Intlawulo yokuqalisa / yokucubungula

Intlawulo yokuqalisa yintlawulo ehlawulwa kube kanye kuphela ngomsebenzi wokuvavanya, ukuvuma nokukhuphela imali-mboleko. Ihlawulwa kube kanye, ekuqaleni, yaye idla ngokuchazwa njengepesenti yesixa-mali esibolekiweyo — ngokuqhelekileyo inobuncinane, ubuninzi, okanye zombini.

Intlawulo efanayo ivela phantsi kwamagama amaninzi: intlawulo yokucubungula, intlawulo yokuqaliswa, intlawulo yokulungiselela, intlawulo yefasilithi, intlawulo ehlawulwa kwangaphambili, intlawulo yokukhuphela imali, okanye — kwimali-mboleko yezindlu e-United States — iipoyinti.

Ihlukile kwintlawulo yenkonzo, ephindwa rhoqo ngenyanga ukuze kulawulwe iakhawunti. Ukuqalisa kuhlawulela ukusekwa kwemali-mboleko; ulawulo lwenkonzo luhlawulela ukuyiqhuba.

Ihlawulela ntoni

• Ukwamkelwa kwezicelo nokufakwa kwedatha
• Ukuqinisekiswa kwesazisi kunye nokuhlolwa kwe-KYC
• Uvavanyo lwekhredithi, imibuzo ye-bureau kunye nokufakwa kwamanqaku
• Ukuqinisekiswa kwengeniso nengqesho
• Uqikelelo lwexabiso nohlolo, apho imali-mboleko inesibambiso
• Amaxwebhu, ukuqulunqa kwezomthetho nokulungiselela isivumelwano
• Ukugqibeleliswa kwesibambiso — ukubhaliswa kwirejistri yomhlaba okanye yesibambiso
• Ukuqhutywa kokukhuphelwa kwemali kunye neentlawulo zendlela yokuhlawula
• Ikhomishini yomrhwebi, yearhente okanye yegosa lentsimi, apho kufanelekileyo

Njengeendleko zolawulo lwenkonzo, uninzi lwezi zihlawulwa ngesixa esimiselweyo kwisicelo ngasinye, hayi ngokobukhulu bemboleko — yiloo nto iintlawulo zokuqalisa zidla ngokuba nobuncinane besixa kwaye yiloo nto iindlela zentlawulo ezisebenzisa ipesenti kuphela zenza iimali-mboleko ezincinci zingabi nako ukusebenza.

Indlela intlawulo ehlawuliswa ngayo — nokuba kutheni oku kubalulekile

Kukho iindlela ezintathu zokusebenza, kwaye ababoleki bahlala bengayiqondi kakuhle ukuba yeyiphi esebenzayo.

• Itsalwa ekukhutshweni kwemali - Umboleki ufumana: Isixa esibolekiweyo siphungulwe ngentlawulo

  • Inqununu yemali-mboleko: Isixa esipheleleyo esibolekiweyo
  • Inzala iqokelelana: Kwisixa esipheleleyo, kuquka intlawulo

• Ifakwe kwimali-mboleko - Umboleki ufumana: Isixa esipheleleyo esiceliweyo

  • Inqununu yemali-mboleko: Isixa esiceliweyo kunye nentlawulo
  • Inzala iqokelelana: Inqununu enkulu

• Ihlawulwa ngokwahlukileyo ngekheshi - Umboleki ufumana: Isixa esipheleleyo esiceliweyo

  • Inqununu yemali-mboleko: Isixa esiceliweyo
  • Inzala iqokelelana: Isixa esiceliweyo kuphela

Ukutsalwa kwentlawulo yeyona ndlela ixhaphakileyo kwaye yeyona ingaqondwa kakuhle. Umboleki ocela i-$5,000 nentlawulo eyi-3% etsaliweyo usayina imali-mboleko ye-$5,000, ufumana i-$4,850, kwaye uhlawula inzala kwi-$5,000 ngexesha elipheleleyo.

Ukunyusa isixa esipheleleyo

Ukuba umboleki ufuna isixa esithile esifumanekayo, imali-mboleko kufuneka inyuswe:

Gross loan = net amount needed ÷ (1 − fee rate)

Ukuze ufumane i-$5,000 esifumanekayo nentlawulo eyi-3% etsaliweyo:

Gross loan = 5,000 ÷ 0.97 = $5,154.64
Fee        = $154.64

Ayingo-$150. Intlawulo ibalwa kwisixa esipheleleyo, ngoko ukunyusa isixa esipheleleyo kwandisa intlawulo ngokwayo. Oku kunefuthe elincinci kwi-3% kwaye kunefuthe elikhulu kwi-10%.

Ifuthe kwiindleko

Imeko. I-$5,000 nge-18% ngonyaka kangangeenyanga ezingama-24, nentlawulo yokusungula eyi-3%.

Instalment                = $249.62
Total repaid              = $5,990.88
Net received (fee deducted) = $4,850

Quoted rate  = 18% per annum
Actual APR   ≈ 21.2% per annum

Intlawulo enye eyi-3% yongeza malunga ne-3.2 yamanqaku eepesenti kwi-zinga elisebenzayo lemboleko yeminyaka emibini. Kwimali-mboleko yexesha elifutshane yongeza ngaphezulu kakhulu, kuba intlawulo efanayo isasazwa kwixesha elifutshane — intlawulo efanayo eyi-3% kwimali-mboleko yeenyanga ezintandathu yongeza ngaphezulu kwamanqaku eepesenti angama-10.

Ixesha elifutshane lokuboleka kunye nentlawulo yepesenti yeyona ndibaniselwano ibiza kakhulu ekubolekeni, kwaye yiyo kanye le ndlela esetyenziswayo kwimali-mboleko encinci, yexesha elifutshane.

Nokuba intlawulo itsaliwe, ifakwe kwimali-mboleko okanye ihlawulwe ngekheshi akwenzi mahluko ungakanani kwi-zinga elisebenzayo — kuzo zontathu umboleki ulahlekelwe yi-$150 ngosuku lokuqala. Okutshintshayo yimali engakanani esebenzisekayo ashiyeke nayo, kwanokuba ityala elikwisivumelwano lihambelana noko akufumeneyo.

Iintlawulo zokufaka isicelo nokubuyiselwa kwemali

Abanye ababolekisi babiza intlawulo xa kufakwa isicelo kunokuba kube kuxa kukhutshwa imali. Oku kudala ingxaki: abafaki-zicelo abaliweyo bahlawulela isigqibo esingakhange sivelise nto.

Yindlela elungileyo, kwaye ngokuya isiba yimfuneko yolawulo:

• Biza xa kukhutshwa imali, hayi xa kufakwa isicelo
• Xa kukho indleko yokwenene eyenzeka phambi kokukhutshwa kwemali — uqikelelo lwexabiso lepropathi, ukhangelo — biza loo ndleko ethile, uyichaze, kwaye uyidlulise ngexabiso layo
• Buyisa nayiphi na intlawulo ethathiweyo xa imali-mboleko ingaqhubeki ngenxa yezizathu ezingezizo ukurhoxa komboleki
• Ungaze ubize intlawulo ukuze uqwalaselwe ukufumana imali-mboleko

Iintlawulo zangaphambili ezingabuyiswayo kwiimali-mboleko ezingazange zinikwe ziyinto eqhelekileyo yobuqhophololo lokuboleka ngentlawulo yangaphambili, kwaye ababolekisi abasemthethweni kufuneka baphephe nayiphi na indlela efana noko

Iintlawulo ezinxulumeneyo ezingezizo iintlawulo zokuqalisa

• Intlawulo yokuzibophelela — ibizwa kwinxalenye engakhange itsalwe yesibonelelo, imbuyekeza umbolekisi ngokubekela bucala imali angakwaziyo ukuyisebenzisa kwenye indawo. Ixhaphakile kwizibonelelo ezijikelezayo nakwizibonelelo ezizibopheleleyo.
• Amanqaku (i-mortgage) — intlawulo yangaphambili yokuzikhethela yokunciphisa izinga lenzala. Isemthethweni xa inexabiso elifanelekileyo, yaye inokuvavanywa: yahlula iindleko zamanqaku ngemali eyongiweyo ngenyanga ukuze ufumane ixesha lokulingana, emva koko uthelekise nokuba umboleki ulindele ukuyigcina ixesha elingakanani imali-mboleko.
• Iintlawulo ezidluliswayo — uqikelelo lwexabiso, ubhaliso, irhafu yezitampu, iifizi zebhiro. Ezi ziindleko zomntu wesithathu kwaye kufuneka zibizwe ngexabiso lazo, zidweliswe ngokwezinto, zingadityaniswa zibe yipesenti.
• Ukuhlenga-hlenga okanye ukongeza intlawulo — ibizwa xa kuguqulwa. Ukuba ingaba intlawulo yokuqalisa epheleleyo ifanelekile na kwi-top-up iyathandabuzeka, kuba uninzi lomsebenzi wokuhlola wenziwa ekuqaleni.

Ulawulo

Iimfuno eziqhelekileyo kuwo onke amagunya olawulo:

• Imida ephezulu, amaxesha amaninzi ngefomyula — icandelo eliqingqiweyo elidityaniswe nepesenti yenqununu, ngokuxhomekeke kumyinge ophezulu
• Ukuqukwa okunyanzelekileyo kwi APR okanye kwiindleko zizonke zetyala, ukuze intlawulo ingakwazi ukufihlakala ngaphandle kwezinga elicatshulweyo
• Ukubhengezwa phambi kokutyikitya, apho isixa esicocekileyo sokukhutshwa kwemali sichazwa ngokwahlukileyo kwisixa semali-mboleko
• Ukuthintelwa kweentlawulo ezingachazwanga okanye ezongezwa emva kwexesha
• Izithintelo ekubizeni ngaphambi kokuvunywa
• Imida yokubiza kwakhona iintlawulo zokuqalisa zomsebenzi ongaphindwanga, ngakumbi kwii-top-ups kunye nee-refinances

Ukuphathwa kwe-accounting

Kulapho iintlawulo zokuqalisa zahluke kakhulu kwezinye iintlawulo, nalapho ababolekisi abancinci badla ngokwenza impazamo.

Phantsi kwe-IFRS 9, intlawulo yokuqalisa idla ngokuba yinxalenye engundoqo yezinga lenzala elisebenzayo. Ayiyongeniso xa kukhutshwa imali. Endaweni yoko:

1. Intlawulo, emva kokuthabatha iindleko zokuqalisa ezongezelelekileyo ezinxulumene ngqo, iyahlehliswa.
2. Ihlawulwa ngokwamortisation ngalo lonke ixesha elilindelekileyo lemali-mboleko kusetyenziswa izinga lenzala elisebenzayo.
3. Kwimeko yokuhlawulwa kwangethuba, intsalela engeka-amortiswa iyabonakaliswa ngoko nangoko.

Ukubhala iintlawulo zokuqalisa njengengeniso yangoko kukhulisa inzuzo ngexesha lokukhutshwa kwemali, kuyinciphise kulo lonke ixesha eliseleyo, kwaye kukhulisa isivuno esibonakalayo kumsebenzi omtsha obhaliweyo. Kwibhuku ekhula ngokukhawuleza oku kuvelisa iziphumo ezithandekayo ezibuyela umva xa ukukhula kucotha — kwaye yenye yezona zizathu ziqhelekileyo zokuhlaziywa kwee-akhawunti zababolekisi abancinci.

Uvavanyo kukuba intlawulo ibuyekeza ntoni: ukuqalisa imali-mboleko (ihlehliselwa kwizinga lenzala elisebenzayo) okanye inkonzo eyahlukileyo ehanjiswa kamva (iyabonakaliswa xa loo nkonzo inikezelwa).

Izinto ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe ngababolekisi

• Misela intlawulo ngokwesiseko seendleko ezibhaliweyo. Iindleko zokuqalisa ngesicelo ngasinye ziyalinganiseka; intlawulo ethatyathwe kuzo inokuthetheleleka phambi komlawuli naphambi komboleki.
• Sebenzisa ubume obudibanisa intlawulo esisigxina nepesenti, ukuze iimali-mboleko ezincinci zihlawule iindleko zazo ezisisigxina ngaphandle kokuba ezinkulu zihlawule ngokungalinganiyo.
• Chaza imali ekhutshwayo net ngokucacileyo kwisithembiso nakwishedyuli. "Uza kufumana $4,850" kuthintela uninzi lweengxabano ngeentlawulo kwangoko.
• Musa ukubiza intlawulo yokuqalisa epheleleyo kwii-top-ups. Biza umsebenzi ophindwe ngokwenene — ukutshekishwa kwe-bureau, ukuqinisekiswa okuhlaziyiweyo — hayi ukuphinda kwenziwe uvavanyo lonke kwakhona.
• Yenza isigqibo ngenjongo phakathi kwentlawulo nezinga. Izinga eliphantsi elinentlawulo yokuqalisa ephezulu libonakala lingabizi kakhulu kwiitheyibhile zothelekiso kwaye libiza umboleki ngaphezulu kumaxesha emboleko amafutshane. Ukuba oko sisicwangciso sokhuphiswano okanye ingxaki yokuziphatha kuxhomekeke ekubeni kuchazwe ngokucacileyo kangakanani.
• Sebenzisa ubhalo-mali lwezinga lenzala elisebenzayo endaweni yokuqatshelwa kwangoko.