Ii-5 C zetyala

Imiba emi-5 yetyala yinkqubo ababolekisi abayisebenzisayo ukuvavanya ukuba umboleki unokuyibuyisa kangakanani imali-mboleko. Imiba emihlanu yile isimilo, amandla, inkunzi, isibambiso neemeko. Zizonke ziguqula isigqibo sokubolekisa sibe luvavanyo olucwangcisiweyo lwako kokubini ukuzimisela komboleki ukubuyisa kunye nokukwazi kwakhe ukubuyisa.

Le nkqubo isetyenziswa kwiimali-mboleko zabathengi, kwiimali-mboleko zamashishini amancinci, kwiibhanki zorhwebo, kwimali-mboleko encinci nakwiimanyano zetyala. Ixhasa uninzi lwemigaqo-nkqubo yetyala, iifom zokufaka isicelo semali-mboleko kunye noluhlu lokuphonononga, kwaye iseyindlela eqhelekileyo amagosa etyala achaza aze athethelele ngayo isigqibo.

Imiba emi-5 yetyala ngokufutshane

• Isimilo (Ngaba baza kubuyisa?) — Imbali yetyala, irekhodi lokuhlawula, iireferensi, ubude bexesha lokuba sebhizinisi
• Amandla (Ngaba bangakwazi ukubuyisa?) — Ingeniso, ukuhamba kwemali, umyinge wetyala kwingeniso, umyinge wokuhlawulwa kwetyala
• Inkunzi (Yintoni abayifakileyo?) — Intlawulo yokuqala, isabelo somnini, imali egciniweyo, iinzuzo ezigciniweyo
• Isibambiso (Yintoni exhasa imali-mboleko?) — Iipropati, izithuthi, izixhobo, isitokhwe, iidiphozithi, iziqinisekiso
• Iimeko (Yintoni enokutshintsha?) — Injongo yemali-mboleko, amazinga enzala, umngcipheko wecandelo, umbono woqoqosho

1. Isimilo

Isimilo kukuziphatha kwangaphambili komboleki nodumo lwakhe lokuhlangabezana nezibophelelo. Sisisiseko somgangatho wenkqubo: sibuza ukuba umboleki ngokwembali wakwenza na oko wayekuthembisile, nokuba wayenako na ukuyihlawula.

Ababolekisi bahlola isimilo ngokusebenzisa:

• Iingxelo zetyala kunye neerekhodi zeofisi yamatyala
• Imbali yentlawulo kwiimali-mboleko ezikhoyo nezigqityiweyo
• Ubude bembali yetyala kunye nokuzinza kwengqesho okanye imisebenzi yeshishini
• Ubudlelwane bangaphambili nebhanki kunye nendlela yokuphathwa kweakhawunti
• Iireferensi zorhwebo, iireferensi zababoneleli okanye, kuboleko lwamaqela, isidima ekuhlaleni

Kwiimarike ezinamaziko etyala avuthiweyo, isimilo sibonakala kakhulu kwi inqaku letyala. Apho ufikelelo lweofisi yamatyala luncinci, ababolekisi basebenzisa obunye ubungqina: indlela yokonga, imbali yemali yeselula, iintlawulo zeenkonzo, iirekhodi zokuhlawula kweqela, okanye uphononongo lwasendle lwegosa lemboleko.

Intlawulo enye ephosiweyo kwiminyaka emithathu eyadlulayo inobunzima obuncinci kakhulu kunepateni yokusilela ukuhlawula kwamva nje. Uninzi lwababolekisi lunika ubunzima obukhulu kwiinto zakutsha nje kwaye luthatha ukucinywa kwamatyala, izigwebo zenkundla kunye nokusilela ukuhlawula njengezona mpawu zimbi ezinamandla.

2. Ukukwazi

Ukukwazi kukukwazi komboleki okunokulinganiswa ukuhlawula ityala ngengeniso okanye ukungena kwemali. Apho isimilo sijongwa ngokomgangatho, ukukwazi kubalwa njengezibalo — kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo yiyona nto emisela ubungakanani bemboleko.

Imilinganiselo emibini yenza umsebenzi omninzi:

Umlinganiselo wetyala kwingeniso (DTI) — isetyenziswa ikakhulu kuboleko lwabathengi:

DTI = total monthly debt payments ÷ gross monthly income

Umboleki oneentlawulo zenyanga ezili-$1,800 kunye nomvuzo opheleleyo wenyanga oyi-$5,000 une-DTI engama-36%. Uninzi lwababolekisi babathengi luthatha ama-36% njengomda owamkelekileyo kwaye ama-43% njengomda ongaphandle, nangona umda wokunqanyulwa uhluka ngokwemveliso nommandla wolawulo.

Umlinganiselo wokuhlawula ityala (DSCR) — isetyenziswa kuboleko lwamashishini norhwebo:

DSCR = net operating income ÷ total debt service

Ishishini elivelisa i-$180,000 kwingeniso yokusebenza ecocekileyo xa kuthelekiswa ne-$150,000 yentlawulo yetyala yonyaka line-DSCR eyi-1.20x. Ababolekisi bezorhwebo badla ngokufuna i-1.20x ukuya kwi-1.35x, beshiya isikhuselo sokuguquguquka kwengeniso. I-DSCR engaphantsi kwe-1.0x ithetha ukuba ishishini alinako ukuhlawula imali-mboleko ngemali evela kwimisebenzi yalo.

Uhlalutyo lokukwazi ukuhlawula lukwajonga ukuzinza kwengeniso, ukuhamba ngamaxesha onyaka, ukugxila kubathengi abambalwa kunye nokuba ingakanani ingeniso enokuqinisekiswa ngeepayslip, iingxelo zebhanki okanye ii-akhawunti eziphicothiweyo.

3. Inkunzi

Inkunzi yile nto umboleki ayityale ngokwakhe kwintengiselwano okanye kwishishini. Ibonisa ukuzinikela kwaye inika isikhuselo selahleko yokuqala: ukuba umboleki unemali yakhe esemngciphekweni, ulahlekelwa yimali ngaphambi kombolekisi.

Imizekelo ibandakanya:

• Intlawulo yokuqala ekuthengeni ikhaya okanye isithuthi
• Inkunzi yomnini egalelwe kwishishini
• Iingeniso ezigciniweyo kunye nobutyebi obuqokelelweyo
• Imali eyongiweyo kunye noovimba abafumaneka ngokukhawuleza abanokuhlawula iintlawulo ngexesha lokunqongophala

Igalelo elikhulu lenkunzi linciphisa ubungozi bombolekisi kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo lifumana amaxabiso angcono. Ababolekisi bemali-mboleko yezindlu badla ngokunika ixabiso elingcono kwidiphozithi eyi-20% kuneyi-5% kweso sizathu kanye. Kuboleko lweshishini, umnini ocela ibhanki ukuba ihlawule i-100% yeprojekthi uphakamisa umbuzo ocacileyo malunga nokuzithemba kwakhe kuyo.

4. Isibambiso

Isibambiso yimpahla enikwa njengesiqinisekiso. Ukuba umboleki uyasilela ukuhlawula, umbolekisi angayithatha aze ayithengise ukuze abuyise intsalela eseleyo. Isibambiso asiyenzi imali-mboleko embi ibe ntle — sinciphisa ilahleko kwimali-mboleko ethe yonakala.

Eyona nto ilinganiswayo yi-loan-to-value ratio (LTV):

LTV = loan amount ÷ appraised value of the collateral

Imali-mboleko ye-$80,000 ngepropathi ye-$100,000 yi-LTV engama-80%. I-LTV ephantsi ithetha isikhuselo se-equity esingqindilili kunye nokwehla kwe-loss given default.

Ababolekisi basebenzisa ii-haircuts ezibonisa indlela ekulula ngayo ukuxabisa nokuthengisa i-asethi. Iidiphozithi zemali zinokubolekwa kwixabiso eliphantse lilingane ixabiso lobuso; ipropathi yokuhlala ngama-70–80%; izixhobo ezikhethekileyo okanye impahla ethengiswa kade ngesaphulelo esikhulu kakhulu, kuba imarike yokuthengisa kwakhona incinci kwaye amaxabiso okuthengisa ngenkani aphantsi.

Iimali-mboleko ezikhuselweyo ngesibambiso zibizwa ngokuba zikhuselwe; iimali-mboleko ezixhomekeke kuphela kwisithembiso sokuhlawula komboleki zibizwa ngokuba zingakhuselwanga, kwaye zinamaxabiso aphezulu ukuvala ukungabikho kwembuyekezo. Iziqinisekiso zobuqu ziphakathi kwezi zimbini — zandisa ilungelo lokufuna imbuyekezo kwi-asethi yomqinisekisi ngaphandle kokubambisa enye ethile.

5. Iimeko

Iimeko zibandakanya yonke into engaphandle kwe-balance sheet yomboleki enokuchaphazela ukuhlawulwa. Zimbini izinto ezibalulekileyo:

Iimeko ezikhethekileyo zemboleko — injongo yemboleko, isixa, ixesha, izinga lenzala kunye nolwakhiwo lokuhlawula. Imali-mboleko yokuthenga izixhobo ezivelisa ingeniso inobungozi obahlukileyo kunemboleko yokuphinda uhlawule amatyala akhoyo okanye ukugubungela intsilelo.

Iimeko zangaphandle — imeko yezinga lenzala, ukunyuka kwamaxabiso, ukuchanabeka kwezinga lotshintshiselwano, imbonakalo yecandelo ngalinye, imigaqo kunye noxinzelelo lokhuphiswano. Umboleki onamanani aqinileyo kushishino olucuthekayo usenokuba ngumngcipheko ombi, kuba amanani ajonge emva kwaye umkhwa wecandelo awukho mhle.

Iimeko zicacisa ukuba kutheni izicelo ezifanayo zinokwamkelwa kunyaka omnye kwaye zaliwe kunyaka olandelayo. Umgaqo-nkqubo wetyala uyaqiniswa kwaye uyayekelela kunye nomjikelo nokuba iindlela zokuvavanya umngcipheko ezibhalwe phantsi zihlala zinjalo.

Indlela ababolekisi abazisebenzisa ngayo ii-C ezi-5 ngokoqobo

Iinkalo ezintlanu azinikwa ubunzima obulinganayo, kwaye azizimelelanga.

• Umthamo udla ngokuba ngumda ongundoqo. Isimilo esiqinileyo asinakho ukuhlawula intlawulo angakwaziyo ukuyihlawula umboleki.
• Isimilo nomthamo kunye zimisela ukuvunywa. Inkunzi nesibambiso ikakhulu zimisela imiqathango — izinga, ixesha kunye nesibambiso esifunekayo.
• Ukuqina kwenye i-C kungahlawulela ubuthathaka kwenye, ngaphakathi kwemida. Ifayile yetyala ebhityileyo inokwamkeleka ngediphozithi enkulu kunye nesibambiso esiluqilima. Umthamo ombi ngokubanzi awunako ukuhlawulelwa kwaphela.
• Iimeko zibeka umda. Ifayile efanayo ivavanywa ngokomgaqo-nkqubo wetyala ohamba nomjikelo wezoqoqosho.

Eneneni, ababolekisi abaninzi baguqula esi sikhokelo sibe likhadi lokunika amanqaku: C nganye inikwa amanqaku, inikwa ubunzima kwaye idityaniswa ibe luhlelo olukhokelela kwisigqibo sokuvunywa, kumda wetyala nakwixabiso. Amaziko amakhulu ayongeza oku ngeemodeli zokunika amanqaku ngokweenkcukacha-manani, ngelixa ii-C ezi-5 zisaqhubeka nokwakha imemo yetyala echazayo ehamba nesigqibo.

Ii-C ezi-5 zetyala xa zithelekiswa nokunikwa kwamanqaku etyala

Amanqaku etyala adibanisa imbali yokuhlawula kunye nezibophelelo zangoku abe linani elinye. Ayakhawuleza, ayahambelana kwaye ayasebenza ekuhleleni umngcipheko — kodwa ubukhulu becala angumlinganiselo wesimilo kwaye, ngokungathanga ngqo, wesakhono.

Ii-C ezi-5 zibanzi ngakumbi. Zibandakanya isibambiso, igalelo le-equity kunye neemeko ezijonge phambili ekungekho manqaku embali anokuzibamba. Yiyo loo nto ukubolekisa kwishishini, kwezorhwebo nakwimali encinci kusaxhomekeke kakhulu kwesi sikhokelo: abafaki-zicelo bahlala beneefayile zetyala ezinqongopheleyo, kwaye imali-mboleko ihlawulwa ngokuhamba kwemali okuzayo amanqaku ajonge emva angakwazi ukukubona.

Ezi zimbini ziyaphelelisana, azithathi ndawo yomnye. Ukunikwa kwamanqaku kujongana nobuninzi nokungaguquguquki; ii-C ezi-5 zijongana nesigqibo nomxholo.

Imida yesi sikhokelo

• Isebenza ngokomgangatho emaphethelweni. Isimilo ngokukodwa sixhomekeke kumvavanyi, nto leyo ezisa ukungangqinelani kunye nomkhethe onokwenzeka ngaphandle kwemigangatho ebhaliweyo.
• Ijonge emva. Ezine kwii-C ezintlanu zichaza ixesha elidlulileyo okanye elangoku; ziimeko kuphela ezizama ukujonga phambili.
• Ayiziniki ubunzima ngokwayo. Esi sikhokelo sidwelisa izinto emazijongwe, hayi ukuba into nganye kufuneka ibalwe kangakanani. Oko kuvela kumgaqo-nkqubo wetyala wombolekisi ngokwakhe.
• Ingasetyenziswa ngokugqithisileyo kwisibambiso. Iimali-mboleko ezinesibambiso esomeleleyo zisavelisa ilahleko ngenxa yokulibaziseka kokubuyiselwa, iindleko zomthetho kunye namaxabiso athotyiweyo entengiso ngenkani.

Abanye ababolekisi bayolula uluhlu ukuya ku-C wesithandathu — ingqiqo eqhelekileyo okanye ukuthobela imigaqo — ukubamba ukuhlolwa kolawulo kunye nokuhambelana ngokubanzi kwesicelo.