Ukusebenza kokuqokelela / izinga lokuqokelela

Impumelelo yokuqokelela (ekwabizwa ngokuba lizinga lokuqokelela okanye CE) ilinganisa umyinge weentlawulo zemali-mboleko ezicwangcisiweyo athe umbolekisi waziqokelela ngokwenene ngexesha elithile. Iboniswa njengepesenti yesixa esifunekayo.

Impumelelo yokuqokelela = Isixa esiqokelelweyo / Isixa esifunekayo × 100

Yimetriki yokuhamba : ichaza indlela yokuziphatha yokuhlawula ngexesha elithile, ngokwahlukileyo kwiimetriki zestokhwe ezifana nepotfoliyo esemngciphekweni, ezichaza imeko yencwadi ngexesha elithile. Olo mahluko ngumthombo wobuninzi bokuba luncedo kwayo naphantse konke ukusetyenziswa kakubi kwayo.

Impumelelo yokuqokelela yimetriki eqhelekileyo yokusebenza yoqokelelo lwasendle ekubolekiseni — imali encinci, ukubolekisa ngamaqela, imali yempahla kunye netyala labathengi — kuba isabela ngoko nangoko koko kwenzekayo endle, ngelixa PAR ithatha iiveki ukushukuma.

Iinguqulelo Zefomyula

Akukho nkcazelo enye ekuvunyelwene ngayo, kwaye ipotfoliyo enye inokuxela ngokunyanisekileyo amanani ahlukene ngamanqaku eepesenti alishumi ngokuxhomekeke ekubeni yiyiphi esetyenzisiweyo. Iinguqulelo eziphambili:

1. Impumelelo yokuqokelela yangoku (CCE)

Ekwabizwa ngokuba impumelelo yokuhlawulisa okanye impumelelo yokuqokelela imfuno.

CCE = Uqokelelo oluchasene nemfuno yexesha langoku / Imfuno yexesha langoku × 100

Kubalwa kuphela izavenge ezifanele ukuhlawulwa ngelo xesha, kwaye kuphela iintlawulo ezisetyenziswe kwezo zavenge. Amatyala ashiyekileyo afunyenwe kumaxesha angaphambili kunye neentlawulo zangaphambili azibandakanywa. I-CCE ayinakudlula kwi-100%. Lo ngumlinganiselo ocacileyo wokuba izibophelelo zangoku ziyahlangatyezwa ngexesha na.

2. Impumelelo yokuqokelela iyonke (okanye egcweleyo)

CE iyonke = Lonke uqokelelo olufunyenwe ngexesha / Imfuno yexesha langoku × 100

Inani eliphezulu libandakanya ukufunyanwa kwaamatyala ashiyekileyo angaphambili, iintlawulo zangaphambili, ukuhlawulwa kwangoko kunye neengeniso zokuhluthwa kwempahla. I-CE iyonke inako kwaye ihlala idlula kwi-100%, nto leyo eyenza ibe linani elihle lomxholo kunye nesalathisi esibi esizimeleyo.

3. Impumelelo yokuqokelela eyongezelelweyo

CE eyongezelelweyo = Iyonke eqokelelwe ukususela ekuqalisweni / Imfuno iyonke ephakanyisiweyo ukususela ekuqalisweni × 100

Isetyenziswa kwiqela okanye kwivintage kunokuba kwixesha elithile. Iluncedo ekuvavanyeni ukuba inyanga ethile yokuqaliswa iqhube njani kubomi bayo, kodwa ihamba kancinci kwaye ayivakaleli utshintsho lwakutsha nje.

4. Impumelelo yokuqokelela ngokweebhakethi

Ukusebenza kokuqokelelwa kubalwa ngokwahlukileyo kwibhakethi ngalinye lokungahlawuli — elikhoyo ngoku, iintsuku ezi-1–30 ezidlulileyo, ezingama-31–60, njalo njalo. Ngamanye amaxesha kubikwa njenge resolution okanye amazinga okubuyela umva: umlinganiselo wee-akhawunti ezikwibhakethi ezibuyele kwimeko ekhoyo ngoku ngexesha elo.

Olu lolona hlobo luncedo ekuxilongeni, kuba inani elinye elidityanisiweyo alikuxeleli nto nge apho ukuqokelelwa kusilela khona.

Umzekelo Osebenzayo

Incwadi yemali-mboleko yombolekisi ngenyanga ethile:

• Izavenge ezicwangcisiweyo eziwela kule nyanga (imfuno): 1,000,000
• Okuqokelelweyo ngokuchasene nemfuno yale nyanga: 920,000
• Okuqokelelweyo ngokuchasene namatyala ashiyekileyo kwiinyanga ezidlulileyo: 60,000
• Iintlawulo zangaphambili kunye nokuhlawulwa kwangoko okufunyenweyo: 40,000
• Imali iyonke eqokelelweyo: 1,020,000

Ukusebenza kokuqokelelwa kwangoku = 920,000 / 1,000,000 × 100 = 92%
Ukusebenza kokuqokelelwa iyonke = 1,020,000 / 1,000,000 × 100 = 102%

Inani eliphambili le-102% lifundeka njengelibalaseleyo. Enyanisweni i-8% yezibophelelo zenyanga ayizange ihlawulwe, kwaye ipotfoliyo yongeze i-80,000 kumatyala ashiyekileyo. Kuphela kukukhutshelwa ngaphandle kokufunyanwa kwetyala elishiyekileyo kunye neentlawulo zangaphambili okuyivezayo.

Umgaqo osebenzayo: xela i-CCE kunye ne-CE iyonke ecaleni kwecala, kwaye ungaze upapashe inani elingaphezulu kwe-100% ngaphandle kokuchaza into ekwinombolo ephezulu.

Ingxaki yokuFihla ukuKhula

Olu lolona thintelo lubalulekileyo lomlinganiselo, kwaye lolona luhlala lungaphoswa.

Iimali-mboleko ezisanda kukhutshwa phantse zisoloko zihlawula izavenge zazo zokuqala ngexesha. Kwipotfoliyo ekhula ngokukhawuleza, iimali-mboleko zamva nje zenza isabelo esikhulu semfuno yangoku, ngoko ukusebenza kwazo okuphantse kugqibelele kwangoko kulawula inani elidityanisiweyo — ngelixa iivintage ezindala, eziwohlokayo zixutywa zide zingabonakali.

Umphumo: ukusebenza kokuqokelelwa kungahlala kuzinzile okanye kuphucuke ngexesha lokuwohloka komgangatho wetyala, ngenxa nje yokuba incwadi iyakhula. Umlinganiselo uqinisekisa kakhulu kanye kwindawo apho ukukhula kugqitha umgangatho wokuhlola ityala.

Iindlela ezimbini zokuzikhusela:

• Vintage okanye umbono weqela. Bala ukusebenza kokuqokelelwa ngokwahlukileyo ngenyanga yokuqalwa kwetyala, ukuze ukusebenza kweqela ngalinye kubonakale ngokwalo kunokuba kudityaniswe nokubolekisa okutsha.
• Khupha iiakhawunti zentlawulo yokuqala kwinani elidityanisiweyo, okanye zinike ingxelo yazo zodwa. Izinga lokusilela kwentlawulo yokuqala lona ngokwalo luphawu lwexabiso eliphezulu lokuvavanya umngcipheko.

Ukusebenza Kokuqokelelwa Xa Kuthelekiswa Nezinye Iimethrikhi Zetyala

• Ukusebenza kokuqokelelwa (Ukuqukuqela): Ilinganisa isabelo semali efunekayo ethe yaqokelelwa kwelo xesha. Iphendula ngoko nangoko.
• Ipotfoliyo Esemngciphekweni / PAR (Isitokhwe): Ilinganisa isabelo sepotfoliyo engekahlawulwa eneentsalela ezidlulileyo. Iphendula emva kwexesha.
• I-roll rate (Ukuqukuqela): Ilinganisa intshukumo yeeakhawunti phakathi kweebhakethi zokungahlawuli. Iphendula ngoko nangoko.
• Umlinganiselo wokucinywa kwetyala (Ukuqukuqela): Ilinganisa ilahleko ezamkelwe ngokusesikweni kweli xesha. Iphendula xa kusenziwa isigqibo somgaqo-nkqubo.
• Izinga lokuhlawula ngexesha (Ukuqukuqela): Ilinganisa isabelo sezavenge ezihlawulwe ngomhla obekiweyo. Iphendula ngoko nangoko.

Ukusebenza kokuqokelelwa kunye ne-PAR ziphendula imibuzo eyahlukileyo kwaye zinokwahluka ngokufanelekileyo. Ipotfoliyo inokubonisa i-98% CCE — ukuqokelelwa okuqinileyo kwangoku — ngelixa inamazinga aphezulu e-PAR asuka kwimbali yokungahlawuli kwakudala okungasavelisi mali efunekayo ngoku. Kusenokwenzeka nangokwahlukileyo: i-PAR ephantsi kunye ne-CCE ehlayo zibonisa ukuwohloka okungekangeni kwiibhakethi ze-PAR.

Akukho mlinganiselo unokuthenjwa wodwa. Zifunde zidibene, kunye namazinga okuhamba phakathi kwazo.

Imigibe Eqhelekileyo Yokulinganisa

Ukuchaza "imali efunekayo" ngokungahambelaniyo. Imali efunekayo mayithethe izavenge ezifanele ukuhlawulwa ngokwesivumelwano kwelo xesha. Amanye amaziko abandakanya amatyala ashiyekileyo agqithiselwe phambili kwimali efunekayo, nto leyo ethoba umlinganiselo; amanye awawabandakanyi, nto leyo ewunyusayo. Zombini zinokuthetheleleka; ukuzixuba kumaxesha ahlukileyo akunakuthetheleleka.

Iziphumo zokwabiwa kwentlawulo. Apho intlawulo engaphelelanga ifunyenweyo, indlela eyabiwa ngayo kuzo izohlwayo, iifizi, inzala kunye nemali eyintloko phantsi kwale mithetho ye-waterfall imisela okubalwa njenge "qokelelwe ngokuchasene nemali efunekayo." I-waterfall ecoca iifizi kuqala ingashiya isavenge semali eyintloko singahlawulwanga ngokobuchule nangona imali ifunyenwe. Ingqiqo yokwabiwa kufuneka iqondwe phambi kokuba umlinganiselo utolikwe.

Ukunqanyulwa kwemali ekhoyo ngokuchasene ne-accrual. Iintlawulo ezenziwe ngomhla wokugqibela wenyanga kodwa zafakwa ngomhla wokuqala wenyanga elandelayo ziyawushenxisa umlinganiselo phakathi kwamaxesha. Ukuqokelelwa kwedijithali okufunyenwe ngaphandle kweeyure zokusebenza kungunobangela oqhelekileyo woku.

Ukubala imithombo engeyiyo eyababoleki njengokuqokelelwa. Iimali ezisetyenziswe kwiimali ezongiweyo ezinyanzelekileyo, iingxowa-mali zamaqela, iidiphozithi zokhuseleko okanye iintlawulo zabaqinisekisi ziyimbuyekezo evela kwisibambiso, hayi ubungqina bamandla okuhlawula omboleki. Ukuzifaka kuyawunyusa umlinganiselo kwaye kufihla ukuwohloka.

Ukuhlengahlengisa. Ukuhlengahlengisa imali-mboleko esengxakini kunciphisa okanye kumisela ngokutsha imali efunekayo, nto leyo ephucula ukusebenza kokuqokelelwa ngokuzenzekelayo ngaphandle kokuphucuka kwimeko yomboleki. Umthamo ohlengahlengisiweyo kufuneka unikelwe ingxelo kunye ne-CE.

Ukungaguquli ibe yonyaka okanye ukungalungisi ixesha. Ukusebenza kokuqokelelwa kweveki, kweeveki ezimbini kunye nokwenyanga akuthelekiseki, kwaye iimveliso zexesha elifutshane ezinezavenge zeveki zivelisa amanani ahluke kakhulu kwiipotfoliyo ezihlawula nyanga.

Ukudibanisa iimveliso. Ipotfoliyo yemali-mboleko yeqela eneentlanganiso zeveki kunye nepotfoliyo yomntu ngamnye ehlawula nyanga zineendlela zokuqokelelwa ezahlukileyo ngokwesakhiwo kwaye akufuneki zabelane ngenani elinye le-CE.

Yintoni Eqhuba Ukusebenza Kokuqokelelwa

Ijelo lokuhlawula. Ukuqokelelwa kwemali ezintlanganisweni kuxhomekeke ngokupheleleyo kubukho nokuza kwabasebenzi. Amajelo edijithali, imiyalelo esisigxina kunye nokutsalwa kwemali ngefowuni kususa oko kuxhomekeka kodwa kuzisa iindlela zokungaphumeleli ezizezazo — ibhalansi enganelanga, iimandethi eziphelelwe lixesha, ukuphazamiseka kwenethiwekhi.

Ukuphindaphindwa kwezavenge kunye nexesha. Ukuhambelanisa imihla yokuhlawula nomjikelo wengeniso yomboleki — iintsuku zentengiso, ixesha lokuvuna, umhla womvuzo — kuphucula ngokubonakalayo ukuhlawula ngexesha.

Uqeqesho lwezikhumbuzo. Izikhumbuzo zangaphambi komhla wokuhlawula zihlala zibiza kancinci kwaye zisebenza ngakumbi kunokulandelela emva komhla.

Umthamo wabasebenzi basendle kunye nokutshintsha kwabasebenzi. Inani lamatyala ngokwegosa ngalinye kunye nobude bexesha lokusebenza kwegosa zombini zizibikezeli ezinamandla. Ukusebenza kokuqokelela kudla ngokuhla kabukhali kwiiveki emva kokuba igosa lishiyile ipotfoliyo.

Ukuzimasa iintlanganiso zamaqela, apho indlela yokusebenza ixhomekeke kuko.

Amaxesha onyaka. Imijikelo yezolimo, amaxesha eentlawulo zesikolo kunye namaxesha emithendeleko avelisa ukwehla okuqikelelwayo. Ukuthelekisa inyanga nenyanga ngaphandle kwesiseko samaxesha onyaka kuvelisa izilumkiso ezingeyonyani nentuthuzelo engeyonyani ngokulinganayo.

Uyilo lwezikhuthazi. Izikhuthazi zabasebenzi ezibotshelelwe ekusebenzeni kokuqokelela zingavelisa ukuziphatha okugwenxa: ukucinezela ababoleki ukuba baboleke ngokungekho sikweni ukuze bahlawule isavenge, ukuqhubeleka imali ngokobuqu, okanye ukwabiwa kakubi kweentlawulo kwiiakhawunti. Izikhuthazi kufuneka zibhekisele ekusebenzeni kwe-vintage kunye nomgangatho wepotfoliyo, hayi kumyinge ophambili kuphela.

Indlela Yokuyisebenzisa Kakuhle

• Xela i-CCE njengenani eliphambili, kunye ne-CE iyonke ecaleni kwaye ibhalwe ngokucacileyo.
• Yahlula nge-vintage kuqala. Amaqela ngokwenyanga yokuqalwa asusa ifuthe lokufihla ukukhula kwaye ikuphela kwembono echaza ngokuthembekileyo ukusebenza kwisigqibo sokubolekisa esakubangela.
• Yongeza amazinga okusombulula ngokwamabakethi. Ukwazi ukuba i-92% yemali ebifunwayo ngoku iqokelelwe akunakunceda kangako njengokwazi ukuba ukuqokelelwa kwebakethi yangoku kuyi-98% ngelixa ibakethi leentsuku ezingama-31–60 lisombulula nge-12%.
• Landelela ukusilela kwentlawulo yokuqala ngokwahlukileyo. Lo ngumyinge wovavanyo lokubolekisa ozifihla njengomyinge wokuqokelela, kwaye yenye yezibonakalisi zokuqala ezikhoyo ebonisa ingxaki yokuhlola.
• Yahlula ngesebe, ngegosa, ngemveliso, ngecandelo kunye nomjikelo wemali-mboleko. Umahluko wangaphakathi udla ngokuba banzi kwaye unokulungiswa ngakumbi kunalo naluphi na utshintsho oluvela kwixesha ukuya kwelinye.
• Yidibanise ne-PAR, amazinga okuqengqeleka, umthamo ohlengahlengisiweyo kunye nomlinganiselo wokucinywa kwetyala. Nayiphi na enye kwezi ingaphuculwa yodwa ngaphandle kwenguqu yokwenene kumgangatho wetyala; zonke ezi zintlanu zidibene zinzima ukugqwethwa.
• Thelekisa nenyanga efanayo kunyaka ophelileyo, hayi inyanga edlulileyo, kwiiphothifoliyo zamaxesha onyaka.