Umboleki odibeneyo

Umboleki odibeneyo ngumntu ofaka isicelo aze athathe imali-mboleko kunye nomnye okanye abanye abantu, esabelana ngoxanduva olupheleleyo lwezomthetho ngetyala lonke kwaye enamalungelo alinganayo kwimali efunyenwe kwimali-mboleko nakuyo nayiphi na i-asethi exhaswa ngayo.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba umboleki odibeneyo ngumboleki-mali, hayi umqinisekisi. Omabini amaqela abhalwe kwisivumelwano semali-mboleko, omabini ayavavanywa xa kufakwa isicelo, omabini ayayifumana inzuzo yemali, kwaye nawuphi na kubo angafunwa ahlawule yonke intsalela eseleyo. Akukho ndlela yokulandelana ekubangeni kwaye akukho mfuneko yokuba umbolekisi aqale alisebenzise ngokupheleleyo elinye iqela phambi kokuba ajike kwelinye.

Le yeyona ngongoma idla ngokungaqondwa kakuhle, ngababoleki nangabasebenzi beenkonzo zokuboleka ngokufanayo. Umboleki odibeneyo kwimali-mboleko ye-150,000 akanatyala i-75,000. Unetyala le-150,000, kwaye nomnye umntu unetyala le-150,000, kwaye umbolekisi angayiqokelela yonke imali kulowo kubo kulula ukufikeleleka kuye. Aba babini abanatyala ngesiqingatha; ngamnye unetyala lento yonke, kwaye umbolekisi akanalungelo lokuqokelela ngaphezulu kwe-150,000 xa iyonke.

Igama elithi umfaki-sicelo odibeneyo lisetyenziswa kumntu omnye phambi kokuvunywa. Umboleki odibeneyo kunye nomenzi-sibophelelo odibeneyo ngamanye amagama asetyenziselwa ukubhekisa kwinto enye emva koko.

Uxanduva oludibeneyo nolwahlukileyo

Phantse lonke ulungiselelo lokuboleka ngokudibeneyo lubhalwa ngokusekelwe kuxanduva oludibeneyo nolwahlukileyo njengesiseko. Eli binzana lidityanisela iingcamango ezimbini ekufanelekileyo ukuba zahlulwe:

• Uxanduva oludibeneyo luthetha ukuba amaqela atyala ityala kunye njengembophelelo enye.
• Uxanduva lomntu ngamnye luthetha ukuba ngamnye wabo unetyala ngokwakhe nangokupheleleyo.

Ezi ndlela zidibene zinika umbolekisi ithuba lokumangalela naliphi na iqela ngento yonke, onke amaqela kunye, okanye iqela elithile — nokuba yeyiphi indlela ehlawula ngokukhawuleza. Amalungelo ababoleki phakathi kwabo, njengebango lalowo owahlawulayo ngokuchasene nalowo angahlawulanga, ngumcimbi ophakathi kwabo kwaye awulibazisi okanye awunciphisi ibango lombolekisi.

Xa isivumelwano semali-mboleko sishiya amagama athi "and several", uxanduva lunokuba loludibeneyo kuphela, nto leyo kwezinye iindawo zomthetho enyanzelisa umbolekisi ukuba abandakanye wonke umboleki nakwesiphi na isenzo. Lo ngumbuzo wokubhalwa okufanele ukulungiswa nomcebisi wezomthetho kube kanye, kwithempleyithi eqhelekileyo, endaweni yokulungiswa kwimeko ngemeko.

Umboleki odibeneyo xa ethelekiswa nomqinisekisi nezinye iindima

Iindima zihlala zibhidwa, kwaye ukubhideka kuyabiza — kuvelisa abaqinisekisi ababecinga ukuba benza ububele nababoleki abadibeneyo ababecinga ukuba basayina into eqhelekileyo nje.

• Umboleki-mali: Ubhalwe kwisivumelwano semali-mboleko; uxanduva olupheleleyo oluqala kwangoko; amalungelo apheleleyo kwiimali nakwii-asethi; uvela kwifayile yekhredithi.
• Umboleki odibeneyo: Ubhalwe kwisivumelwano semali-mboleko; uxanduva olupheleleyo oluqala kwangoko; amalungelo apheleleyo kwiimali nakwii-asethi; uvela kwifayile yekhredithi ngesixa esipheleleyo.
• Umqinisekisi: Ubhalwe kwisiqinisekiso esahlukileyo; uxanduva olupheleleyo lwesibini oluqala kuphela xa umboleki esilela; akukho malungelo kwiimali okanye kwii-asethi; udla ngokuvela kwifayile yekhredithi njengoxanduva olunokwenzeka.
• Umtyikityi odibeneyo: Ubhalwe kwisivumelwano; uxanduva olupheleleyo (ixesha liyahluka ngokweendawo zomthetho); ngokuqhelekileyo akukho malungelo kwiimali okanye kwii-asethi; uvela kwifayile yekhredithi.
• Ilungu leqela phantsi koxanduva oludibeneyo: Libhalwe kwisivumelwano seqela; uxanduva olupheleleyo lweemali-mboleko zeqela oluqala xa elinye ilungu lisilela; amalungelo kuphela kwisahlulo salo; ingxelo yetyala iyahluka.

Iiyantlukwano ezimbini zezona zibalulekileyo ngokwenkqubo:

Ixesha. Umboleki odibeneyo unoxanduva ukususela ekukhutshweni kwemali. Umqinisekisi unoxanduva kuphela xa umboleki oyintloko esilele, kwaye amaxesha amaninzi kuphela emva kokuba umbolekisi ethabathe amanyathelo achaziweyo kuqala. Ukuba imali-mboleko ihamba ngendlela eqhelekileyo, umqinisekisi akanguye umtyali kwaphela.

Inzuzo. Umboleki odibeneyo uyayifumana imali okanye uba ngumnini we-asethi kunye nomnye. Umqinisekisi akafumani nto. Lo mahluko ubalulekile xa amalungiselelo kamva ecelwa umngeni njengangalunganga okanye enyanzelwe — umqinisekisi ongazange afumane nzuzo kwaye wanyanzelwa ukuba atyikitye unengxoxo enamandla ngakumbi kunomboleki odibeneyo othathe isiqingatha semali efunyenweyo.

Kutheni ababolekisi bebabamkela ababoleki abadibeneyo

Ukukwazi ukuhlawula. Iingeniso ezimbini zixhasa intlawulo enkulu kunesinye. Esi sesona sizathu sixhaphakileyo sokongezwa komboleki-manyelana, kwaye sesona sidinga ukhathalelo olukhulu ekuvavanyeni.

Imithombo emibini yokubuyiswa kwetyala. Ukusilela ukuhlawula kufuna ukuba omabini amaqela asilele, hayi elinye. Apho ababoleki-manyelana banabaqeshi abahlukeneyo, amashishini ahlukeneyo okanye imijikelo yengeniso eyahlukeneyo, oku kukwahlulwa komngcipheko okwenyani kunokuba kube kokwephepha.

Ukuhambelanisa inyaniso yezomthetho neyaniso yezoqoqosho. Apho indlu, isithuthi okanye ishishini liphethwe ngokudityanelweyo, ukuba nabanini bobabini kwimali-mboleko kuhambelanisa isibambiso nesinyanzelo. Ukuboleka iqabane elinye ngepropathi ephethwe ngokudityanelweyo, elinye iqabane lingengomntu obandakanyekayo, kudala iingxaki zokunyanzelisa ekungekho bungakanani bamaxwebhu bunokuzilungisa kamva.

Uxinzelelo lokuziphatha. Ababoleki-manyelana bayajongana. Indlela yokusebenza yileyo inye eyenza ukubhankqa kwelali nokubolekisa kwamaqela kusebenze, isetyenziswa kubantu ababini endaweni yamashumi amabini.

Umzekelo osebenzayo: indlela umboleki-manyelana asitshintsha ngayo isigqibo

Umbolekisi ubeka umda wenkonzo yetyala lilonke kwi-40% yengeniso yenyanga epheleleyo. Umfaki-sicelo ufumana i-8,000 ngenyanga kwaye ufuna i-150,000 kwiinyanga ezingama-60 nge-24% ngonyaka kwibhalansi enciphayo — intlawulo emalunga ne-4,315 ngenyanga.

Umfaki-sicelo eyedwa:

• Ingeniso yenyanga epheleleyo: 8,000
• Amandla enkonzo yetyala kwi-40%: 3,200
• Izibophelelo ezikhoyo zenyanga: 0
• Amandla akhoyo: 3,200
• Intlawulo efunekayo: 4,315
• Isigqibo: Ukwala

Kunye nomboleki-manyelana:

• Ingeniso yenyanga epheleleleyo: 14,000
• Amandla enkonzo yetyala kwi-40%: 5,600
• Izibophelelo ezikhoyo zenyanga: (800)
• Amandla akhoyo: 4,800
• Intlawulo efunekayo: 4,315
• Isigqibo: Ukuvuma

Izinto ezintathu lo mzekelo uyilelwe ukuba uzibonise:

1. Ukudityaniswa kwengeniso. Ukudibanisa iingeniso yindlela eyenza ukwala kube kukuvunywa.
2. Kukwanjalo nangezibophelelo. I-800 ekhoyo yomboleki-manyelana ngenyanga kufuneka isuswe kumandla. Ukongeza umboleki-manyelana ozisa i-6,000 yengeniso kunye ne-5,000 yezibophelelo ezikhoyo kwenza isicelo sibe sibi, hayi ngcono.
3. I-exposure ayinciphi ngesiqingatha. Omabini amaqela ngoku aphethe i-150,000 egameni lawo kwiimida zogxininiso, imida yomboleki-mnye kunye neenjongo zekhredithi. Umbolekisi oneemali-mboleko ezingamashumi amahlanu ezithwele ababoleki-manyelana ababini uba ne-150,000 ye-exposure amaxesha angamashumi amahlanu, hayi i-exposure ezilikhulu ze-75,000.

Ukuvavanya umboleki-manyelana ekuqalisweni kwemboleko

Umboleki-manyelana ngumboleki, kwaye uvavanyo kufuneka lubonakale lunje. Indlela yokusilela kukuphatha umntu wesibini njengamaphepha — ukuqokelela utyikityo nesazisi, nokuqhuba iitshekhi zekhredithi kuphela kumfaki-sicelo "ongundoqo".

Vavanya bobabini ngokupheleleyo. Isazisi, i-KYC, ukuqinisekiswa kwengeniso, ukukhangelwa kwekhredithi, izibophelelo ezikhoyo kunye ne-exposure yangaphakathi kwiqela ngalinye. Akukho nto itsitywayo kuba omnye umfaki-sicelo ebonakala omelele.

Gqiba ukuba ingeniso idityaniswa njani. Ukudityaniswa ngokupheleleyo kuxhaphakile, kodwa abanye ababolekisi bayehlisa ingeniso yesibini, ngakumbi apho ingekho sikweni, ingexesha lonyaka okanye iphuma kumqeshi omnye okanye ishishini elinye nelokuqala. Nokuba uthini umgaqo, kufuneka ube kumgaqo-nkqubo wekhredithi kunokuba ube kwisigqibo salowo usemsebenzini.

Hlola ukunxibelelana. Imivuzo emibini ephuma kumqeshi omnye, abarhwebi ababini bemarike kwimpahla enye, okanye umlimi neqabane lakhe bobabini abaxhomekeke kwisivuno esinye ayingengeniso ezimbini ezizimeleyo. Basilela kunye. Ababoleki-manyelana abanxibeleleneyo bongeza ukhuseleko oluncinci lomngcipheko kunokuba izibalo zibonisa.

Sebenzisa ifayile ebuthathaka apho ibalulekileyo khona. Ingeniso edityanisiweyo ingakwazi ukuthwala umboleki osebenzisanayo obuthathaka, kodwa umboleki osebenzisanayo onembali yangoku yokusilela ukuhlawula ubonisa isilumkiso, hayi into engathathi cala. Ababolekisi abaninzi bathatha imeko yengeniso engcono kunye nenqanaba letyala elibi.

Qinisekisa imvume ngokuzimeleyo. Umboleki osebenzisanayo kufuneka abonwe, achongwe kwaye acaciselwe isibophelelo ngokwahlukileyo kumfaki-sicelo oyintloko. Ukubolekisana ngokunyanzelwa — isalamane, umqeshwa okanye iqabane elinikwa uxwebhu ukuba lisayine — ngowona mthombo uqhelekileyo weengxabano zamva kwaye kunzima kakhulu ukuzikhusela xa imali sele ihambile.

Thatha iinkcukacha zoqhagamshelwano ezahlukileyo. Iinombolo zefowuni ezimbini, iidilesi ezimbini, iidilesi ze-imeyile ezimbini. Ifayile apho amaqela omabini abelana ngenombolo yefowuni enye yifayile apho ngumntu omnye kuphela oya kuze afumane isaziso.

Ukunakekela i-akhawunti yomboleki osebenzisanayo

Amaqela omabini ayaziswa. Iziteyitimenti, izaziso zamatyala asalayo, iileta zamabango kunye nezilumkiso zokusilela ukuhlawula kufuneka ziye kumboleki osebenzisanayo ngamnye kwiinkcukacha zakhe zoqhagamshelwano. Umboleki osebenzisanayo oqala ukufunda ngokusilela ukuhlawula kwi-credit bureau unesikhalazo esisemthethweni, kwaye kwezinye iindawo unokuzikhusela ngokwasemthethweni.

Iintlawulo zabelwa kwimali-mboleko, hayi emntwini. Kukho i-akhawunti enye, ibhalansi enye kunye nendlela enye yokwabiwa kweentlawulo. Apho elinye iqela lihlala lihlawula lize elinye lingahlawuli, oko lulwazi oluluncedo lokwazi ukuba ngubani omele ukulandelwa — kodwa oko akwenzi iibhalansi ezincinane ezahlukileyo.

Imiyalelo inokufuna bobabini. Ukuhlengahlengiswa, ukongeza imali, utshintsho kumhla wokuhlawula kunye nokukhululwa kwesibambiso ngokuqhelekileyo kufuna imvume yabo bonke ababoleki abasebenzisanayo, kuba kutshintsha isibophelelo abathwele sonke. Ukunakekelwa kwesiqhelo ngokuqhelekileyo akufuni mvume. Umda phakathi kwezi zinto zombini kufuneka ube kwisivumelwano semali-mboleko.

Ingxelo yamatyala asalayo ichaphazela iifayile zombini. Ibhalansi epheleleyo eseleyo kunye nemeko epheleleyo yamatyala asalayo zixelwa ngokuchasene nomboleki osebenzisanayo ngamnye. Oku kuhlala kumangalisa iqela elingazange liyichukumise imali, kwaye kufuneka kucaciswe ngolwimi olulula xa kusayinwa kunokuba kufunyanwe kamva.

Ukususa umboleki osebenzisanayo

Akukho ndlela ilula yokuphuma. Umboleki osebenzisanayo akanako ukurhoxa kwisibophelelo, kwaye isivumelwano phakathi kwamaqela amabini sokuba omnye kubo uza kuhlawula ngoku asimbophi umbolekisi. Ukususwa kufuna imvume yombolekisi kunye nenye yeendlela ezintathu:

• Ukuboleka ngokutsha. Iqela eliseleyo lithatha imali-mboleko entsha egameni lalo, ehlawulela endala. Iqela eliseleyo kufuneka lifaneleke lodwa — nto leyo, kuba umboleki osebenzisanayo wayedla ngokongezwa ukuze amanani avume, amaxesha amaninzi alikwazi.
• Utshintsho lwesivumelwano okanye ukufakwa endaweni. Isibophelelo sidluliselwa kwiseti entsha yamaqela ngesivumelwano esitsha. Kufuna ukuphinda kuhlolwe ngokupheleleyo iqela elingenayo.
• Ukuhlawulwa ngokupheleleyo. Imali-mboleko iyahlawulwa ize ivalwe.

Iimeko ezibangela ezi zicelo ziqikeleleka kwaye kufanelekile ukuba ube nempendulo esele ilungile: uqhawulo-mtshato okanye ukwahlukana, ukuchithwa kwentsebenziswano yeshishini, ukufuduka komboleki osebenzisanayo, kunye nokufa kwelinye iqela. Kwimeko yokugqibela ilifa lomfi lihlala linetyala, kwaye umboleki osebenzisanayo osaphilayo uhlala enetyala layo yonke ibhalansi nokuba ilifa livelisa ntoni. Apho imali-mboleko inkulu kwaye amaqela ahlobene, i-inshorensi yobomi yetyala equka ubomi bobabini yimpendulo ecocekileyo kunokuzama ukuyisingatha ngexesha lokufa.

Apho ukubolekisana kuphazamiseka khona

Umboleki osebenzisanayo wokuhombisa. Igama lesibini elongezwa ukwanelisa umgaqo-nkqubo, kungekho hlolo, kungekho qinisekiso kwaye kungekho ngeniso yokwenene ngasemva kwalo. Oku akwenzi buthathaka nto malunga nomngcipheko wetyala kodwa konke malunga nokukhuselwa kwefayile.

Ukubala kabini ingeniso. Abafaki-zicelo ababini abafumana imali kwishishini elinye, bachazwa njengeengeniso ezimbini ezahlukileyo. Ukubalwa kokukwazi ukuhlawula emva koko kuxhasa intlawulo ikhaya elingakwaziyo ukuyenza ngokwenene.

Ukungahoyi ukuvezwa okuhlanganisiweyo. Apho umntu ebonakala njengomboleki osebenzisanayo kwiimali-mboleko ezininzi, ukuvezwa kwakhe kokwenene kumbolekisi kukudityaniswa kwazo zonke ezo bhalansi ezipheleleyo. Iinkqubo ezirekhoda ukuvezwa kuphela ngokuchasene nomboleki "oyintloko" ziya kuwujongela phantsi umngcipheko wokugxila, ngamanye amaxesha kakhulu.

Ukunika isaziso kwelinye iqela. Unyanzeliso olujoliswe kumboleki osebenzisanayo ongazange athunyelwe ileta yamabango lusesichengeni, kwaye ukulurhoxisa kubiza ngaphezu kokuba ukuthumela ileta yesibini bekuya kubiza.

Ukubhida iindima xa kusayinwa. Iqela elisayine njengomboleki osebenzisanayo ngelixa laxelelwa ukuba "lalingumqinisekisi nje" liyingxabano elindele ukwenzeka. Isibophelelo kufuneka sichazwe ngokuvakalayo, ngolwimi lwelo qela, kwaye ifayile kufuneka irekhode ukuba senziwe.

Ukuphathwa okungacacanga kwesibambiso sobunini obudibeneyo. Apho isibambiso siphantsi kobunini obudibeneyo kodwa ngumnini omnye kuphela osemalini-mboleko, amandla ombolekisi okusiguqula sibe yimali ayaphazamiseka. Ubunini obukwitayitile namagama akwisivumelwano kufuneka ahambelane.

Imibuzo ebuzwa rhoqo

Ingaba imali-mboleko inokuba nababoleki abasebenzisanayo abangaphi?

Akukho mda umiselweyo, kwaye iimali-mboleko zabathengi kunqabile ukuba zigqithe kwisibini okanye kwisithathu. Ngaphaya kwabambalwa, ukufumana imvume yalo naluphi na utshintsho kuba nzima kwaye ilungiselelo lidla ngokuba ngcono xa lakhiwe njengemali-mboleko yeqela okanye njengokuboleka kwiqumrhu elibhalisiweyo.