima kakhulu ukuzibuyisa.

Ababolekwa basakazeke ezindaweni ezahlukene. Ukusungula, ukuqapha nokuqoqa konke kubiza kakhulu ngeyunithi ebolekiwe kunokuboleka emadolobheni, okuphakamisa izinga elidingekayo ukuze kungabi khona ukulahlekelwa.

Izinhlobo zemalimboleko yezolimo

Imalimboleko yesizini yezinto zokulima. Imali yesikhathi esifushane ekhava imbewu, umanyolo, amakhemikhali ezolimo, abasebenzi kanye nokulungiselela umhlaba ngesizini eyodwa. Ikhishwa ngaphambi kokutshala, ibuyiswa ngemva kokuvuna. Uhlobo oluvame kakhulu, futhi ngokuvamile olunemali encane kakhulu.

Imalimboleko yesikhathi esimisiwe yokuthenga imishini. Ukuxhaswa ngezimali kwesikhathi esimaphakathi kwamathrekta, izinhlelo zokunisela, amageja, izinsiza zokusenga noma imishini yokucubungula, okubuyiselwa phakathi nezinkathi eziningana zonyaka futhi ngokuvamile kunesibambiso sempahla uqobo lwayo.

Imalimboleko yokuthenga noma yokuthuthukisa umhlaba. Ukuxhaswa ngezimali kwesikhathi eside kokuthenga umhlaba noma kokuthuthukisa okuhlala njalo njengemigodi yamanzi, uthango, amatshele noma ukutshala izitshalo ezihlala isikhathi eside. Kudinga ubunikazi bomhlaba obuvikelekile nobudluliselwa kwabanye ukuze kukwazi ukubolekwa ngezinga elikhulu.

Imalimboleko yemfuyo. Ukuxhaswa ngezimali kokuthenga izilwane zokuzalanisa, izilwane ezikhuluphelishwayo, amaqoqo ezinkukhu noma imihlambi yezinkomo zobisi. Isikhathi sokukhokha silandela umjikelezo wemvelo—amasonto ezinkukhu ezikhuliselwa inyama, iminyaka ekuzaleni izinkomo.

Imalimboleko ngerisidi yendlu yokugcina impahla. Imalimboleko evikelwe ngempahla egciniwe egcinwe endlini yokugcina eqinisekisiwe, lapho irisidi isebenza njengesibambiso. Ivumela umlimi ukuthi agweme ukudayisa ngesikhathi amanani ephansi ngemva kokuvuna futhi akhokhe lapho amanani esebuyela phezulu.

Imali yochungechunge lwenani noma yokulima ngenkontileka. Isikweletu esinikezwa ngenxa yesivumelwano sokuthenga nomthengi — umcubunguli, umthumeli noma umqoqi — ovame ukukhipha imalimboleko enkokhelweni yomkhiqizo olethwayo. Ubudlelwano nomthengi bungena esikhundleni sezinto ezimbili isibambiso nengqalasizinda yokuqoqa izikweletu.

Imali yokusebenza yokucubungula ezolimo nokuhweba. Ukuxhaswa ngezimali kwabagayayo, abaqoqi, abathengisi bezinto zokufaka kanye nabahwebi abasebenza ngemva kwepulazi, ngomjikelezo wemali omfushane novamile ukwedlula ukubolekwa kokukhiqiza.

Imali yezimo eziphuthumayo noma yokuhlela kabusha. Isikweletu esinikezwa ngemva kwesimo esibi ukuze umlimi akwazi ukutshala ngesizini elandelayo kunokuba ayeke ukulima ngokuphelele. Kunzima ngokwezohwebo, futhi ngokuvamile kuncike ezinhlelweni zokuqinisekisa noma ekuxhasweni ngezimali okunemibandela emihle.

Ukuhlela ukubuyiswa kwemali

Yilapho ukubolekwa kwezolimo kuvame ukwenziwa kabi khona, futhi kulapho okulungiswa kalula khona.

Ukubuyiswa kwemali okukodwa ngesikhathi sokuvuna. Isamba esiyinhloko nenzalo kukhokhwa ngesitolimende esisodwa ngemva kokudayiswa kwesivuno. Kulula futhi kuhambisana nokugeleza kwemali, kodwa kuhlanganisa wonke umngcipheko wokubuyiswa ngosuku olulodwa.

Isikhathi somusa sokungakhokhi isamba esiyinhloko. Inzalo iyakhokhwa noma iyanqwabelana phakathi nesizini yokukhula, ukukhokhwa kwesamba esiyinhloko kuqala kuphela lapho imali engenayo ifika.

Ukukhishwa kwemali ngezigaba. Izimali zikhishwa ngokuhambisana nohlelo lwangempela lokukhiqiza—ukulungisa umhlabathi, ukutshala, ukufaka umquba, abasebenzi bokuvuna—hhayi njengesamba esisodwa ekuqaleni. Lokhu kunciphisa ukuphambukiswa kwezimali ezintweni ezingezona ezokulima futhi kwehlisa izindleko zenzalo kumboleki.

Izitolimende ezingahlelekile ezihambisana nemali engenayo. Izinkokhelo ezinkulu ezinyangeni ezilandela ukuvuna noma ukudayiswa kobisi, izinkokhelo ezincane noma ezingekho ezinyangeni ezinzima. Kunzima kakhulu ekuphathweni, futhi kunembe kakhulu ngokoqobo ukwedlula uhlelo lwezinkokhelo ezilinganayo.

Ukukhishwa ngempahla. Izinto zokulima ezihlinzekwa ngokuqondile umdayisi wezolimo esikhundleni semali ekhishwe ngaphambili. Kuqinisekisa ukuthi imalimboleko ithenga lokho okwakugunyazwe ukukuthenga, kodwa kunciphisa ukuguquguquka komboleki.

Ukudonswa emthonjeni. Umthengi womkhiqizo udonsa imalimboleko ezinkokhelweni zomkhiqizo ngaphambi kokuba umlimi azithole. Indlela ephumelela kakhulu yokuqoqa etholakalayo ekubolekiseni kwezolimo, futhi iyisizathu sokuthi ukuxhaswa ngezimali kochungechunge lwevelu kusebenze kangcono kunokubolekisa okuzimele kokukhiqiza.

Umgomo ojwayelekile: amashadi okukhokha kufanele akhiwe ngokususela ekhalendeni lokugeleza kwemali lebhizinisi, hhayi abekwe ebhizinisini. Inani lezikweletu ezingakhokhiwe elikhiqizwa ishadi elingasinaki isizini likala ishadi, hhayi umboleki.

Ukuhlola umboleki wezolimo

Ithuluzi eliyinhloko yibhajethi yebhizinisi — ukulinganisela komsebenzi othile wesitshalo noma wezilwane oxhaswayo:

• Indawo elinywayo noma ubukhulu bomhlambi, okuqinisekiswayo kunokuba kumane kushiwo.
• Isivuno esilindelekile ngeyunithi ngayinye, esiqhathaniswa nezilinganiso ezivamile zesifunda kunokuba siqhathaniswe nonyaka omuhle kakhulu womlimi.
• Izindleko zezinto zokulima ngamanani amanje, kuhlanganise nomsebenzi.
• Intengo elindelekile yasemnyango wepulazi, eyehliswa kusukela entengweni ephakeme futhi ihlolwa ngezinga eliphansi.
• Inzuzo ephelele kanye nensalela etholakalayo yokukhokha ngemva kokusetshenziswa kwasekhaya.
• Isikhathi sazo zonke izindleko kanye nayo yonke imali engenayo phakathi nesizini yonke.

Izici ezengeziwe:

• Ulwazi lokulima ngalesi sitshalo noma isilwane esithile, oluqagela isivuno ngokwethembeka ukwedlula ulwazi olujwayelekile.
• Ukuncika ekuniseleni noma emvuleni. Ipulazi eliniselwayo linobungozi obuhluke kakhulu kunelincike emvuleni, futhi akufanele linikezwe intengo efanayo.
• Ukuhlukahluka kwezitshalo, imfuyo kanye nemali engenayo engaphandle kwepulazi, okwenza kube lula ukuthi ikhaya likwazi ukusinda uma elinye ibhizinisi lehluleka.
• Ukufinyelela emakethe — ukuthi kukhona yini umthengi, ebangeni elingakanani, futhi ngayiphi imibandela.
• Isivumelwano somthengi womkhiqizo, lapho sikhona, kanye nokwethembeka komthengi womkhiqizo uqobo.
• Ukusetshenziswa kwasekhaya kudonswa emalini engenayo yepulazi, ngoba ekulimeni kwabalimi abancane kokubili kuyimbiza eyodwa.
• Izibopho ezikhona, kuhlanganise nesikweletu sezinsiza-kulima esivela kubathengisi, okungavamile ukubikwa kunoma yiliphi ibhiro.

Isibambiso nokuvikeleka

Umhlaba uyisibambiso esisobala futhi ngokuvamile yisona esingatholakali. Lapho ilungelo lomhlaba lingokwesiko, elemphakathi noma lingabhalisiwe, ngokuvamile awukwazi ukubekwa njengesibambiso noma ukuguqulwa ube imali. Lapho itayitela likhona, umhlaba wezolimo ungahamba kancane futhi kube nzima ngokwepolitiki ukuwuphoqelela.

Izimpahla ezigudlukayo — ogandaganda, amaphampu, imishini yokucubungula — zingabhaliswa kurejista yezibambiso zezimpahla ezigudlukayo lapho igunya lendawo lisebenza khona, futhi ziqoshwe kurejista yesibambiso yombolekisi uqobo enezinombolo ze-serial nezenjini.

Imfuyo ingasebenza njengesibambiso kodwa iyanyakaza, kunzima ukuyazi ngaphandle kokuyimaka, futhi isengozini yokushaqeka okufanayo kwezifo okubangela ukwehluleka ukukhokha.

Amarisidi asendaweni yokugcina impahla aphakathi kwamathuluzi asebenzayo kakhulu atholakalayo, njengoba impahla iphethwe umuntu wesithathu ngaphansi kohlelo oluqinisekisiwe futhi ingathengiswa ngaphandle kokujaha umboleki.

Izitshalo ezingakavunwa zingabekwa njengesibambiso kwezinye izindawo zomthetho, nakuba ukuguqula isibambiso sesitshalo kube imali kudinga ukuthi isitshalo siphile kuze kube ukuvuna, okuwuyona ngozi okukhulunywa ngayo.

Iziqinisekiso zamaqembu kanye nesibopho esihlanganyelwe zithatha indawo yokuphoqelelwa komphakathi esikhundleni sokuvikeleka ngempahla. Zisebenza kahle ekwehlulekeni ukukhokha komuntu oyedwa futhi azisebenzi kahle ekushaqekeni okuthinta bonke, ngoba uma izimvula zihluleka iqembu lonke lihluleka ndawonye.

Ukuphatha ubungozi bezolimo

• Umshuwalense wenkomba yesimo sezulu, okhokha ngokwenkomba yemvula ekaliwe noma yezimila esikhundleni sokulahlekelwa okuhloliwe, futhi ogwema izindleko zokuqinisekisa isimangalo somuntu ngamunye.
• Umshuwalense wezitshalo nemfuyo, ngezinye izikhathi ohlanganiswa nemalimboleko njengombandela wokukhishwa kwemali.
• Izivumelwano zomthengi womkhiqizo, eziqinisekisa intengo nomthengi ngaphambi kokutshala.
• Ukuhlukahluka ngokwendawo ezindaweni ezehlukene zemvula, okuwukuphela kokuhlukahluka okubhekana ngempumelelo nobungozi obuthinta bonke.
• Imikhawulo yephothifoliyo ngokwesitshalo, isifunda nesizini.
• Izinhlelo zeziqinisekiso, lapho uhulumeni noma isikhungo sokuthuthukisa simunca ingxenye yokulahlekelwa ekubolekisweni kwezolimo okufanelekayo.
• Ukukhishwa kwemali ngezigaba nokuhlinzekwa ngezinto ezibonakalayo, okunciphisa ukuphambukiswa.
• Inqubomgomo yokuhlela kabusha ebekwe ngaphambili, ukuze isizini embi ibhekwane nempendulo ehleliwe esikhundleni sokuthi kube nempendulo engahleliwe.

Umongo wenqubomgomo

Ezolimo zithola ukungenelela kwenqubomgomo okuningi kunanoma yimuphi omunye umkhakha wokubolekisa. Izici ezivamile ezimakethe zihlanganisa izinhloso zebhange elikhulu noma izabelo zokubolekisa kwezolimo, izikhwama zokuqinisekisa ingxenye yesikweletu, uxhaso lwenzalo, izinhlelo zoxhaso lwezinto zokufaka ezishintsha isisekelo sezindleko zomboleki maphakathi nesizini, amafasitela okuxhasa kabusha kwababolekisi abasebenza kulo mkhakha, kanye nokuxolelwa kwesikweletu ngezikhathi ezithile ngemva kokushaqeka okukhulu.

Okokugcina kwalokhu kunengozi efanele ukuqanjwa igama. Izinhlelo zokuxolela zidambisa usizi lwangempela futhi ngasikhathi sinye zifundisa ababoleki ukuthi ukukhokha ngemva kwesizini embi kungase kube ngokuzikhethela. Ababolekisi abasebenza ezimakethe lapho ukuxolelwa kwenzekile kufanele balindele ukuthi umphumela wokuxolelwa ekuziphatheni kokukhokha uzoqhubeka iminyaka.

Izindlela ezivamile zokuhluleka

• Izitolimende zanyanga zonke emalini engenayo yesizini. Kukhiqiza izikweletu ezingakhokhiwe ezingakhombisi lutho ngepulazi.
• Ukuqagela kwesivuno okuvela eminyakeni emihle. Ukuthatha isilinganiso kuwo wonke umjikelezo ohlanganisa ukuhluleka kuyisona kuphela isisekelo esinokuzithethelela.
• Amanani aphakeme acatshangwa ngesikhathi sokuvuna. Amanani ayawa lapho ukunikezwa kufika.
• Ukusetshenziswa kwasekhaya akunakwa. Inzuzo ephelele yepulazi ayitholakali ukuze kukhokhwe ngokugcwele.
• Ukukhishwa kwemali okuphuzile. Imali yezinto zokufaka ekhishwe ngemva kokuba ifasitela lokutshala selivaliwe kubi kakhulu kunokungabi nayo imali, ngoba umboleki uthwala isikweletu ngaphandle kwesivuno.
• Isikweletu somdayisi wezinto zokufaka esingatholiwe. Isibopho esihambisanayo esingarekhodwa yinoma yiliphi ihhovisi futhi esivame ukukhokhwa kuqala.
• Iphothifoliyo egxilile endaweni eyodwa yemvula kanye nesitshalo esisodwa. Iphumelela umboleki ngomboleki, yehluleka konke ngasikhathi sinye.
• Ukubolekisa kweqembu okuthenjelwa kukho ngobungozi obuhambisanayo. Isibopho esihlanganyelwe asikwazi ukumunca ukushaqeka okuthinta wonke amalungu ngasikhathi sinye.