Isibambiso sentlalo

Isibambiso sezentlalo kukusetyenziswa kobudlelwane, udumo nokuma komboleki ekuhlaleni njengesibambiso semali-mboleko, endaweni yee-asethi eziphathekayo ezithenjisiweyo.

Akukho nto ithenjisiweyo kwaye akukho nto inokuhluthwa. Okukhusela imali-mboleko kukuba ukusilela ukuhlawula kuya kubiza umboleki into ayixabisileyo nengenakuthatha indawo lula: ukuma kwakhe phakathi kwabantu ahlala kwaye athengiselana nabo, ukufikelela kwakhe kwinkxaso engekho sikweni ngexesha lobunzima, kunye nokufaneleka kwakhe kwityala lexesha elizayo kubo bobabini umbolekisi noluntu.

Yingcamango esisiseko emva kokuboleka ngaphandle kwesibambiso. Ukubolekwa okuqhelekileyo kucinga ukuba umngcipheko ulawulwa ngokuthatha isibambiso kwii-asethi. Isibambiso sezentlalo sibanga ukuba isikhundla somboleki kuthungelwano lwezentlalo oluxineneyo singenza umsebenzi ofanayo — kwaye kubantu abangenazo ii-asethi ezinokubhaliswa, kudla ngokuba kuphela kwesibambiso abanaso.

Isibambiso Esiphathekayo ngokuthelekiswa neseNtlalo

• Yintoni ekhusela imali-mboleko: Isibambiso esiphathekayo sixhomekeke kwi-asethi ethenjisiweyo; isibambiso sezentlalo sixhomekeke kubudlelwane, udumo, nokuma.
• Unyanzeliso: Isibambiso esiphathekayo sisebenzisa ukuhluthwa nokuthengiswa; isibambiso sezentlalo sisebenzisa isohlwayo sezentlalo nokulahlekelwa kufikelelo.
• Ngubani othwala iindleko zonyanzeliso: Umbolekisi uthwala iindleko kwisibambiso esiphathekayo; uluntu luthwala zona kwisibambiso sezentlalo.
• Ixabiso xa kunyanzelisiwe: Isibambiso esiphathekayo sivelisa ixabiso elinokufunyanwa (emva kokutsalwa kweendleko nokulibaziseka); isibambiso sezentlalo asivelisi nto inokubuyiselwa ngemali.
• Ukuqinisekisa: Isibambiso esiphathekayo sidinga iirejistri, uqikelelo lwexabiso, nokuhlolwa; isibambiso sezentlalo sixhomekeke kulwazi lwasekuhlaleni nasekusekweni kwamaqela.
• Isebenza ngcono: Isibambiso esiphathekayo sisebenza apho iirejistri neenkundla zisebenza khona; isibambiso sezentlalo sisebenza apho uluntu luxinene kwaye luzinzile.
• Iyasilela xa: Isibambiso esiphathekayo siyasilela xa iirejistri zibuthathaka okanye ii-asethi zinexabiso eliphantsi; isibambiso sezentlalo siyasilela xa amaqhina akhululekile okanye izothuso zinxulunyanisiwe.

Owona mahluko ubalulekileyo ziindleko zonyanzeliso. Isibambiso esiphathekayo sinika umbolekisi into anokuyithengisa. Isibambiso sezentlalo asiniki umbolekisi nto anokuyithengisa — ixabiso laso lelokuthintela ngokupheleleyo. Lisebenza ngokwenza ukusilela ukuhlawula kubize kumboleki ngaphambi kokuba kwenzeke, kwaye xa ukusilela kuthe kwenzeka akukho asethi inokufunyanwa.

Oku kunomphumo ofanele ukuchazwa ngokucacileyo: isibambiso sentlalo sidlulisela umsebenzi wokuhlola, wokubeka iliso nokunyanzelisa kusuka kumbolekisi ukuya kuluntu lwalowo ubolekayo. Uluntu lwenza loo nto, ngeendleko zalo, lisebenzisa ubudlelwane balo. Yiloo nto yenza ukuba ukubolekisa ngemali-mboleko encinci kube nokwenzeka ngokwezoqoqosho, kwaye ikwangumthombo wobuninzi bomonakalo oxutyushwa ngezantsi.

Iindlela Ezithathwa Sisibambiso Sentlalo

• Amaqela anoxanduva oluhlanganyelweyo. Amalungu aqinisekisana ngeemali-mboleko zomnye nomnye. Olona hlobo lusesikweni, nolona luphononongwe ngokusondeleyo.
• Ukuma kweqela ngaphandle koxanduva olusesikweni. Akukho siqinisekiso sekhontrakthi, kodwa akukho lungu linyuka liya kwimali-mboleko enkulu ngelixa elinye lisilela ukuhlawula. Oku kugcina inkuthazo yoontanga ngelixa kususwa isibophelelo esisemthethweni, kwaye ngoku lolu yilo luxhaphakileyo.
• Intlawulo kawonke-wonke. Izavenge ziqokelelwa kwiintlanganiso zamaqela okanye zamaziko, ukuze uhlawulo nokungahlawuli kubonakale koontanga. Ukubonakala yindlela yokusebenza; intlanganiso yindlela yokwenza oko.
• Abaqinisekisi basekuhlaleni nabatyikityi abancedisayo. Umntu onegama elimi kakuhle uqinisekisa umboleki, ebeka isidima sakhe kwaye amaxesha amaninzi nempahla yakhe okanye imali ayongileyo.
• Iingxelo ngesimilo nokuqinisekisa. Ukuxhaswa yinkokeli yasekuhlaleni, umqeshi, iziko lenkolo, umbutho wemarike okanye iqela lezorhwebo.
• Ukuma kobulungu. Isikhundla ngaphakathi kwi-SACCO, intsebenziswano, ichama, iqela lokonga, icawa okanye umbutho wezorhwebo — apho ukuqhubeka kobulungu kunexabiso loqoqosho lokwenene kwaye kunokurhoxiswa.
• Imbali yeqela lokonga. Ingxelo ebhaliweyo yegalelo neentlawulo kwi-VSLA okanye kwi-ROSCA, esebenza njengembali yetyala apho kungekho ifayile yeburho ekhoyo.
• Uthungelwano lokuthunyelwa. Ababoleki abalungileyo abakhoyo bazisa abatsha, bebeka ukuma kwabo emngciphekweni ngolo thumelo.

Kutheni Kusebenza: Iimfuneko Zangaphambili

Isibambiso sentlalo sinexabiso kuphela apho iimeko ezithile zikhoyo. Apho zingekhoyo, asinaxabiso, kungakhathaliseki ukuba imveliso iyilwe njani.

• Umboleki akakwazi ukuphuma ngokulula kuluntu. Le yimeko ebalulekileyo. Isohlwayo sinamandla kuphela ukuba umntu kufuneka aqhubeke ehlala phakathi kwabo basibekayo. Ukushukuma kutshabalalisa isibambiso sentlalo — yiyo loo nto le ndlela isebenza ngcono kakhulu kwiindawo zasemaphandleni ezizinzileyo kunakwiindawo zokuhlala zasezidolophini ezingasisigxina.
• Ulwazi luhamba ngokuxineneyo. Oontanga bamele bakwazi ukubona ukuba umboleki angakwazi ukuhlawula nokuba uhlawulile na. Apho abamelwane bengenako ukubona iimicimbi zomnye nomnye, abanako ukuhlola okanye ukugada.
• Uluntu lunamandla okohlwaya. Kufuneka kubekho into enokuthi uluntu luyibambe — isidima ekuhlaleni, ukubolekisana ngokungekho sikweni, ukutshintshiselana ngomsebenzi, ukufikelela kwiimarike, nokuncedana ngexesha likaxakeka.
• Umboleki uyakuxabisa oko kusemngciphekweni. Umboleki osele ejongelwe phantsi ekuhlaleni, okanye oceba ukuhamba, kuncinane anokulahlekelwa kuko.
• Ubudlelwane buphindaphindwa kwaye bujonge kwixesha elide. Ukusebenzisana nje kube kanye akuvelisi mandla okunyanzelisa.
• Ubudlelwane nombolekisi bunexabiso elikhulayo. Ithemba lokufumana iimali-mboleko ezinkudlwana zexesha elizayo yiyona nto iyinxalenye yoko umboleki akubeka emngciphekweni — kungoko ukubolekisa okuqhubekayo nesibambiso sentlalo ziyomelezana.

Okuvezwa Bubungqina

Ukubolekisa kweqela ngaphandle kwesibambiso kuye kwavelisa ngokuthe gqolo amazinga okuhlawula aphezulu kakhulu kunoko ukubolekisa komntu ngamnye ngaphandle kwesibambiso kuluntu olufanayo bekuya kufezekisa, kwaye le ndlela yamkelwa ngokubanzi njengeyinyani.

Okungaqondwa kakuhle kangako kukuba yiyiphi ingxenye eyenza umsebenzi. Iimvavanyo zentsimi ezaguqula amaqela akhoyo anoxanduva oludibeneyo aya kuxanduva lomntu ngamnye — kugcinwa amaqela afanayo, iintlanganiso, amagosa emali-mboleko kwaye ileli yemali-mboleko eqhubekayo — azifumananga kwanda kukungahlawuli. Grameen Bank yafikelela kwisigqibo esifanayo ngokuzimeleyo, yarhoxisa ngokusesikweni uxanduva oludibeneyo phantsi kweGeneralised System ngelixa igcina isakhiwo seqela nesamaziko.

Ingcaciso ngoku eyamkelwa ngokubanzi yile: uninzi lwexabiso luvela ku ukuzikhethela ekusekweni kweqela, iintlanganiso zoluntu, ezithe rhoqo, kunye neleli yemali-mboleko eqhubekayo — hayi kwisiqinisekiso sekontraka. Isibambiso sentlalo sisebenza ngolwazi nodumo ngaphezu kokusebenza ngoxanduva lwasemthethweni.

Oku kubalulekile ngokwenkqubo. Umbolekisi angafumana uninzi lwenzuzo yesibambiso sentlalo ngelixa esusa igatya elibangela owona monakalo omkhulu kubahlawuli abalungileyo.

Apho Isibambiso Sentlalo Sisilela khona

• Izothuso ezihambelanayo. Amalungu oluntu olunye, kushishino olunye, abhekene nenkqubo yemozulu enye, asilela kunye. Isibambiso sentlalo asinaxabiso kanye ngexesha apho sifuneka kakhulu, kuba xa wonke umntu esilela ukuhlawula ngaxeshanye, ukusilela ukuhlawula akuzisi hlazo kwaye uluntu alunamandla okunceda.
• Ukufudukela ezidolophini nokuhamba-hamba. Abantu abangaziwa, abahamba-hambayo abavelisi ukusebenzisana okuxineneyo nokuphindaphindiweyo okuxhomekeke kuko indlela yokusebenza.
• Ukuboleka kwiindawo ezininzi. Umboleki oneemboleko ezivela kubabolekisi abaninzi angalahla isidima sakhe phambi komnye ngelixa egcina kwabanye. Isibambiso sentlalo sicinga ukuba kukho ubudlelwane obunye obufanele ukukhuselwa.
• Ukukhula nokurhweba. Njengoko ukubolekisa kukhula, ukusekwa kwamaqela kuba yinto nje eqhelekileyo, iintlanganiso ziba ziiseshoni zokuqokelela, yaye amagosa emali-mboleko aphatha umthwalo wamatyala omkhulu kakhulu kangangokuba angakwazi ukubazi abathengi. Ulwakhiwo lwentlalo luhlala luphepheni ngeli lixa undoqo wonakala — yipatheni ebhalwe kakuhle kurhwebo lwe microfinance.
• Iziphumo zomda ophezulu. Xa umboleki efikelela kwimali-mboleko ephezulu enikezelwa liziko, ixabiso lexesha elizayo alikhuselayo liyayeka ukukhula, kwaye kunye nalo inkuthazo.
• Ukuphuma ngabom. Umboleki ozimisele ukulishiya uluntu sele esithathe isohlwayo njengento engabalulekanga.

Imiphumo Emibi

Isibambiso sentlalo sineendleko, yaye zona ziwela ababolekayo kunokuba ziwele ababolekisi.

• Ukunyanzelwa. Umda phakathi kokuphendula koontanga nokuxhatshazwa awuzilawuli ngokwawo. Ukuhlazwa esidlangalaleni, ukucinezelwa kosapho lwelungu elingahlawuliyo, nokuthathwa kwezinto zasekhaya ngamalungu asekuhlaleni zonke ziziphumo ezibhaliweyo. Ukuthathwa kwezinto ngamalungu eqela akunasiseko somthetho, yaye umbolekisi onendlela yokusebenza ekunyamezelayo okanye ekhuthaza oku unoxanduva lwako.
• Abahlawuli abalungileyo bathwala ilahleko yabanye. Phantsi kwetyala elidityanelweyo, amalungu athembekileyo athwala iindleko zomntu ongahlawuliyo. Esi sesona sizathu siphambili sokuchithwa kwamaqela nokurhoxa phakathi kwabona bathengi ababalaseleyo beliziko.
• Ukukhutshelwa ngaphandle kwabona bahlwempuzekileyo. Amaqela ayabakhupha abo bathathwa njengabangathembekanga, abadla ngokuba ngabona basengozini. Ukuzikhethela kuphucula umgangatho wepotfoliyo ngokubakhupha abantu abasemdeni — kanye abo bantu ukubandakanywa kwezemali kujoliswe kubo.
• Ukuncipha kobutyebi bentlalo. Ubudlelwane buyi-asethi yokwenene ababolekayo abanayo, yaye ukunyanzelisa kuyabutshabalalisa. Iqela eliwohlokayo ngenxa yokungahlawuli lishiya ngasemva ubudlelwane obonakeleyo kuluntu oluza kuqhubeka nasemva kokuba umbolekisi emkile. Le ndleko ayize ivele kwiiakhawunti zombolekisi.
• Ukuboleka ukukhusela isidima. Amalungu anokuthatha iimali-mboleko ezingekho sikweni ngenzala ephezulu ukuze agcine ingxelo yeqela icocekile, nto leyo evelisa intlawulo exeliweyo efihla ukusiba mandundu kweemeko zababoleki.

Isibambiso Sentlalo Sedijithali

Ababolekisi abasebenzisa idatha engenye baya bezama ngakumbi ukuphinda bakhe isibambiso sentlalo ngedijithali: iigrafu zokuthumelana, uthungelwano lwabaqinisekisi ngaphakathi kwe-app, ukusekwa kwamaqela kwi-intanethi, nokufakwa amanqaku ngokusekelwe kwiimpawu zothungelwano.

Kumele kutsalwe umgca ocacileyo apha.

Kuvumelekileyo: iinkqubo zokuthumela apho umboleki osele ekhona ebeka isidima sakhe ngokusazi; ukusekwa kwamaqela edijithali ngemvume enolwazi, ecacileyo; ukusebenzisa imbali ebhaliweyo yokuhlawula yeqela lokonga njengobungqina betyala.

Okungavumelekanga: ukufumana nokuqokelela oonxibelelwano befowuni bomntu obolekayo nokusebenzisa bona njengabaqinisekisi abangachazwanga, emva koko ukuqhakamshelana nabo bantu xa kungahlawulwanga. Oku akusosibambiso sentlalo — abo bantu abazange bavumelane nantoni na, yaye indlela esebenza ngayo kukubhenca kunokuba kube kukuphendula. Yipatheni yokuxhaphaza ebhaliweyo ekubolekiseni ngedijithali, kuthintelwe okanye kukhawulelwe kwinani elandayo lemimandla yomthetho, yaye kukwaphulwa okunzulu kokukhuselwa kwedatha okuzimeleyo kumonakalo owenziwa kumboleki.

Uvavanyo kukuvuma. Isibambiso sentlalo sifuna ukuba abantu abachaphazelekayo ngesidima sabo babe besazi kwaye bevumile. Apho bengazange bavume khona, into esetyenziswayo ayisosibambiso koko kukunyanzelwa.

Isikhokelo soYilo sabaBolekisi

• Gcina ulwakhiwo, phinda uqwalasele igatya. Ukusekwa kwamaqela, iintlanganiso kunye nokubolekisa okuqhubekayo kunika uninzi lwexabiso; uxanduva lwetyala ngokuhlanganyela lunika uninzi lomonakalo kubahlawuli abalungileyo.
• Vavanya iimfuneko zangaphambili ngokunyanisekileyo phambi kokusebenzisa le ndlela yokusebenza kwimarike entsha. Abantu basezidolophini nabahamba-hambayo abayi kuyixhasa.
• Musa ukucinga ukuba isibambiso sentlalo siwusasaza umngcipheko. Amalungu abelana ngendawo nangendlela yokuphila abakugxininisa, hayi ukusasazeka.
• Nika indlela yokujongana nobunzima. Ukucwangcisa ngokutsha ilungu elisokolayo kuphantse kuhlale kungcono kunokubangela ukusilela kweqela okulahlekisela ilungu ngalinye.
• Beka imida ecacileyo malunga nokunyanzeliswa koontanga kwimigaqo nakuqeqesho. Ukushiya umgca kwingqiqo yabasebenzi basentsimini kuthetha ukuba uya kugqithwa.
• Jonga i-credit bureau kumjikelo ngamnye. Isibambiso sentlalo asinakubona ukuboleka kwenye indawo.
• Qonda umda ophezulu. Cwangcisa ukunyuselwa phambi kokuba inkuthazo iyeke ukukhula.