Imalimboleko encane

Imali ebolekwayo encane iyimali ebolekwayo enenani elincane, enesikhathi esifushane enikezwa umboleki ongakwazi ukuthola isikweletu sasebhange esivamile — ngokuvamile ngenxa yokuthi akanaso isibambiso, amarekhodi emali engenayo ahlelekile noma umlando wesikweletu. Ngokuvamile isetshenziselwa ukuxhasa ibhizinisi elincane noma umsebenzi okhiqiza imali, futhi ibuyiselwa ngezitolimende ezincane ezivamile eziqala ngokushesha ngemva kokukhishwa kwemali.

Umkhawulo osemqoka ubukhulu. Imali ebolekwayo encane ngokwanele ukusiza umthengisi wasemakethe nayo incane ngokwanele ukuthi izindleko zokuyihlola, zokuyikhipha nokuyiqoqa zidle ingxenye enkulu yenzalo eyitholayo. Cishe zonke izici ezihlukile zokubolekisa ngemali encane ziyimpendulo kuleso sibalo.

Imali ebolekwayo encane uma kuqhathaniswa namagama ahlobene

• Imali ebolekwayo encane — Umkhiqizo ngamunye wemali ebolekwayo encane
• Isikweletu esincane — Umkhuba wokunikeza izimali ebolekwayo ezincane, osetshenziswa cishe ngokushintshana nokubolekisa ngemali encane
• Izezimali ezincane — Uhlelo olubanzi, oluhlanganisa ukonga, umshwalense, izinkokhelo nokudluliswa kwemali kanye nesikweletu
• Imali ebolekwayo yosuku lokuhola — Isikweletu somthengi sesikhathi esifushane kakhulu esibuyiselwa ngomholo olandelayo, ngokuvamile esisetshenziselwa izidingo hhayi ibhizinisi
• Imali ebolekwayo yama-SME — Isikweletu esikhulu sebhizinisi, ngokuvamile esidinga izitatimende zezimali futhi ngokuvamile sidinga isibambiso

Umehluko phakathi kwesikweletu esincane kanye nezezimali ezincane ubalulekile ngokomlando. Umkhakha waqala ngesikweletu kuphela, wabe usunwebeka lapho sekucaca ukuthi amakhaya ampofu ngokuvamile adinga indawo ephephile yokonga kanye nendlela yokulawula ubungozi okungenani ngendlela efanayo naleyo adinga ngayo ukuboleka.

Umehluko uma kuqhathaniswa nokubolekisa ngemali yosuku lokuhola ubalulekile kwezohwebo. Zombili zisiza ababoleki abangaphandle kwesikweletu esivamile, kodwa imali ebolekwayo encane isekelwa umsebenzi okhiqiza imali futhi yakhelwe ukubuyiselwa kancane kancane, kanti isikweletu sosuku lokuhola sisekelwa umholo oseduze futhi sibuyiselwa ngenkokhelo eyodwa ephelele.

Izici ezijwayelekile

• Usayizi wemali ebolekwayo — Encane uma kuqhathaniswa neholo lendawo; ngokuvamile amayunithi emali angamakhulu ambalwa ekuqaleni, akhuphuka ngokuboleka okuphindaphindiwe
• Isikhathi semali ebolekwayo — Kusukela ezinyangeni ezintathu kuya ezinyangeni ezingamashumi amabili nane, okuvame kakhulu izinyanga eziyisithupha kuya kweziyishumi nambili
• Isibambiso — Ngokuvamile akukho ngokomqondo ojwayelekile; isiqinisekiso seqembu, izimpahla zasekhaya noma umqinisekisi womuntu siqu esikhundleni salokho
• Imvamisa yokubuyisela — Masonto onke, njalo ngemva kwamasonto amabili noma njalo ngenyanga, kuqala ngokushesha ngemva kokukhishwa kwemali
• Inzalo — Iphakeme ngokwezibalo uma kuqhathaniswa nokubolekisa kwebhange, ngenxa yezizathu zesakhiwo sezindleko hhayi inzuzo
• Ukuhlola — Ukwakhiwa kabusha kokugeleza kwemali kanye nesimilo, hhayi imibhalo
• Ukulethwa — Okwenziwa emkhakheni, ebhizinisini lomboleki noma emihlanganweni yamaqembu
• Ukuqhubekela phambili — Imikhawulo iyenyuka ngomjikelezo ngamunye okhokhiwe ngempumelelo

Izinhlobo zokulethwa

Ukubolekisa ngeqembu noma ngobumbano. Ababoleki bakha iqembu elincane amalungu alo aqinisekisanayo. Iqembu lihlola amalungu alo ngokwalo, licindezela ukuthi kukhokhwe, futhi lithwala ukwehluleka kokukhokha komuntu ngamunye. Lithatha indawo yolwazi lwendawo kanye nokuphoqelelwa komphakathi esikhundleni sesibambiso kanye nokucutshungulwa okusemthethweni, futhi lidlulisela ingxenye enkulu yezindleko zokuhlola eqenjini ngokwalo.

Ukubolekisa ngezikweletu ezincane komuntu ngamunye. Imalimboleko eqondile kumboleki oyedwa, ehlolwa ngokuhambela ibhizinisi kanye nokwakhiwa kabusha kokugeleza kwemali. Izindleko eziphakeme ngemalimboleko ngayinye kunokubolekisa ngeqembu, kodwa kulungele kangcono amabhizinisi amakhudlwana kanye nakubaboleki abangafuni ukuthwala isibopho sabanye.

Amabhange emiphakathini kanye namaqembu okonga. Isikhwama esilawulwa umphakathi, kwesinye isikhathi esiqalwa ngumbolekisi wangaphandle kanti kwesinye isikhathi sakhiwe ngokuphelele ngemali eyongiwe yamalungu ngokwawo. Amalungu aboleka esikhwameni esihlanganyelwe futhi bakhokhele kuso, inzalo iqongelela eqenjini kunokuba iye esikhungweni sangaphandle.

Ukuxhumana kwamaqembu okuzisiza. Amaqembu okonga asemisiwe aboleka njengeqembu kubolekisi osemthethweni bese ebolekisa ngaphakathi, okuvumela umbolekisi ukuthi ahlinzekele imizi eminingi ngobudlelwano obubodwa.

Izikweletu ezincane zedijithali nezomakhalekhukhwini. Izimalimboleko ezincane kakhulu nezifushane kakhulu ezihlolwa nge-algorithm ngomlando wemisebenzi yemali yeselula, amaphethini okuthenga i-airtime kanye nedatha yocingo, ezikhishwa ngokushesha esikhwameni seselula. Izindleko ngemalimboleko ngayinye zehla kakhulu; kunjalo nangolokujula kokuhlola kanye nobudlelwano nomboleki.

Imodeli yokugcina ikhule ngokushesha kunazo zonke futhi yashintsha kakhulu isimo sengozi somkhakha. Isikweletu esisheshayo, esikude, nesivamile sifinyelela ababoleki okungekho sisebenzi sasensimini esingakwazi ukubakhonza ngokwezomnotho, futhi siphinde sinikeze amandla okuboleka kubanikezeli abaningana ngesikhathi esisodwa ngendlela ukubolekisa kwensimu okungakaze kukwenze.

Isakhiwo sokukhokha

Izici ezintathu zihlukanisa ukukhokha isikweletu esincane ekubolekiseni okuvamile.

Izitolimende ezincane ezivamile. Izinkokhelo zamasonto onke noma zamasonto amabili zihambisana kangcono nokugeleza kwemali kwemiholo yansuku zonke yamabhizinisi okuhweba nawezinsizakalo ukwedlula izitolimende zanyanga zonke ezikwenzayo, futhi ziveza izinkinga kusenesikhathi — ukweqa inkokhelo yeviki kubonakala ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kunokuba inyanga.

Ukukhokha kuqala ngokushesha. Izikweletu ezincane eziningi zidinga isitolimende sokuqala phakathi neviki noma amabili ngemva kokukhishwa kwemali, ngaphambi kokuba umsebenzi oxhaswe ngemali ukhiqize inzuzo. Lokhu kuhloswe ngamabomu: kuhlola ukuzithiba kusenesikhathi futhi kunciphisa isikhathi sokuba sengozini. Kuphinde kusho ukuthi izitolimende zokuqala zivame ukukhokhwa ngemali engenayo evela kwezinye izindawo, okuwukugxeka okwaziwayo ngale modeli.

Ukubolekisa okuqhubekela phambili. Imikhawulo iyenyuka ngomjikelezo ngamunye okhokhiwe ngesikhathi. Lokhu kuthatha indawo yomlando wesikweletu ongekho — umbolekisi wakha idatha ayidingayo ngokubolekisa amanani amancane nangokubheka indlela yokuziphatha. Kuphinde kudale isikhuthazo esinamandla sokukhokha, ngoba ukwehluleka ukukhokha kwenza umboleki alahlekelwe ukufinyelela ezikweletini ezinkulu azisebenzelayo.

Kungani amazinga enzalo ezikweletu ezincane aphakeme

Lena yingxenye engaqondwa kabi kakhulu yokubolekisa ngezikweletu ezincane, futhi incazelo yayo ingeyezibalo hhayi eyemibono.

Izindleko zokwenza imalimboleko zihlala zingashintshi kakhulu kungakhathaliseki ubukhulu bazo. Ukuhlola obolekayo, ukuvakashela ibhizinisi lakhe, ukukhokha imali, ukuqapha nokuqoqa kubiza cishe okufanayo noma imalimboleko incane noma inkulu. Uma kusatshalaliswa phezu kwesikweletu esincane, lezo zindleko ezingashintshi zidla ingxenye enkulu kakhulu yenani elibolekiwe.

Izinga lenzalo yombolekisi kufanele lihlanganise izinto ezine:

• Izindleko zezimali — lokho umbolekisi akukhokhela imali ayibolekisa ngayo
• Isibonelelo sokulahleka kwezimalimboleko — ukungakhokhi okulindelekile kuyo yonke iphothifoliyo
• Izindleko zokusebenza — abasebenzi, ezokuthutha, amagatsha, izinhlelo, isikhathi sasensimini
• Imajini — inzuzo egciniwe

Ekubolekiseni okuvamile, izindleko zezimali ziyabusa. Ekubolekiseni kwezimalimboleko ezincane, izindleko zokusebenza ziyabusa, ngokuvamile ngegebe elikhulu. Ukuvakashela ukuqoqa njalo, ababoleki basemakhaya abasabalele, amanani amancane emalimboleko kanye nokuhlola okudinga abasebenzi abaningi konke kuthwala phezu kwesikweletu esincane.

Kulandela imiphumela emibili. Okokuqala, ukuqhathanisa izinga lemalimboleko encane nezinga lemali mboleko yendlu yasebhange kuqhathanisa izinhlaka ezimbili zezindleko ezihlukene, hhayi amazinga amabili obugovu. Okwesibili, indlela ephumelela kakhulu yokwehlisa intengo yemalimboleko encane ukwehlisa izindleko zokusebenza ngemalimboleko ngayinye — ngokusebenzisa ukulethwa ngedijithali, ukuqoqwa ngeselula, imihlangano yamaqembu kanye nezinhlelo ezingcono — kunokuba kube ngemikhawulo yamazinga, okuvame ukuxosha ababolekisi kuqala ezingxenyeni ezincane kakhulu nezikude kakhulu.

Noma kunjalo, isakhiwo sezindleko siwachaza amazinga aphezulu; asithetheleli noma yiliphi izinga. Igebe phakathi kwentengo emboza izindleko kanye neyokuxhaphaza likhona, futhi ukukhanyelwa ngezindleko eziphelele zesikweletu yikhona okwenza obolekayo akwazi ukukwehlukanisa.

Ukuthi izimalimboleko ezincane zisetshenziselwa ini

• Izimali zokusebenza zohwebo — isitoko sesitendi semakethe, isitolo noma ikhioski. Ukusetshenziswa okuvame kakhulu, futhi okuyikho okunokujikeleza kwemali okushesha kakhulu.
• Okokufaka ekukhiqizeni okuncane — izinto zokuthunga, zokubaza, nokucubungula ukudla.
• Izimpahla ezincane ezikhiqizayo — umshini wokuthunga, ifriji, isithuthuthu, imishini yokushisela.
• Okokufaka kwezolimo — imbewu, umquba kanye nabasebenzi bepulazi elincane.
• Imfuyo — amaqoqo ezinkukhu, izimbuzi, inkomo yobisi.
• Ukushelelisa ukusetshenziswa kwemali kanye nezimo eziphuthumayo — izimali zesikole, izindleko zokwelashwa, izindleko zomngcwabo.

Isigaba sokugcina siyaphikiswana. Izimalimboleko ezincane zivame ukumakethwa futhi zenziwe njengezikweletu zebhizinisi, kodwa imali iyashintsheka emndenini, futhi ingxenye enkulu yezimalimboleko ezichazwa njengezimali zebhizinisi empeleni ixhasa ukusetshenziswa kwemali ekhaya. Ukubheka lokho njengokukhwabanisa akukuhumushi kahle — isidingo esiphuthuma kakhulu somndeni akusiso ngaso sonke isikhathi leso umkhiqizo wemalimboleko osibonayo. Ababolekisi abakuvumayo ngokusobala, ngokunikela ngemikhiqizo efanele yezimo eziphuthumayo neyemfundo, ngokuvamile bathola ukukhokha okuhlanzekile kunalabo abenza sengathi konke ukuboleka kuyakhiqiza.

Ukuhlola umfakisicelo wemalimboleko encane

Njengoba kungekho zitatimende zezimali, amasiliphu omholo noma ifayela le-bureau yezikweletu, ukuhlola kuncike kokulandelayo:

• Ukuvakashela ibhizinisi — ukubheka isitendi, isitoko, ukugeleza kwamakhasimende kanye nokugcinwa kwamarekhodi ngqo
• Ukwakha kabusha ukugeleza kwemali — ukwakha isithombe esilula samasonto onke semali engenayo nezindleko kusukela kumarekhodi omboleki uqobo nasekubalweni kwesitoko
• Ukudonswa kwezindleko zekhaya — ukukhipha izindleko zokuphila, njengoba ezezimali zebhizinisi nezekhaya ziyisitsha esisodwa
• Isimilo nesithunzi — izinkomba ezivela kubathengisi, omakhelwane, amalungu eqembu, nezinhlangano
• Izibopho ezikhona — okuhlanganisa isikweletu esivela kubathengisi kanye nokuboleka okungahlelekile okungekho emarekhodini ezikhungo zesikweletu
• Umlando wemali yeselula, okuwumlando ocebe kakhulu otholakalayo wemali engenayo ngokuya
• Ukusekelwa yiqembu, lapho amalungu athwala umthwalo ohlanganyelwe futhi ngenxa yalokho bahlola ngokucophelela

Izingozi nokugxekwa

Ukweletwa ngokweqile nokuboleka ezindaweni eziningi. Umboleki ophethe izimalimboleko ezivela kubahlinzeki abahlukahlukene ngesikhathi esisodwa, lapho kungekho noyedwa ongabona omunye, uwukuhluleka okuphindeka kakhulu kulo mkhakha. Ukuboleka ngedijithali kukhuphule lokhu kakhulu, njengoba umboleki angase aphethe izimalimboleko ezimbalwa ngesikhathi esifanayo ngaphandle kokuhlangana nesikhulu sezimalimboleko. Ukumbozwa kwezikhungo zesikweletu kwababolekisi abancane kuyindlela eyinhloko yokunciphisa futhi kusalokhu kungaphelelanga ezimakethe eziningi.

Ukuqoqa ngokuphoqelela. Ingcindezi yeqembu iyindlela eyenza ukuboleka ngaphandle kwesibambiso kusebenze, futhi iba yingozi lapho ikhuphukela ekuhlazweni esidlangalaleni, ekuthatheni impahla ngaphandle kwenqubo, noma ekufakeni ingcindezi emndenini womuntu ongakhokhile. Ababolekisi abahloniphekile babeka imingcele ecacile ekuziphatheni kokuqoqa; izigameko ezimbi kakhulu zomkhakha zilandele ukungabi khona kwaleyo mingcele.

Izingcindezi ezihlanganyelwe Iziqinisekiso zeqembu zisingatha kahle amashwa omuntu ngamunye kodwa zisingatha kabi izingcindezi zesifunda. Lapho isomiso, izikhukhula noma ukuwa kwemakethe kuthinta wonke amalungu ngesikhathi esisodwa, isibopho esihlanganyelwe sidlulisela ingcindezi kunokuba siyimunce.

Ukuphambuka emgomweni Njengoba ababolekisi bekhula futhi befuna ukusimama, usayizi omaphakathi wemalimboleko uvame ukukhuphuka futhi ababoleki abampofu kakhulu kancane kancane bathola usizo oluncane. Lokhu ukungezwani okubhalwe kahle kunokuba kube ukusolwa, futhi kukhombisa ingcindezi yangempela phakathi kokusebenza kwezezimali nobunzulu bokufinyelela.

Intengo engacacile Ukubalwa kwenzalo ngesilinganiso esisodwa, izimali ezikhokhwa kusengaphambili, ukonga okuphoqelekile okudonswa emalini ebolekiwe kanye nezimali zomshwalense ezihlanganisiwe kungenza izindleko ezingokoqobo zibe phezulu kakhulu kunokuba isilinganiso esisobala sisikisela

Lokho ubufakazi obukubonisayo

Ukuhlolwa okunzulu kwemalimboleko emincane eminyakeni engamashumi amabili edlule kuveze isithombe esilinganiselwe kakhulu kunezimangalo zokuqala zomkhakha. Ucwaningo olungahleliwe emazweni amaningana ngokuvamile luthola ukuthi ukufinyelela emalimbolekweni emincane kwandisa ukutshalwa kwezimali kwebhizinisi futhi kunikeza amakhaya ukuguquguquka okwengeziwe ekuphatheni ukugeleza kwemali nobungozi, kodwa ngokwesilinganiso akukhiqizi izinzuzo ezinkulu emalini engenayo, ekusetshenzisweni, empilweni noma emiphumeleni yesikole.

Ukuqonda okuvunyelwanako ukuthi imalimboleko emincane iyithuluzi lezezimali eliwusizo kunokuba kube indlela yokuphuma ebuphofini ngokwayo, nezinzuzo ezibonakalayo zigxile kubaboleki asebevele benebhizinisi elinamandla okukhula. Lokho kuyisimangalo esincane kunaleso umkhakha owake wasenza, futhi kusalokhu kubalulekile — ikhono lokwenza ukusetshenziswa kube bushelelezi nokutshala imali ebhizinisini elincane linenani langempela ngisho nalapho lingaguquli imali engenayo yekhaya.